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Persistent Luminescence and in Vivo Bioimaging
In vivo bioimaging encompasses the non-invasive visualization of internal cells or organs within the human body, facilitating the real-time monitoring of dynamic biological processes. This form of bioimaging holds paramount significance within clinical domains due to its capacity to facilitate early disease detection, notably in cases of life-threatening conditions such as cancer. Although established imaging modalities like ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescence imaging exist, the quest for innovative imaging probes with enhanced visibility to provide high-resolution images remains an active area of research. The introduction of persistent luminescent nanoprobes, characterized by their unique afterglow luminescence property, presents an exciting avenue in the realm of bioimaging. These nanoprobes offer several advantages over traditional fluorescent probes, notably in their ability to surmount light attenuation challenges within biological tissues including issues such as autofluorescence and light scattering. The chapter offers a succinct introduction to two pivotal facets of fluorescence imaging, namely persistent luminescence and upconversion luminescence while elucidating the underlying mechanisms governing their luminescence behavior. Moreover, this chapter provides comprehensive insights into various fluorescence imaging techniques, encompassing near-infrared imaging, upconversion imaging, X-ray-activated luminescence imaging, persistent luminescence imaging, and various multimodal imaging techniques. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Perspectives and Implications of Probiotics as Beneficial Mediators in Aquaculture Industry
The diseases and nutrient deficiency in fish and other cultured aquatic species are of crucial concern as they cause severe economic loss in aquaculture sectors. The use of probiotics has proven to be an effective option to reduce the infections improve the overall health and enhance the productivity. This review comprehensively brought out significance of probiotics, their mode of administration via encapsulation methods and their mechanism of action reported by several research works. We have also highlighted the other beneficial aspects of probiotics as potent functional agents influencing gut microbiota, competence with pathogenic bacteria, release of antimicrobial secretions and maintain the water quality in environmental friendly manner which ensures sustainable aquaculture and fish farming. This review has also covered up the role of probiotics in wide spectrum of functions such as antiviral and antifungal properties, reducing stress and diseases, modifying the gut microbiota, improving the fecundity, survival and modulating the immune system of the host. We have discussed every aspect of probiotics and correlated with the existing research and review articles till date. However, most of the studies are reported based on the laboratory trials and experiments; commercial and large-scale demonstration has to be scaled up and utilization of them in natural environments like ponds and lakes will be effective way to broaden aquaculture industry. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Phytochemicals for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: medicine of the future or a mirage?
Dietary polyphenols cease to be mere nutrients but have immense health enhancing and disease modifying effects. Phytochemical-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly popular. This may be attributed to the lack of long-term benefits or adverse effects of current pharmacotherapy. Polyphenols target multiple pathways and their long-term use could prove beneficial for diseases involving multiple etiological factors. While polyphenols are nontoxic and oral route is the preferred mode of administration, bioavailability in the brain is limited rendering the neuroprotective efficacy questionable. Methods employing synthetic biopolymers, nanoformulations, liposomal carriers, or conjugation have been explored to enhance the bioavailability. While results have been promising in experimental models, translation to human neurodegenerative conditions is limited. It can therefore be surmised that the present knowledge on dietary polyphenols is only the tip of the iceberg and extensive translational research is warranted to fill the gap for their therapeutic use. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemistry and antigenotoxic properties of six ethnobotanically important members from the family Zingiberaceae
Genotoxicity is considered as a potential cause of various diseases including cancer. During the last decade, herbal extracts attained a great deal of attention due to its safe and effective applications against various DNA damaging agents. However, the mechanism of DNA strand breaks by various mutagens and genotoxins is often correlated with the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Herbal extracts constitute a number of phytochemicals and those are reported to have considerable antioxidant properties, which are in turn capable of neutralizing ROS mediated DNA damage. The botanical family Zingiberaceae is reported to have significant antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential by various researchers. Among a number of species belonging to this family, six species, namely Alpinia galanga, A. zerumbet, Curcuma amada, C. caesia, Zingiber officinale, and Z. zerumbet, attract notable attention due to their remarkable ethnobotanical and medicinal importance. This chapter deals with phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of these six Zingiberaceous plant extracts. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L. is a pharmaceutically significant herb that is used for culinary purposes and in herbal formulations. It is an annual herb from the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with unique taxonomic characters. Generally called Dhania or kutumbari, it is cultivated worldwide for its distinct flavors and medicinal properties. Coriander is a rich reservoir of nutrients and significant biochemicals. The phenomenal healing properties of coriander can be attributed to the phytochemicals present in essential oils produced in various parts of the plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed. The essential oils are rich in biochemicals like Linalool, (E)-2-decenal, 2-Decenoic acid, camphor, etc. These biomolecules altogether contribute to many pharmacological activities like analgesic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, hypnotic activity. There are many scientifically proven reports to suggest its importance for usage. The present chapter summarizes the nutrition, biochemicals, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of Coriandrum sativum L as well as its cultivation and processing. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Phytonanotechnology for the Removal of Pollutants from the Contaminated Soil Environment
Over-consumption of chemically synthesized components aids country toward industrial revolution, which symbolizes for economic prosperity. On the other hand, industrial revolution is responsible for soil pollution, due to its toxic effluents. The main source of soil pollutants includes fertilizers, pesticides, untreated wastewater used for irrigation, land application of sewage sludge due to rich organic content, petroleum leakage and leaching from landfills, etc. The crops grown out of this contaminated soil make the plant to changes its nutritional valve, bioaccumulates the chemicals, and also hinder with its vigor. Studies proved that prevent measures should prioritize in minimizing the adverse effect on the environment. Use of Phyto-nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, as nano fertilizer, nanotechnology-based biocontrol agents, and other areas before the hazardous chemicals entering soil. Green synthesized nanoparticles assist as excellent bio remedial agents as they are rich in biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and several enzymes also deter-mine its efficacy of action. Hence, this chapter highlights the various eco-friendly and inexpensive products or formulation used for removal of toxic and recalcitrant materials which are dreadfully risky to human health. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Pilot Study on Adoption and Usage of AI in Food Processing Industry by UTAUT2
Artificial intelligence (AI) improves the efficiency of work and effectiveness in the output. Currently, food processing industries have started using AI in their business operations. It is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the adoption and usage of AI systems in food processing industries. Therefore, this paper validates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) in the context of the food processing industry. This study applied AI to the food processing industries in the Bengaluru region. The study's objective is to build a clear vision of the factors that affect the user acceptance and behaviour intention of the user by pilot test. The pilot survey collected 62 responses through the questionnaire. The respondents were employees from the food processing industries in Bengaluru. The reliability test of the questionnaire was done by using Jamovi 2.3.16 software. The questionnaire was tested in three ways: Cronbach Alpha, McDonalds Omega, and Inter-rater reliability. The results of the entire test were reliable since overall Cronbach Alpha of 0.874, which is within the range of 0.800.90, and considered good internal consistency. Similarly, McDonalds Omega is within the range of 0.800.90, which is excellent consistency, and Inter-rater reliability is within the range of moderately acceptable scores from 50 to 75%. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Place-based strategies, multichannel merger, and context-driven alerts for engagement with mobile marketing
Mobile marketing is essential for timely, personalized communication in the digital world. Engagement is increased by location-based strategies like geofencing and context-driven notifications. Integrating social media improves ties with customers. In the digital age, multi-channel integration guarantees a smooth and personalized experience. As per the authors, this chapter explores how location-based suggestions, context-driven notifications, and multi-channel integration enhance client connections while highlighting the significance of geolocation data for targeted content. For context-driven notifications to be effective, helpfulness and privacy must be balanced. Companies create stronger relationships with their consumers and improve the customer experience, which motivates both present and new customers to engage and connect with their brand. An analysis is conducted on the changing field of mobile marketing, emphasizing the use of location-based tactics, multi-channel integration, and context-driven notifications to increase user engagement. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Plant- based Metabolites as Source of Antimicrobial Therapeutics: Prospects and Challenges
