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An Overview of Augmenting AI Application in Healthcare
Artificial intelligence (AI) is showing a paradigm shift in all spheres of the world by mimicking human cognitive behavior. The application of AI in healthcare is noteworthy because of availability of voluminous data and mushrooming analytics techniques. The various applications of AI, especially, machine learning and neural networks are used across different areas in the healthcare industry. Healthcare disruptors are leveraging this opportunity and are innovating in various fields such as drug discovery, robotic surgery, medical imaging, and the like. The authors have discussed the application of AI techniques in a few areas like diagnosis, prediction, personal care, and surgeries. Usage of AI is noteworthy in this COVID-19 pandemic situation too where it assists physicians in resource allocation, predicting death rate, patient tracing, and life expectancy of patients. The other side of the coin is the ethical issues faced while using this technology like data transparency, bias, security, and privacy of data becomes unanswered. This can be handled better if strict policy measures are imposed for safe handling of data and educating the public about how treatment can be improved by using this technology which will tend to build trust factor in near future. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Analogy of Social Entrepreneurship and Community Empowerment: An Inclusive Tourism Approach with Technological Intervention
Destinations overall development is ascertained by its conscious measures toward inclusive engagement with responsible business practices. The social enterprises functioning in the tourism system engage the disadvantaged communities responsibly for economic prosperity and community empowerment. Tourism social entrepreneurship is an innovative mechanism toward social upliftment by enhancing the benefits and contemplating through the core issues of host communities. This chapter focuses on case lets on communities, particularly those located in less-developed regions of India, who encounter various social problems. A sustainable community development through tourism leads economic growth in developing marginalized communities and economically empowers the low-income localities. Technological intervention for community empowerment and better engagement is the need of the hour. It is instrumental to understand the ideology of social entrepreneurial opportunities for community empowerment. Tourism relies on multiple industries and it is challenging in delivering desired community development goals. Adaption of techno-enabled system toward community development can build the entrepreneurship capacity of marginalized communities. Technological interventions for empowering the community toward rural development is the thrust dealt in the proposed chapter. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024. -
Analysing the Ascendant Trend of Veganism: A Comprehensive Study on the Shift towards Sustainable Dietary Choices
Background: Veganism has become a prominent social and culinary movement due to concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and ones own health. Vegans strive to consume only plant-based meals in order to lessen the suffering of animals, stop the environmental damage caused by the animal agriculture sector, and enhance their own health. Objective: This chapter aspires to understand various dynamics of consumer consciousness towards veganism through social media analysis (Twitter) and research opinions. Materials and Methods: This chapter used a qualitative approach and a three-part methodology. Firstly, a literature review examines the impact of veganism on human health, ethical needs and sustainable food choices. Secondly, the authors extracted tweets and analysed them using data visualisation software- NVivo with the essential parameters being themes, sentiment, world map, and word cloud. Results: Sentiment analysis explained consumer perception towards veganism as a storming blackball result of 36.1 present positive insights. Word map analysis describes veganism as a global phenomenon. The third part analysed the Scopus research data and identified food, diet and meat as major themes in veganism. The Scopus database sentimental analysis also re-emphasised the growing positive insights towards it. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significance of veganism as a sustainable dietary choice for addressing urgent global issues while promoting a thoughtful and compassionate approach to eating. It is also emerging as a powerful tool for positive change in preserving and promoting biodiversity. 2024 selection and editorial matter, Mourade Azrour, Jamal Mabrouki, Azidine Guezzaz, Sultan Ahmad, Shakir Khan and Said Benkirane; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Analysis and Prediction of Suitable Model for Coconut Production Estimates in South Indian States
