Browse Items (1422 total)
Sort by:
-
Security and privacy aspects in intelligence systems through blockchain and explainable AI
Explainable AI (XAI) is a method of creating artificial intelligence (AI) systems that are transparent and understandable to humans. By allowing people to understand how the system arrived at its conclusions or suggestions, XAI systems strive to make AI more accountable, trustworthy, and ethical. Responsibility, trust, ethics, regulation, and innovation are some of the societal ramifications of XAI. By making AI systems more transparent, XAI fosters accountability. This means that consumers will be able to understand how the system made its decisions and hold it accountable if something goes wrong. By making the decision-making process more transparent, XAI fosters trust between people and AI systems. This boosts user trust in the system and encourages wider adoption of AI technologies. It also contributes to the ethical design of AI systems by making the decision-making process public in order to uncover and mitigate biases and other ethical issues that may occur in AI systems. It aids regulators and policymakers in understanding and regulating AI systems. XAI gives insight into how AI systems operate, which can assist regulators in developing laws that promote ethical and responsible AI use. Because XAI can help developers better and innovate new systems by making it easier for them to design new AI systems and by providing insights into how AI systems work. The proposed chapter will focus on important aspects of algorithmic bias and changing notions of privacy in XAI, which will necessitate the need for AI systems that can adapt accountability, trust, ethics, and compliance with regulations, as well as produce better innovation that can benefit humanity. More openness, greater control over personal data, new types of data privacy, and newer privacy networks are all required. To address algorithmic bias in XAI, it is critical to build the system so that it is aware of the possibility of bias and actively mitigates it. This can involve employing diverse and representative data, inspecting the system for unwanted features, offering detailed explanations, and incorporating a wide range of stakeholders in the system's development and deployment. The envisaged report provides a framework that combines XAI and blockchain to provide a secure and transparent way to store and track the provenance of data used by XAI systems, validate the performance of AI models stored on the blockchain on decentralized systems so that the models are stored and executed on a distributed network of nodes rather than a centralized server, and create a token-based economy that encourages data sharing and AI development. Tokens can be used to compensate individuals and organizations who contribute data or algorithms to the blockchain or who employ AI models stored on the blockchain. Overall, the combination of XAI and blockchain can lead to more trustworthy, transparent, and decentralized AI systems. This approach can have a significant impact on various industries such as finance, healthcare, and supply chain management by increasing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving data privacy and security. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Stock market prediction using DQN with DQNReg loss function
There have been many developments in predicting stock market prices using reinforcement learning. Recently, Google released a paper that designed a new loss function, specifically for meta-learning reinforcement learning. In this paper, implementation is done using this loss function to the reinforcement learning model, whose objective is to predict the stock price based on certain parameters. The reinforcement learning used is an encoderdecoder framework that is useful for extracting features from long sequence prices. The DQNReg loss function is implemented in the encoder-decoder model as it could provide strong adaptation performance in a variety of settings. The model can buy and sell the index, and the reward is the portfolio return after the days trading has concluded. To maximize yield the model must optimize reward function. The DQNReg loss implemented DQN network and the Huber loss DQN network is compared with the Sharpe ratio considered for return. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Arvind Dagur, Karan Singh, Pawan Singh Mehra & Dhirendra Kumar Shukla; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Detection of toxic comments over the internet using deep learning methods
People now share their ideas on a wide range of topics on social media, which has become an integral part of contemporary culture. The majority of people are increasingly turning to social media as a necessity, and there are numerous incidents of social media addiction that have been reported. Socialmedia channels. Socialmedia platforms have established their worth over time by bringing individuals from different backgrounds together, but they have also shown harmful side effects that could have serious consequences. One such unfavourable result is how extremely poisonous many discussions on social media are. Online abuse, hate speech, and occasionally outrage culture are now all considered to be toxic. In this study, we leverage the Transformers Bidirectional Encoder Representations to build an efficient model to detect and classify toxicity in user-generated content on social media. The Kaggle dataset with labelled toxic comments, was used to refine the BERT pre-trained model. Other Deep learning models, including Bidirectional LSTM, Bidirectional-LSTM with attention, and a few other models, were also tested to see which performed best in this classification task. We further evaluate the proposed models utilising dataset obtained from Twitter in order to find harmful content (tweets) using relevant hashtags. The findings showed how well the suggested methodology classified and analysed toxic comments. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Arvind Dagur, Karan Singh, Pawan Singh Mehra & Dhirendra Kumar Shukla; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Deep learning based federated learning scheme for decentralized blockchain