Plants are used as traditional medicines from ancient times to today as they are the largest living storehouses of bio- chemicals and pharmaceuticals known on Earth (Abdallah, 2011). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) database reported in April 2021 that there are 1,383,297 plant names with 996,093 plants identified at species level, constituting 342,953 accepted vascular plant species (Govaerts et al., 2021). Around 10% of the reported vascular plants are used as medicines (Salmer- Manzano et al., 2020). According to the MPNS, 33,443 species are recorded as being used for medicinal purpose (MNPS, 2021). Medicinal plants are those that have therapeutic properties which can pose pharmacological effect on the human or animal body (Namdeo, 2018). About 80% of the world's population depends on plant- based medicine for treatment of diseases (Okoye et al., 2014). The medicinal property of a plant is attributed to rich and diverse secondary metabolites (Allemailem, 2021). Secondary metabolites are intermediates or products of primary metabolism that are not involves directly in the growth and development of the plant (Jain et al., 2019). Plants generate secondary metabolites in response to stresses posed by biotic factors (bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, pests, weeds, and herbivore animals) and abiotic environmental factors (temperature, salinity, drought, UV radiation etc.) so as to adapt and survive in response to environmental stimuli during their life time (Yang et al., 2018). 2023 selection and editorial matter, Arti Gupta and Ram Prasad; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Plant-Derived Nanocellulosic Material: A Promising Technology Application in Environmental Bioremediation
Nanocellulose (NC) polymers derived from plant sources are gaining enormous interest in environmental remediation owing to their low cost and potential for renewable adsorption. Plant-derived nanocellulose is applied in waste water treatment because of its unique features and functionality. The word nanocellulose refers to cellulosic materials having a dimension of nanoscopic scale/or nanoscale. One such nanomaterial is a cellulose-based material with a well-aligned nanocellulose composition indicating its structural hierarchy. Nanocellulose has been recognized as a remarkable natural biomaterial adsorbent which is obtained from renewable sources such as wood, plants, fruit peel, can be found abundantly on earth, and biodegradable and can be easily used in the surface fabrication. Due to its increased surface area, nanocellulose has gained considerable advantage over conventional cellulose fibers. Application of nanocellulosic material in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment has recently emerged as a potential adsorbent generating, and aroused much attention in addressing the environmental issue. Nanocellulose may adsorb a wide range of contaminants, such as heavy metals, dissolved pollutants (organic), dyes, petroleum oil, and unwanted effluents. This review provides focus on the structure, properties, isolation, and adsorbent classes of nanocellulosic materials, as well as their applications in environmental remediation. 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Plant, Animal, and Microbial Sources of Dyes and Mordants
Synthetic dyes and mordants have been used by various industries, including food, cosmetics, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, for many decades. However, their potential hazards to the environment and human health, such as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, have raised global concerns. In earlier decades, people used naturally extracted dyes and mordants from plants and insects for purposes like painting, dyeing clothes, and enhancing skin and hair, using substances like henna, turmeric, and saffron. However, chemically synthesized dyes quickly replaced natural dyes due to their easy availability and low cost. Currently, consumers are becoming more conscious of the use of synthetic dyes and their effects, which can cause allergies and toxicity. This has led to a resurgence of eco-friendly dyes and biocolors, which have gained importance. There has been advanced and increased development in utilizing naturally occurring bioresources to produce sustainable biocolors with multifunctional applications. Natural colors have not only increased their market value due to their aesthetic appeal but also for their various properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Indeed, biocolors derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms have better degradability and compatibility with the environment. These naturally occurring pigments need to be explored from various natural sources to meet the increasing global demand, using suitable techniques for their extraction. 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Platform Business Model for Intelligent Supply Chain Operations