The study attempts to forecast coconut production in major coconut-producing states in India. The future projections on coconut production have been calculated based on yearly data for 73 years (194950 to 202122) accessed from the database of Indiastat (2022). We have used prominent forecasting techniques for the purpose and a suitable model has been chosen based on the lowest results of MAPE. The damped linear trend has been chosen for forecasting coconut production in Karnataka whereas Differenced first-order Auto Regressive model with drift has been adopted for Kerala and Karnataka. This study has considered a large dataset compared to other existing works and has chosen states that produce coconut on a large scale in India. Along with this, this study also attempts to find which state will produce more nuts for the Indian coconut industry, which can help the concerned stakeholders to take necessary decisions. Future projections depict that Kerala will continue to be the largest producer of coconut and Karnataka will show remarkable performance in coconut production during the upcoming four years post-study period. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Analysis of a Fractional Stage-Structured Model With CrowleyMartin Type Functional Response by Lagrange Polynomial Based Method
The dynamics of a stage-structured predator-prey system that replicates interactions between two densities of prey and predator populations were investigated in this work. The adult predator population and the juvenile predator are the two compartments that make up the predator population in the model. The predator relies on both prey and juvenile predator, which is another element of the paradigm that can be termed cannibalism. CrowleyMartin type functional denotes the nature of the interaction between prey and adult predators, while Holling type-I functional response denotes the nature of contact between juvenile and adult predators. The concept of memory is introduced in the form of the Caputo fractional derivative to reflect the complicated dynamics of interaction among the species. As a result, the model is able to incorporate all relevant historical information about the occurrence, from its inception to the desired time, into its calculations. We have also investigated the boundedness and existence and uniqueness of solutions to the proposed model. The condition of existence and stability of various points of equilibrium are investigated. The numerical simulations are performed by using the Lagrange polynomial-based method which is novel in the field of mathematical biology. Simulations have been accomplished to examine the significance of parameters related to cannibalism, the conversion rate from prey to adult predator, harvesting of an adult predator, and growth rate of juvenile predators on the overall behavior of the system. The noteworthy performance of the fractional operator on the anticipated predator-prey models dynamical behavior is well demonstrated by numerical results. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
Analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using various classifiers
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral childhood impairment that wipes away the beauty of the individual from a very young age. Data mining classification techniques which are becoming a very important field in every sector play a vital role in the analysis and identification of these disorders. The objective of this paper is to analyze and evaluate ADHD by applying different classifiers like Nae Bayes, Bayes Net, Sequential Minimal Optimization, J48 decision tree, Random Forest, and Logistic Model Tree. The dataset employed in this paper is the first publicly obtainable dataset ADHD-200 and the instances of the dataset are classified into low, moderate, and high ADHD. The analysis of the performance metrics and therefore the results show that the Random Forest classifier offers the highest accuracy on ADHD dataset compared to alternative classifiers. With the current need to provide proper evaluation and management of this hyperactive disorder, this research would create awareness about the influence of ADHD and can help ensure the proper and timely treatment of the affected ones. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Analysis of impact investment for sustainable development in India
Impact investment is a form of investing the purpose of which is to generate not just financial returns, but positive social or environmental impacts also. The objective of this research is to observe the trends that are being followed in the Indian impact investing landscape and draw the comparisons and/or similarities with the data published by the Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN), a nonprofit organisation committed to expanding the scope of impact investing globally. For the objective of gauging the Indian impact investment movement, primary data was collected through a survey of 238 Indian impact investors, and the data collected was analysed descriptively and compared with secondary data available on the GIIN's website. The insights that are provided by this study shall aid investors as they are encouraged to review the implications for their own strategies and patterns of investing and investigate these actionable measures so as to facilitate a sustained responsible industry growth, improve market transparency, and reinforce the patterns of investment decision-making. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Analysis of Online In-Destination Booking Service Processes in the Travel Industry: A Case Study