Blockchain has the characteristics of immutability and decentralization, and its combination with federated learning has become a hot topic in the field of artificial intelligence. At present, decentralized, federated learning has the problem of performance degradation caused by non-independent and identical training data distribution. To solve this problem, a calculation method for model similarity is proposed, and then a decentralized, federated learning strategy based on the similarity of the model is designed and tested using five federated learning tasks: CNN model training fashion-mnist dataset, alexnet model training cifar10 dataset, TextRnn model training thusnews dataset, Resnet18 model training SVHN dataset and LSTM model training sentiment140 dataset. The experimental results show that the designed strategy performs decentralized, federated learning under the nonindependent and identically distributed data of five tasks, and the accuracy rates are increased by 2.51, 5.16, 17.58, 2.46 and 5.23 percentage points, respectively. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Arvind Dagur, Karan Singh, Pawan Singh Mehra & Dhirendra Kumar Shukla; individual chapters, the contributors. -
THE FEDERAL DYNAMICS OF INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY: Issues, Concerns and Trends
Participation of regional governments in foreign policy is a global phenomenon, which has been described as constituent diplomacy or Para diplomacy. It is a phenomenon that includes a cocktail of factors like globalisation, economic liberalisation, diffusion of technology and the decentralisation of political power. Dependence of coalition governments on regional parties in India has resulted in a subtle power shift when it comes to foreign policy prioritisation and perceptions. There is a new activism in the making and implementation of Indian foreign policy. The chapter analyses the domestic imperatives impacting on India's foreign policy. The assertion and expectations of regional parties have been contingent on the leverage they have within a coalition like the NDA and the UPA. States are now even bringing foreign and security issues to the bargaining table, thereby providing the regional parties a variety of participatory opportunities. Conduct of India's foreign policy is no longer the exclusive domain of the federal government in India. At any given time, domestic compulsions influence how states act and react to various foreign policy issues and events, and hence engaging state governments in foreign affairs can be a force multiplier for Indian foreign policy. 2024 selection and editorial matter, M.J. Vinod, Stefy V Joseph, Joseph Chacko Chennatuserry and Dimitris N. Chryssochoou; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nelumbonaceae A. Rich.) is a beautiful aquatic flowering plant with a subterranean rhizome. With a vast array of culinary applications and a storehouse of bioactive compounds in its plant parts, N. nucifera functions as both an underground food crop and a valuable medicinal plant. With a more than 7,000-year history of cultivation, this plant is one of the few aquatic plants used as a vegetable. N. nucifera possesses copious amounts of alkaloids and flavonoids as phytochemicals, along with various other derivatives. The rhizome is consumed as a vegetable since it has more carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins, and it also possesses phytocompounds that exhibit immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Many countries in Asia use N. nucifera starch as a major culinary ingredient. To date, many phytochemicals isolated from this plant are used in many medicinal systems, including traditional, Ayurvedic, herbal, and oriental medicine. The extracts of various organs of this plant are used to treat numerous types of cancers, cardiac diseases, liver ailments, diabetes, and nervous disorders. The flower extracts are effective against fever, adipsia, cholera, and diarrhea. Eaten raw or puffed, lotus seeds are high in protein and contain minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron, and potassium. The seeds are used as antibiotics to cure skin diseases like leprosy. Chinese medicine uses lotus seeds to treat renal and cardiac problems. Accordingly, N. nucifera is employed in food, medicine, culture, and religion. Furthermore, N. nucifera is an excellent environmental adapter and has the capacity to modify its resistance to environmental stress in order to adapt to a variety of abiotic stresses including flooding, extremely high temperatures, salt, low light, and heavy metals. It can therefore be grown in a variety of environments. Although this aquatic crop is restricted to an extensive geographical region and has a huge variety of cultivars, many parts of the world are still uninformed about this crop. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the medicinal and nutritional benefits of this tuberous crop in order to investigate it as a potential replacement for present-day food crops as well as a source of medicine. In order to effectively utilize this aquatic underground crop, this chapter aims to embody the nutritional advantages, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the phytocompounds from the various parts of N. nucifera. It also emphasizes lotus breeding to date, applications as food, cultural aspects, and future production of potential N. nucifera underground crops of the highest quality. 2023, Springer Science and Business Media B.V.. All rights reserved. -
NONHUMAN VISIONS: From Experimental Cinema to Hollywood
In this chapter, I want to trace the convergences between experimental cinema, video-art practices and Hollywood that has emerged as a result of their mutual investment in capturing the visuality of the Anthropocene through a technologically produced and mediated sensory framework. Through a series of case studies from independent filmmakers and Hollywood blockbusters, I argue that as much as the avant-garde is invested in producing Anthropocenic imaginations, Hollywood has also been pursuing it by creating a series of affective strategies that help us to conceive and relate to an otherwise incomprehensible scales of deep-pasts and futures. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Simi Malhotra, Sakshi Dogra and Jubi C. John; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Positive People and Confident Competitors: Resilient Youth Development Through Sport and Physical Activity
In the altering world scenario, there is a necessity to plan, prepare and progress with youth development. Research has associated positive youth development with the 5Cs model (competence, confidence, connection, character and caring) (Lerner et al., The Journal of Early Adolescence 25:17-71, 2005) to build resilience in youth. Over the past 35 years, sport psychology has established that sport helps in developing necessary psychological skills and attributes among youth. Youth sport is an extracurricular activity that provides young people with unique negative and positive experiences. Within these experiences, the individual goes beyond the self and has to work with a diverse group of others for self-development and achievement of shared goals. In this chapter, our primary objective is to review the foundations of literature concerning confidence, resilience and identity as corner-stones for positive youth development through sport. To achieve this objective, we adopt a global approach blending field experience from participatory sport, developmental sport and elite sport to provide an intervention framework grounded in applied sport psychology. Intervention framework provided is aligned to the COM-B behaviour change model (Michie et al. 2011) for sustainable change. The focus is on a balance between developing stable protective factors for mental health and positive youth development to ensure appropriate cognitive, social, emotional and behaviour skills to thrive in an evolving world. Implications for transferring this learning cross-culturally and in non-sport contexts such as schools and grass-root programs are discussed with recommendation for good practice. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM IN A MULTINATIONAL COUNTRY: Examining the Case of Pakistan
Pakistan, as a multilingual and multiethnic country, has had to deal with issues of ethnic conflict and separatism. Cooperative federalism is used as a device by countries across the world to accommodate and manage the immense diversities they possess. This chapter examines the need for cooperative federalism in a multinational country like Pakistan to strengthen its federal model, ensuring that ethnic groups in the country do not feel insecure and alienated from the union, demanding secession. Beyond national security concerns, cooperative federalism in Pakistan will ensure economic security, human rights, social security, effective policymaking and much more, which form the basis of a welfare state. 2024 selection and editorial matter, M.J. Vinod, Stefy V Joseph, Joseph Chacko Chennatuserry and Dimitris N. Chryssochoou; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Human AI: Explainable and responsible models in computer vision
Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used in all areas of information, research, and technology. Allied parts of AI have to be investigated for understanding the association among them. Human and explainable AI (XAI) are a few examples that can help in the development of understandable systems. Posthoc actions and operations are geared toward explainable AI, which investigates what went wrong in a black box setting. Responsible AI, on the other hand, seeks to avoid such blunders in the first ring. Ontology is defined as the study of existence and has several applications in computer science, specifically in platforms such as Resource Description Framework and Web Ontology Language. In this chapter, we examine both parts of the aforementioned AI and attempt to establish a link between ontology and explainable AI as they complement each other in terms of creating trustworthy systems. As part of the chapter, an applicable literature is also brought in, emphasizing the necessity of current understanding in explainable and responsible AI. For illustrating the lineage of input and output operations in relation to ontology characteristics and AI, a scenario of AI implementation using image processing dataset is studied. Classroom learning is an integral element of every student's daily life. Assessing the interest levels of individual pupils would help in enhancing the process of teaching and learning. This work contributes to the process of explainable AI by eliciting algorithms that can extract faces from frames, recognize emotions, conduct studies on engagement levels, and provide a session-wide analysis. Detailed descriptions of these operations, as well as specific parameters, are provided to relate the theme of work. We feel that this collaboration between ontology and explainable AI is unique in that it acts as a springboard for future study in these domains. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Conclusion
[No abstract available] -
THAYIL, JEET (1959-)
[No abstract available] -
Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott)
Plants are said to be the finest source of food and phytochemicals. Along with aerial plant components, subterranean tuberous, stems, and roots were often consumed for their phytochemical and nutritional worth. Colocasia esculenta (L.). Schott is an essential plant that is utilized for its nutritional and phytochemical properties. It is commonly called taro, which is very rich in plant secondary metabolites and their respective pharmacological properties. Taro is consumed by people worldwide and serves as a staple food in Asian and African countries, leading to its abundant production. Extensive studies has explored the nutritional composition of taro, which has been identified as a promising source of dietary fiber. Moreover, taro exhibits a wealth of minerals and phytochemicals, including phenols, flavonoids, and various derivatives, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and anticancer effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of taro, encompassing its nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and numerous pharmacological properties. Additionally, it addresses the important aspects of biosafety in relation to taro consumption and highlights potential prospects for sustainable production of this remarkable tuber crop. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
EM AND THE BIG HOOM by Jerry Pinto
[No abstract available] -
The Men and the Media
This chapter examines the significant transformations of the representations of lead male characters in Bollywood cinema post-2000 from the perspective of contemporary gender and cultural theories. The objective of the study is to gain an insight into the relationship between capitalism and masculinities; sports and masculinities; patriarchy and masculinities; the reversal of the male gaze into the female gaze, and how all these have contributed ultimately to the emergence of a new order of masculinity at the turn of the new millennium. Towards the end, the reader is invited to understand the entanglement of capitalism, sports and patriarchy in forming a kind of homosocial male bonding and how media has played a significant role in constructing it through a study of selected films. Masculinities and their consumerist connotations, which vary according to post-liberal economic and cultural contexts, have also been investigated in this study. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Francis Philip Barclay and Kaifia Ancer Laskar; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Phytochemicals for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: medicine of the future or a mirage?
Dietary polyphenols cease to be mere nutrients but have immense health enhancing and disease modifying effects. Phytochemical-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly popular. This may be attributed to the lack of long-term benefits or adverse effects of current pharmacotherapy. Polyphenols target multiple pathways and their long-term use could prove beneficial for diseases involving multiple etiological factors. While polyphenols are nontoxic and oral route is the preferred mode of administration, bioavailability in the brain is limited rendering the neuroprotective efficacy questionable. Methods employing synthetic biopolymers, nanoformulations, liposomal carriers, or conjugation have been explored to enhance the bioavailability. While results have been promising in experimental models, translation to human neurodegenerative conditions is limited. It can therefore be surmised that the present knowledge on dietary polyphenols is only the tip of the iceberg and extensive translational research is warranted to fill the gap for their therapeutic use. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Kingship and Vedic Literature: Inflections, Deflections and Reflections
This chapter seeks to examine the figurations and configurations of 'kingship' reflected in different Vedic literary narratives in general and particularly aims at foregrounding how 'kingship' that happens to be one of the oldest forms of political governance, originated in Vedic times and how it became multifaceted with the passage of time. This chapter particularly seeks to employ three epistemological lenses - govern(mentality), sacral (infra)structuralism and planetarity - to lay down how the Vedic notion of 'kingship' underwent 'intensive' changes and how it stood in conformity with varied dimensions of contemporary political ecology. Besides that, this chapter aims at bringing out how Vedic notion of 'kingship' embodies the limits of 'human' by means of performing a liaison between the Almighty and ordinary human beings. Finally, at the end, royal haecceities of Vedic 'kingship' are critically taken up to facilitate readers to grasp the ontological and onticological fluidity of Vedic understanding of 'kingship'. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Nizar Zouidi; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Mechanical and Wear Behavior of Halloysite Nanotubes Filled Silk/Basalt Hybrid Composites Using Response Surface Methodology
The aim of this study is to develop bio-friendly light weight polymer nanocomposites for load bearing applications and to evaluate the influence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on mechanical as well as wear behavior of silk fiber (SF) and basalt fiber (BF) reinforced epoxy (Ep) composites. HNT filled biocomposites were fabricated using vacuum bagging technique. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) of experiment with Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to conduct the dry-sliding wear tests on a pin on disc apparatus. Tribo-mechanical properties and worn surface micrographs of hybrid composite samples were analyzed. Hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance behavior of SF + BF/Ep hybrid composites were substantially improved with the incorporation of HNTs. It was observed from the confirmation test that there is a strong agreement between the experimental findings as well as the predicted values, with a minimum reported error of <5% for HNT-SF + BF/Ep hybrid nanocomposites. SEM micrographs of the worn-out surface of HNT filled SF + BF/Ep composite exhibited fiber breakage, pulverized matrix, good interfacial bonding and fractured fibers. The novelty of the current research work is the development of eco-friendly polymeric composites for wear resistant and structural applications. The effect of hybridization (fiberssilk and basalt, fillersHNTs) on the tribo-mechanical properties of polymeric composites were investigated for the first time. The study showed that the mechanical as well as the tribological properties of SF and BF reinforced epoxy composites were enhanced with the addition of nanofiller. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
RAO, R. RAJ (1955-)
[No abstract available] -
Impact of COVID-19 on the Share Prices of Life Insurance Companies: A Case of Economic Sustainability in India
The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused many economic disruptions worldwide. In particular, the Indian insurance industry has been adversely affected due to the impact of the pandemic. Furthermore, this market volatility has caused a steep fall in the stock prices of life insurance companies in the country. The share prices of life insurance companies have been affected due to decreased demand and uncertain market conditions. This study has considered three life insurance scripts from NSE, namely SBI Life, HDFC Life, and ICICI PRU, for the period from April 2020 to July 2021; the data has been taken on a daily basis. The methodology adopted was one of moving average trading rules to ascertain the profitability of the rule. Market returns of life insurance companies are not satisfying for the investor. Due to the pandemic, the insurance sector has been one of the most hard-hit sectors due to claims and releases. Life insurance has performed poorly during the period of the study. According to the data, if an investor entered the market during that period, then their position would have been stable, but investors holding the stock would have suffered a huge loss during this period. Investors need to wait for better opportunities post COVID-19. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Shalini Singh, Bhavna Sharma, and Garima Madaan Dua.