Platform economy involves technology to connect the dispersed network of participants. The Platform Business Model denotes a triangular participation between; the platform itself, the supplier and the consumer. The global market is witnessing a rise of digital platforms with an increase in the power of algorithms and cloud-based computing, connecting millions of participants in the network. The technological advancement makes the digital platforms a formidable force that ushers in change and brings out economic revolution across the globe. Many entrepreneurs have been created by these platforms, the workforces have the freedom to choose their work time and job, leading to an economically vibrant society. Platform businesses exist across various verticals, even in manufacturing setup. A variety of goods can be produced in a flexible assembly line. Hence the concept of outsourcing may require new definition from low-cost labour-based countries to high technology low-cost countries. There may be a transformation of economies shifting towards service, as major manufacturers may reorient themselves into service operators. Overall, the platform business model would make the entire operation more transparent with real time data transfer between the participants, leading to efficiency across the entire chain of business activities. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
Play and Play Spaces for Global Health, Happiness, and Well-Being
Play has a significant role in an individuals learning and holistic development. Play and recreation are a need and right. Research on play indicates that the significance of play is neglected among the current generation. Play spaces are shrinking, and physical play is becoming extinct in most communities. This current scenario may or have led to poor physical and mental health outcomes. The proposed book chapter aims to present play and play spaces in physical and mental health. The literature of play theories in child development shows the role of play in socioemotional, physical, and cognitive development. The current paper brings together literature on play across the lifespan, highlighting how play and recreation impacts children, youth, adults, and older adults physical and mental health. The change in lifestyle patterns has contributed to the neglect of play and recreation. The paper throws light on the need for the attention of professionals and policymakers for interventions and advocacy at both local and global levels in promoting play and preserving natural play spaces. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Taylor and Francis Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Playing With Differences: Social-Emotional Learning to Reduce Bullying and Promote Inclusivity
Inclusivity is a key indicator for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. At the school level, bullying mars the appreciation of individual differences and acts as a barrier to inclusivity. The use of social-emotional learning is recommended to promote inclusivity and reduce bullying. Play is an enjoyable form of learning social-emotional skills for all age groups. It is also known to promote positive peer relationships and enable learners to develop a wide range of skills. Hence, educators can incorporate play through digital pedagogical tools and grade-wise play activities to engage students. Resultantly, learners can become emotionally intelligent individuals, sensitive to and respectful of differences. 2023 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Political Optimizer-Based Optimal Integration of Soft Open Points and Renewable Sources for Improving Resilience in Radial Distribution System
A novel and simple meta-heuristic optimization technique viz., political optimizer (PO) is proposed in this paper to identify the size and optimal location of solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The main objective is to minimize the distribution loss and is solved using proposed PO. The computational efficiency of PO is compared with the literature, and its superiority is highlighted in terms of global solution at initial stage. The physical requirements of SPV system via soft open points (SOPs) among multiple laterals are solved considering radiality constraints in second stage. The proposed concept of interoperable-photovoltaic (I-PV) system has been applied on standard IEEE 69-bus system and has shown the effectiveness in performance enhancement of the system. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Polymer-Based Nanomaterial as a Bacteriostatic Agent on Gram-Positive Bacteria
The colonization of surfaces by bacteria is a widespread phenomenon that affects environmental processes and human health. Bacterial growth can also be found in materials used in the textile industries, food packaging, and wearable electronics. Moreover, the necessity for replacing traditional antibiotics is relevant due to the increased health risks of antimicrobial resistance from the excessive use of antibiotics. Recently, research is focused more on developing polymer-based antibacterial materials critical to preventing bacterial proliferation. The use of some nanomaterials appears to be very promising in this regard. This work reports the synthesis of a polymer-based nanomaterial derived from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via the hydrothermal method and studies its structural and optical properties. It is also observed that these nanoparticles (NPs) display the highest antibacterial potency against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacteria than their bulk counterpart. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Polyoxometalates and redox-active molecular clusters for supercapacitors
Hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices become inevitable part of our daily life and it is necessary to develop efficient energy storage devices to supply them power. Supercapacitors (SCs) are electrochemical energy storage devices with high power densities. The electrochemical performances of a SC depend mainly on the electrode-active material used in it. An efficient electrode-active material should have qualities such as large surface area, porous structure, uniform pore distribution, good chemical and electrochemical stabilities, and good mechanical strength, to name a few. Mesoporous electrode architecture is highly preferred to obtain maximum electrolyte-ion accessibility that can boost the electrochemical performance of the SC electrode. The various electrode-active materials developed to date are transition metal oxides, electronically conducting polymers, carbon nanomaterials, etc. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are comparatively novel electrode candidates that possess excellent structural stability during the reversible redox reactions. A unique characteristic such as higher oxidation state possessed by POMs makes them an ideal platform to accept and release electrons during the electrochemical charge storage. POMs are considered to be a polyatomic anion, which hold early transition metals like Mo, V, W, etc., and are linked to an oxygen atom in a three-dimensional cluster. The cluster formation of POMs enables higher stability and easy to prepare composites with other materials such as carbon nanomaterial, electronically conducting polymers, etc. The preparation of hybrid electrode architectures by anchoring of POMs helps in producing a large number of electroactive sites for the enhanced electrochemical reactions to occur. This chapter explains the salient features and functionalities of POMs and redox-active molecular clusters that affect the SC performance. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Portable and Automated Healthcare Platform Integrated with IoT Technology
The diverse applications of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Bioelectronics - face recognition, pulse wave monitoring and insulin level measurements have been discussed in this chapter. This chapter also emphasizes on the IoT and its applications in biological sensors. The chapter focuses on IoT systems, such as neural networks and other channels that are integrated into a secure healthcare monitoring system in order to make the system operate as a smart model in healthcare sector that determines the priority based on health parameters gathered from the sensor nodes. In this work, the different approaches of IoT with distinct methodologies are also deliberated. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Portfolio Management Decision Support System Using Cryptocurrencies and Traditional Assets in Indian Context
The paper attempts to develop a portfolio management decision support system (PMDSS) to help the investors to ensure portfolio optimization in Indian context. For this, the study conducts a comparative analysis between portfolios with equities from Indian market and portfolios that includes cryptocurrencies along with equities. Considering the huge hype received by cryptocurrencies in the current scenario, we attempt to diversify portfolios by including risky assets like cryptocurrencies, specially focusing from Indian perspective. Till now, Portfolio Optimization with Monte Carlo Simulation and Hierarchical Risk Parity has not been implemented by combining portfolios of cryptocurrencies and Indian stocks together. Traditional assets for the study are selected upon their market capitalization, Earnings Per Share, Profit margin, Operating profit etc. and cryptocurrencies are chosen according to their market capitalization. Data on the daily prices of these assets are collected from 201920 to 202122. An attempt is made to optimize the portfolios by minimizing the portfolio standard deviation and maximizing the portfolio expected returns. This helps to minimize risk and maximize the possible returns that might arise from the portfolio after adjusting for the volatility of the asset classes respectively. Based on the results, we suggest not to incorporate cryptocurrencies in portfolios with Indian stocks. This is because the risk adjusted returns of cryptocurrencies are comparatively lower as compared to the other under study. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Portfolio optimization using simulated annealing and quantum-inspired simulated annealing: A comparative study
Portfolio optimization has been a highly studied problem in financial investment expert systems. The nonlinear constraint portfolio optimization problem cannot be efficiently solved using traditional approaches. This chapter presents a metaheuristic approach to portfolio optimization using simulated annealing (SA). Experiments have been conducted on over 10 years of NASDAQ stock price data. This first-of-its-kind effort is also made to implement the quantum-inspired version of SA (QiSA) for portfolio optimization, and the results are compared with the classical approach. The optimization parameters are chosen using sensitivity analysis, and the results are compared using different statistical measures. Preliminary results show that the QiSA approach is very promising and faster than SA when applied to the portfolio optimization domain. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.