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the online in-destination booking service processes within the dynamic landscape of the travel industry. Utilizing a case study approach, the research investigates the various stages involved in providing travel-related services, focusing on the key players. The study employs a quantitative method to assess the information quality, system quality, service quality, customer satisfaction, and purchase intention of online in-destination booking. The research highlights the investigation of the usability of online travel booking systems and identifies the purchase intention of customers towards online travel booking websites. To address the research objectives, the participants are selected using a nonprobability sampling method. The sample size of the study is 225 from in and around Coimbatore. The sampling procedure used is convenience sampling. The sampling is selected based on convenience and accessibility to the residents. The findings reveal that there exists a significant difference in respondents opinions on quality criteria: system quality and service quality. Additionally, the study finds that the loading time of online travel booking websites is positively correlated with quality criteria and features of travel apps. By examining a specific case within the travel sector, this study contributes valuable insights that can inform strategic decision-making for businesses operating in the online in-destination booking space. The results aim to guide industry players in enhancing their operational efficiency, leveraging technology advancements, and aligning their services with evolving customer expectations, ultimately fostering sustainable growth in the competitive travel market. 2024, Bentham Books imprint. -
Analysis of the spread of infectious diseases with the effects of consciousness programs by media using three fractional operators
In this chapter, the mathematical model spread of infectious diseases exemplifying the effects of awareness programs by media is studied with the help of newly proposed fractional operators. The solution for the system of equations exemplifying the model is obtained with the help of the q-homotopy analysis transform technique (q-HATT). The projected method is an elegant amalgamation of the q-homotopy analysis scheme and the Laplace transform. Three fractional operators are employed in this study to show their essence in generalizing the models associated with power-law distribution: kernel singular, nonlocal, and nonsingular. The fixed-point theorem employed to present the existence and uniqueness for the hired arbitrary-order model and converges for the solution is derived with Banach space. The projected scheme springs the series solution rapidly convergent, and it can guarantee the convergence associated with the homotopy parameter. Moreover, for diverse fractional-order, the physical nature has been captured in plots. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Analytical modeling of reconfigurable transistors
A functionally enhanced transistor is a potential candidate for further advancing electronics and Moore's law beyond the classical scaling. This chapter discusses these kinds of multifunctional transistors called reconfigurable field-effect transistor (RFET) and reconfigurable tunnel field-effect transistor (RTFET). The RFET works on the principle of Schottky barrier tunneling, and the RTFET works on the principle of band-to-band tunneling. Both devices can be configured as an n-type and p-type device based on the biasing. This chapter explains the working and performance comparison of RFET and RTFET in detail with the help of technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations. Further, the potential and current models of a single-gated RFET and double-gated RTFET are presented in this chapter. The presented analytical models are compared and verified with TCAD simulations. The potential in the channel regions of RFET and RTFET is modeled by solving a two-dimensional (2D) Poisson's equation. Because the working principle of both devices is different, two different formulas are utilized for modeling the current in the device. The current model for the RFET is developed by integrating Landauer's formula, whereas the current model for RTFET is obtained by integrating band-to-band generation rate over the tunneling volume. The procedure, technique, and assumptions followed to obtain the potential and current models of RFET and RTFET are detailed in this chapter. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Ashish Raman, Deep Shekhar and Naveen Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Analytical Study of Security Enhancement Methods on Diverse Cloud Computing Platforms
Cloud storage is a convenient and virtually limitless storage option for the bulk of data technology is producing in recent times. Data security in cloud is not so robust as data owners need to depend upon the service providers for the safe storage. In this paper, we have identified few broadly used cloud computing paradigms: mobile cloud, cloud-based IoT and multi-tenant cloud. Mobile cloud helps reduce the data storage overhead on the mobile device and give users access to their personal data as and when required through cloud access. Cloud-based IoT helps the network of IoT devices, which is growing exponentially, to create on-demand cloud repositories. Multi-tenant cloud platforms are cloud environment accessed by more than one user. Few recent and related research work which aims at enhanced security from all these three paradigms is discussed and analysed. Encryption and similar network securing methods are used for mobile cloud and cloud-based IoT. For multi-tenant cloud, the objective is to keep the user spaces separate to keep their resources confidential. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Analytics Enabled Decision Making Tracing the Journey from Data to Decisions
In the current business environment, which is greatly dynamic and competitive, business organizations are continually striving for expanding their competence and financial performance through improving almost every facet of their business--product/service quality, customer satisfaction, customer retention, productivity, line filling strategies, and others. In this sense, success and failure of organizations depend on the extent of precision of their decisions. Organizations are engaged with data to extract insights, identify trends and make decisions at different levels; and also, many of them learn how to utilize the power of data. Analytics can enable them to derive conclusions, make predictions, and ascertain actionable insights in a contextual and time-bound manner. It helps to examine data from multiple perspectives and gives visualizations by using different frameworks and platforms such as IBM Watson, Tableau, and R. The chapter presents the role of analytics in decision-making processes and assess the effectiveness of decisions upon their implementation, so the corrective measures can also be inserted. As decision making is a continuous business process, analytics accelerates it and gives organizations a pace to keep updated with changing business scenarios. Thus, this chapter presented a decision-making framework exhibiting how decision-making functions as an ongoing process. Different contexts and cases have been used to establish the relevance of each step of the framework. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
Analyzing Risk-Return Trade-Offs Using ARCH and GARCH Models of the BRICS Countries
This study investigates financial markets in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 2003 to 2023. It examines mean returns, volatility, skewness, and kurtosis, assessing normality and data stationarity. ARCH-GARCH models uncover conditional heteroskedasticity and volatility clustering. It also explores mean reversion and momentum effects in the Nifty and MOEX indices. Findings show negative, near-zero mean returns, except for SSEC, which is modestly positive. Serial correlation suggests past values impact current returns. Volatility varies, with MOEX and SSEC having higher levels. ARCH-GARCH models indicate volatility clustering and non-normal return distributions. Mean reversion and momentum effects are identified in Nifty and MOEX, benefiting investors, financial institutions, and policymakers. This research informs investment strategies, risk management, and financial forecasts in BRICS economies, contributing to the understanding of the global financial landscape and potential contagion effects. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Analyzing the Market Dynamics of Electrical Appliances with a Special Emphasis on Sustainable Electric Energy
This study looks into the market dynamics of electrical appliances with a special emphasis on sustainable electric energy. The research aims to understand how factors such as technological advancements, consumer behavior, and regulatory policies influence the electrical appliances market. By examining the trends and challenges within this sector, the study highlights the growing importance of sustainability in product development and consumer choices. The main areas of focus include the adoption of energy-efficient technologies, the impact of rising household incomes on appliance usage, and the role of government policies and initiatives in promoting sustainable energy consumption. The findings of the study would provide insights into how the industry can align its practices with environmental goals while meeting the evolving needs of consumers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Animal-assisted therapy for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A review
The increase in neurodevelopmental disorders presents the need for complementary and alternative treatment modalities to support well-being in the maximum possible way. This narrative review was conducted with the aim to explore how animal-assisted therapy as a complementary treatment approach is beneficial for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. A search in various databases was conducted to identify articles published in the field of animal-assisted interventions. The review comprised of a total of 32 studies. The discussion of the results was presented in terms of different therapy animals incorporated into the therapeutic environment. The review indicated that animal-assisted therapy has the potential to improve symptoms and various psycho-social variables in individuals suffering from different developmental disabilities. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Ant Colony Systems- Enabled Wireless Network Communication
[No abstract available] -
Anti-biofilm activities of nanocomposites: Current scopes and limitations
The past few decades have seen revolutions in the applications of nanomaterials in different walks of science. One of the significant applications in healthcare is the use of nanoparticles (NP) in killing both free floating and biofilm forming bacteria. Several nanoparticles like CuO, Fe3O4, TiO2, ZnO, MgO and Al2O3 NPs have been proven to achieve this feature with varying efficacies. A more advanced and efficient way to disrupt bacterial biofilms is the use of nanocomposite (NC) materials to eliminate bacteria. Along with various metal oxides, materials like graphene and chitosan can also be used to create various types of NC. One of the biggest advantages of NP and NC over antibiotics is their ability to circumvent the problem of bacterial resistance. The mechanisms by which NC disrupts biofilms, synthesis and characterization of NC and their relative advantages and limitations are discussed in this chapter. With the ever-increasing incidences of diseases caused by multidrug resistant and biofilm forming bacteria, there is an urgent need to devise materials like nanocomposites with a broader spectrum of action. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved. -
Anti-caste Movement and Rise of Dalit Womens Voices from South Asia
There have been cohesive attempts at forging alliance through the sustained efforts of emergent Dalit Civil society network, Dalit academicians and the renaissance of Ambedkarite thought among the Dalit youth around the question of political representation and social justice. This has led to a renewed and greater visibility of caste-based social relations and interactions in the present millennium, which was otherwise, treated as a long-forgotten age-old tradition. The lived experiences of exclusion and atrocities faced by members of the Dalit community especially the violence against women and girls reflect the grim reality of the prevalent casteist and patriarchal society. In this background, the emergence of Dalit Womens collectives raising their voices not just on caste but also on the intersectionality of gender provides a new dimension of analysis based on the critical race theory. Thereby, the attempt has been on forging an alliance and building collective voices. The chapter seeks to highlight the numerous struggles and triumphs along the way made by Dalit Women (also with building alliances with Black Womanists and Feminists Movement) in challenging the way in which feminists discourses have been held leading to rethinking and reimagining womens collectives by way of building solidarities, recognizing the difference of experience and positioning in caste and gender ladder that have influenced access to resources, rights, political representation and decision-making power from the local governance to national level. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023. -
Antibacterial Effect of Phosphorous-Doped Carbon Nanomaterial Derived from Alstonia Venenata
Antibiotics have been widely used as fundamental medicine for several decades to treat various bacterial infections. However, bacteria develop different mechanisms to defeat the action of antibiotics, which has become a significant issue that endangers infectious therapy. To reduce the consumption of antibiotics and thus combat the increasing antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to implement safe and effective alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Though nanomaterials have become an emerging hope in infectious treatments, they have limited application due to aggregation, toxicity issues, and problems related to their dispersibility. However, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) offer high solubility, biocompatibility, and minimum toxicity with their inherent antibacterial properties. The selection of natural precursors as the carbon source is an eco-friendly and economical route for synthesizing antibacterial carbon nanomaterials. In the present work, fluorescent CNMs have been synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of Alstonia venenata leaf extract. The antibacterial capability of the bare extract (AVE), hydrothermally treated extract (AVH), AVH doped with nitrogen (N-AVH), and AVH doped with phosphorous (P-AVH) are tested against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Except for P-AVH, all other samples showed nontoxicity towards the tested bacterial species. In contrast, P-AVH inhibited bacterial growth with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.5 and 2mg/ml on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Antifouling Nanoparticle Coatings for Post-Harvest Food Preservation
The reports of the World Food Preservation Center exhibit that the entire number of inhabitants in the globe will reach 9.6 billion by the year 2050. With the increasing population, there is a growing pressure on agricultural produce which is further amplified by the losses between harvest and retail (~17%) and other wastages (~17%). Globally, this is a major concern, and thus, there is no surprise to look into current research developments in food preservation. This chapter provides comprehensive reports on the recent trends in various nanoparticle coatings for the aforementioned application. Silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano regime coatings on silicon substrate and polymer substrates have been discussed for antifouling applications. This chapter is categorized as follows: Section I delivers the introduction about the significance of food preservation in reference to the reported statistics. In section II, the discussion starts with the materials and methods for post-harvest food saving. Major recent advances in terms of materials or methods to increase the shelf life of cuisine are portrayed in the same section II. Section III entails the appropriate computational methods to envision the interaction of food residuals with coated nanolayers through sensing. The final section (IV) delivers a guideline on feasible research implications to address the shortcomings in food preservation from a broader perspective. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC.