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ICT integration in universities in relation to ict challenges and work motivation of lecturers in harare zimbabwe
This study was ICT integration in universities in relation to ICT challenges and work motivation of lecturers in Harare, Zimbabwe. There exists varying rates of ICT newlineintegration in universities and this has a negative impact on the teaching and learning newlineprocesses. The major aim of the study was to assess the relationship between ICT integration, ICT Challenges and work motivation of lecturers. The findings of the study is expected to show how universities could isolate challenges and tailor-make strategies of overcoming them whilst at the same time getting deeper insight into human behavior in an organisation and its contribution towards ICT integration. The thesis was therefore conducted to match availability of ICTs and their utilization as newlinethis had a direct bearing on the curriculum delivery as well as empowering learners to newlineengage in meaningful, challenging and enlightening tasks since ICTs have the potential to play a powerful role in every university- both inside and outside lecture room/classroom. Institutional responses to ICT influences have inevitably brought about a lot of changes in the teaching / learning processes. The research approach adopted was quantitative. The sample included 200 lecturers drawn from a population of 600 lecturers consisting of two private and four state universities. Harare was conveniently chosen as it is the capital city of Zimbabwe and has the greatest number of state and private universities. Two questionnaires one on ICT integration and another one on ICT challenges were designed by the researcher and the third one on Work Motivation Questionnaire was adopted from Agrawal (1988) and standardized for the Zimbabwean context. The major challenges associated with slow newlineuptake were analysed and assessed in terms of their impact on the teaching and learning newlineprocesses and the motivation of lecturers was also evaluated together with demographic newlinefeatures to find predictors of successful ICT integration in universities. -
Identification and standardization of counsellor competencies for master level counsellor education programs in india
Counselling psychology programs in India have been criticized for being poor replicas of newlineconcepts that have originated in western cultures . The lack of Indian models has been quoted as a drawback indicating that trainees are not necessarily competent to provide effective counselling services. The present study aimed at identifying and standardizing competencies for post graduate counsellor training in India based on local needs.The study employed a mixed methods design with four phases. In the first phase, a list of key occupational tasks were drawn up through a systematic review of literature and interviews with three expert practitioners. The second phase was the development of a counsellor competency list which outlined the various competencies required to fulfil the key occupational tasks determined in the previous stage. Seventy one competencies were identified and the list was then given for newlineexpert validation. In the third phase, the competency list was given to 75 practicing newlinecounsellors across India who rated the competencies on a 5-point likert scale, based on its importance for post graduate counsellor trainees. In the final stage the prioritized competencies were analyzed using a concept development approach to identify core competencies required for master level counselling psychology trainees. The resulting core competencies were three foundational competency domains which included ethical practice, personal and professional development and cultural sensitivity. There were also three newlinefunctional competency domains which included the counselling process, the supervision newlineprocess and the promotion of counselling in India. Specific competencies under each domain were also listed along with behavioral indicators for the same. Thus the core competencies that counsellor trainees must develop to provide an effective service were identified and this has implications for training and practice. -
Identifying 'Self' Through Society : A Socio-Psychological Perspective of A Song of Ice and Fire
The Socio-Psychological Character Analysis Model (SPCAM) is developed to analyse complex literary characters. It helps readers of Literature understand the characters psyche and behaviour by keeping in mind their social background and influences. To develop the literary model, SPCAM, concepts from two theories are synthesised, which are Symbolic Interactionism (SI) and Cognitive newlineBehavioural Theory (CBT). The common threads between the two theories weave them together, and the complementary threads strengthen the developed model. SPCAM studies how characters make meaning while interacting with themselves and others in the society, while also identifying and evaluating their thoughts and beliefs. Using SPCAM helps the user to systematically extract necessary data newlinefrom the text, tabulate it according to the parameters set by the model, and examine the character s internal and external factors, as provided in the text, leading to a comprehensive review of the character and a character conceptualisation. SPCAM helps the users to substantiate their claims about a newlinecomplex character by helping them be more methodical and thorough. The introductory chapter establishes the need and scope of the research. It reviews the benefits of collaborating with Social Psychology for a literary analysis. After which, it defines the theories merged to build the model. The newlinedeveloped model, SPCAM is then explained in detail. This is followed by the rationale for using fantasy fiction, a brief about the author, George R.R. -
Impact of Adoption of Account Aggregator Framework In India
Open banking is closely associated with the Account Aggregator (AA) concept, enabling customers to securely and selectively authorise third-party providers to access their financial information. The AA framework works in tandem to protect client data while facilitating secure data transmission among authorised parties, promoting competition and innovation in the banking industry, and allowing clients to access and use financial services through various channels and platforms. Open banking can increase financial inclusion by allowing third-party developers to access customer data and construct new financial products and services on top of existing bank infrastructure. It can also encourage innovation and competition in the Indian banking sector, which would benefit customers in the long term. Open banking systems face significant challenges, such as weak security, data protection violations, money laundering, and terrorist funding risks. It is crucial to couple the widespread adoption of open banking frameworks with robust data protection and privacy legislation to safeguard customer data and financial information. India is adopting the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019, which proposes establishing a specialized. Data Protection Authority tasked with securing persons' data. Operational and cyber security hazards associated with open banking include data leaks, misuse, falsification, denial of service attacks, and infrastructure failures. To ensure compliance with these laws, financial institutions must implement mechanisms to monitor and manage risks related to open banking. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has developed the Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA) to provide secure and privacy-protected access to personal data. DEPA includes data sharing agreements, consent management, and authentication for third-party developers. While unique to India, DEPA shares similarities with the European Commission's efforts to promote open banking and open finance in the European Union through the Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2). PSD2 mandates that banks across all EU member countries provide API access to third-party payment account information and services. The study highlights the importance of perceived ease of use, trust, and utility in shaping people's attitudes and intentions towards an open banking fram ework. Interestingly, risk has a minimal impact on user adoption. This finding offers valuable insights to developers and marketers, indicating the need to prioritise user-friendly, trustworthy, and effective technologies while mitigating perceived risks to maximise adoption and customer satisfaction. This study attempts to understand better the influence of implementing the Account Aggregator Framework in India, and the sample size chosen comprised clients of the account aggregator framework in India. -
Impact of Behavioural Biases, Emotional Intelligence and Financial Literacy on Financial Behaviour
Behavioural finance is the integration of finance and psychology. Finance pertains to the administration of finances by an individual, while psychology involves the examination of the mind and human conduct. Behavioural finance provides a reasonable explanation for the abnormalities observed in financial markets and the irrational decisions made by investors. The foundation of behavioural finance lies in the irrational choices made by individuals, which elucidates the reasons for investors frequently encountering different biases, emotional filters, and a lack of knowledge when making financial decisions. The primary challenges stem from three critical deficiencies: the investors' inability to express their cognitive and emotional biases, insufficient financial knowledge, and an inability to regulate emotions during financial decision-making. This study investigates the influence of investors' financial literacy, emotional intelligence, and behavioural bias on their financial conduct. Studies have shown that behavioural biases negatively impact financial behaviour. Financial literacy and emotional intelligence have been recognised as critical elements that significantly impact the financial behaviour of salaried class investors. -
Impact of functional inter dependency on employee satisfaction with performance appraisal in real estate industry
Earlier researches have consistently underlined an intrinsic proportionate relationship between the success of an organization and the effort put in by the employees towards the attainment of the set goals for success. An employee with a higher level of job satisfaction tends to be more positively disposed and productive in the work place, than the opposite of it. A positively charged wok atmosphere contributes much to the overall growth of an organization and is the result of the satisfaction newlinelevel enjoyed by employees. One major factor that determines employee satisfaction is the organization s system in place to reward and recognise the employee through performance appraisal. Genuine unbiased performance appraisal tends to bolster the performance of employees. Thus, performance appraisal is one of the most widely researched areas in newlineindustrial/organizational psychology (Murphy and Cleveland, 1995). Recent studies among employees indicate several inadequacies with the current performance appraisal system in use as it does not measure the performance in all directions. Thus, there seems to be a gap that needs exploration. Employee s deliverables depend on external and internal newlinefactors. Functional interdependence is one such internal factor which influences the performance of the employee. However, there is limited knowledge available on the role of interdependency factors in the performance of the employee during the performance review. This article presents a conceptual framework to understand the role of functional newlineinterdependence in the performance appraisal and the satisfaction of the employee whose deliverables are highly functional interdependence. The framework proposes the relationship between the functional newlineinterdependence in the job, fairness in the performance appraisal by considering that interdependence and subsequently the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the employee in performance appraisal. -
Impact of gamification on learning outcomes in organizations
Background Operational Excellence is a philosophy of leadership, teamwork and problem solving, to focus on the needs of the consumer, to empower employees, for ptimizing existing activities, continuous improvement and excellence. It is a competitive advantage which translates increased flexibility to improved consumer responsiveness, and lean management. Quality of care is about patient safety, institutional culture, attitude, clinical performance, clinical freedom with management as facilitators, efficient delivery of quality, high standard services, effective patient outcome, integration of legislation with regards to communities, health service providers, local health authorities and the government (WHO, 2013). The outcome of quality of care is health consumer (patient) satisfaction. High newlineperformance Engagement reflects how employees are engaged in their work, with commitment and passion, rather than mere compliance to impact performance. Health care is a balancing act between business excellence newlineand quality outcomes in practice. It is from the premise of high performance engagement and quality of care provided to health consumers with patient centered focus, the pedestal of success in operational excellence is achieved. Purpose This study focuses on establishing Operational Excellence in relation to High Performance Engagement and Quality of Care among executives in the health care sector. Method A descriptive study was carried out using quantitative method with a sample of 410 health care executives from NABH accredited and nonaccredited hospitals and qualitative analysis among patients in Kerala. Results newlineThe results indicate a positive correlation of operational excellence with high performance engagement and quality of care. The independent variables, high performance engagement and quality of care are significant predictors of operational excellence. -
Impact of Heavy Metals on Growth and Biosynthesis of Important Secondary Metabolites from Mucuna Pruiens (L.) DC and Withania Somnifera (L). DUNAL
Herbal medicine has a long history of utilizing medicinal plants to treat various newlineailments for a long time. However, heavy metal toxicity in herbal medicines has been newlinedocumented. The occurrence of heavy metals in medicinal plants is a consequence of exposure to tainted agricultural sources. The consumption of medicinal plants newlinecontaminated with heavy metals has caused detrimental health implications. On the newlineother hand, plants when subjected to heavy metal stress exhibit changes in secondary newlinemetabolite production. Thus, the assessment of heavy metal stress on plant growth, newlinesecondary metabolite production, and its bioaccumulation must be worked on. The newlinepresent study investigates the effect of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and newlinemercury on germination, growth, biochemical variations, heavy metal accumulation, newlineand biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in two of the most valuables ayurvedic newlinemedicinal plants Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC and Withania somnifera (L). Dunal. The M. pruriens seeds were exposed to 25 -250 ppm Cd and Hg and 200-2000 ppm Pb and the seeds of W. somnifera were exposed to 20-200 ppm Cd, 10-100 ppm Hg and 100-1000 ppm Pb for 21 days to evaluate the LD50 value. M. pruriens showed 50% germination at 150 ppm Cd, 175 ppm Hg, and 1200 ppm Pb. W. somnifera showed newline50% germination at 70 ppm of Hg, 140 ppm Cd and 400 ppm Pb. The LD50 value obtained was used to select the appropriate Cd concentrations for further studies to newlinebe carried out in the polyhouse. The seeds of M. pruriens were sown in soil pretreated newlinewith metals ranging from 50-200 ppm Cd, 25-225 ppm Hg and 400- 1600 ppm Pb, newlinewhereas the two months old W. somnifera were exposed to 40-200 ppm Cd, 20-100 ppm Hg and 200-1000 ppm Pb. The heavy metals impacted the growth of plants and significantly varied biochemical parameters, such as carbohydrate, chlorophyll, flavonoid, protein, proline, phenol, MDA content, metabolite content, and newlineantioxidant activity. -
Impact of Integrated Explicit Instruction on Development of Critical Thinking Skills and Dispositions among Adolescents
Critical thinking is an essential skill that is required for survival in the twenty first newlinecentury. Educational institutions are gearing up to align their curriculum to ensure the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions among their candidates. However, there are few empirical studies that layout a clear road map of instructional strategies for the teaching of critical thinking. Given that adolescents are the most receptive to neurobiological skill and disposition development and that Literature is one of the best platforms that connects to real life, this research uses the educational design research method to develop an Integrated Explicit Instruction (IEI) module that could be used in English classes to teach adolescents critical thinking skills and develop in them critical thinking dispositions. This research not only bridges the gap in an empirically tested instructional strategy to teach critical thinking but also lays the foundation for further longitudinal studies that could measure the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions long term in participants who have been exposed to the intervention. -
Impact of microfinance in socio economic development evidence from south India
The role and impact of microfinance in the socio economic development of the low income people who are not credit worthy has been assessing and exploring by researchers for its sustainable operation and the development of formal financial system. The study explores the socio economic development of microfinance in South India. The objectives are based on variables like financial inclusion, employment and earning opportunities, social inclusion, economic development. social development, personal development. family relationship, economic newlineresilience, social capital, and well-being. The scope of the study is limited to the newlinebeneficiaries of microfinance in four states, namely Andhra Pradesh (undivided),Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The sampling method used in the study is non probability sampling technique of purposive sampling. Both primary and secondary data are used and it is found that microfinance has contributed to financial inclusion, social inclusion and employment and earning opportunities. Besides it has supported substantially social developinent and moderately economic development of the beneficiaries. Further it is noted that it has positive effect on personal development, and family development. Thus it has contributed to develop economic resilience and social capital among low income people which ultimately sustain their well-being, The major findings of the study are: is found that social inclusion, employment and earning opportunity and newlinefinancial inclusion have a significant influence on social development. It is explored that the financial inclusion and employment and earning opportunity can predict the economic development. It is concluded that the financial inclusion and employment and earning opportunity have a significant influence on the family relationship. It is found that the financial inclusion, employment and earning opportunity newlinecan predict the Personal development. It is observed that the personal development newlineand social development can predict the social capital. -
Impact of Social Network Sites on Perception of Sociability and Academic Performance of College Students in Bangalore
The Revolution in ICT has transformed the life and life style, outlook and approach, conditions and quality of life. No sphere of social life is spared from the all pervasive impact and influence of ICT, more so in case of young generation, especially in urban setting owing to their access to internet and online communication and interaction, influencing the patterns of interaction, transactions, exchange and participation. Since the transformation has been overwhelming, swift and all pervasive empirical understanding of the social realities and implications of this development for the social milieu and institutional fabric is rather imperative and indispensable in gaining insights into the intricate and complex aspects of contemporary society. newlineThe thesis probe empirically into the impact of SNS on the perception and performance of youth in pre-university education in an urban setting has contemporary, sociological and applied relevance. The manuscript provides empirical insights into institutional bonds and synergies, circuits and networks that bind the people, especially the youth of today and shape their identity as well as ideologies. newlineThe Thesis organization divided into five major sections. Chapter one introduces the concept, origin, theoretical framework and other related essence of the topic. The second chapter presents a review of literature against the concepts addressed. The third chapter focuses methods, tools and techniques adopted in the study. The fourth chapter presents analysis and presentation of primary data. The fifth chapter gives summery and conclusion to the whole study. Thus, the impact of social network sites and its effect on pre-university student, especially, social and academic activities is indeed worth the research for the future relevance. -
Impact of Station Rotation Model in Enhancing Writing Skills and Academic Performance of Primary School Children
The core pursuit of the research is to evaluate the efficacy of technology-integrated English language instruction using one of the blended learning approaches. The intrusion of technology in education has increased rapidly ever since COVID-19, which altered the spheres of learning and teaching. The cross-section of education and technology has become higher and more robust than before because of the pandemic, which led to the exploration of varied dimensions in technologyintegrated teaching. The field of English language teaching has also undergone a significant transformation due to the advent of technology. The introduction of interactive multimedia tools, online platforms, and language learning applications has enabled educators to engage students newlinein more effective ways. Virtual classrooms have brought about a global connection, breaking geographical barriers and fostering cross-cultural communication. The use of adaptive learning systems and AI-driven newlinelanguage applications has personalised learning experiences, catering to individual needs and pace. Furthermore, technology has provided immersive experiences through virtual and augmented reality, which enhance language acquisition by providing real-life contexts for practice. Thus, technology has diversified teaching approaches and made English language learning more accessible, interactive, and tailored to the needs newlineof diverse learners. However, learners from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds are deprived of these advantages that could newlinehelp in improving their English language proficiency. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of technologybased English language instruction that integrates one of the blended learning approaches for improving the writing skills of primary school students from socio-economically deprived backgrounds who have little newlineor no exposure to English language learning outside of their classrooms. -
Implementation of speech recognizer and synthesizer for the physically challenged
Speech Recognition and Speech Synthesis are two complementary technologies that are used in systems to which the human voice serves as input or output. People with physical, motor disabilities prefer systems that can be driven by their voice than using the strenuous, usual and standard input-output devices such as keyboard, mouse and monitor. Solutions under the umbrella of Assistive Technology are designed to support people with disabilities to overcome the difficulties in handling their diurnal chores. Present-day commercial speech processing systems have received wider customer acceptance, yet not suitable for people with speech disabilities. It is observed that present-day speech recognizers fail to recognize voices with distortions, misrepresentations and deformations. The unintelligibility of the input voice limits the use of off-the-shelf speech processing products by the speech-impaired user community. In such scenarios, the speech processing systems require alterations to become suitable for the specialised user group. Techniques of adaptation are popular in the field of speaker recognition, which can be applied in the domain of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). The main aim of this research is to model a speaker adaptive system for the speech-disabled users with articulation disorders and neurologically-based disorders due to illnesses like cerebral palsy. The problem context for this research work is two-fold: accepting the incomprehensible speech input and transforming the same into a more understandable speech. The first portion is to adapt a speech recognizer and verify the recognition accuracy; the second portion is to substitute the recognized words with a better- comprehensible voice. Due to the medical requirements of the research subjects, collecting and using live speech data of individuals is an onerous task with complex infrastructure. Also, the collection and storage of patients data are restricted by ethical procedures. Hence, the data created by various Universities, following the standard procedures in a noise-free environment are used for this research work. Experiments are conducted on the voice data sets in order to improve the recognition accuracy for speakers uttering individual words. The Speech Recognizer is implemented using Hidden Markov Models and Speech Synthesizer is implemented using a pattern-searching algorithm on a database with text input and voice output (concatenative synthesis). The adaptation techniques, viz., Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (MLLR) and Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) are applied in a pipeline with adjusted language model and pronunciation dictionary. This has reduced the Word Error Rates (WER) of recognizing the incoherent speech. In the process of adaptation, the parameters of the acoustic model of a generic speech recognizer are altered using the feature vectors generated from the training data set applying maximum likelihood linear regression. Parameters of this updated model are then used as informative priors to MAP adaptation. Speech Synthesizer, i.e., the Text-to-Speech system then translates the recognized text into a more-intelligible voice which is clearer to the listeners. The simulation with test data sets measured the effectiveness of the combined algorithm proposed here; it produced improvements in recognition accuracy from 43% (for a speaker with 93% speech intelligibility) to 90% (for a speaker with 2% speech intelligibility). An analysis of the improvement in recognition accuracy and speed of recognition for each speaker reveals that the proposed methodology is more effective for severely dysarthric speakers than those with less speech impairments, making the proposed model socially significant. -
Implications of Goods and Services Tax on Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
This research explores the impact and provides implications of Goods and newlineServices Tax , a comprehensive indirect tax reform on the growth of Indian newlineMSMEs, the fundamental drivers of economic progress and employment in India. newlineThe purpose is to assess the relationships and impact of the knowledge of GST, newlineInput tax credit (ITC), Revenue neutral rate (RNR), and GST compliance on the newlinegrowth of Indian MSMEs. Also, the research focuses on the interceding role of GST newlinecompliance in the relationship between GST knowledge, ITC, RNR and MSMEs newlinegrowth, as well as to discover facets that impede the implementation of effective newlinetax policies, particularly in the context of MSMEs. This study is based on a Crosssectional Survey with 531 MSME participants who are registered under Regular newlinescheme. Structural Equation Modelling - Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) in newlineSmart PLS4 was utilized to examine the relationships amongst the variables, assess newlinethe impact of each variable on the outcome variable, either directly or indirectly and newlineto test the research hypotheses. The results show, GST knowledge, ITC, and RNR newlinehave significant positive effects on GST compliance and on perceived growth of newlineMSMEs. Also, the study found, GST compliance has a complementary partial newlinemediating role in the relation between these factors and perceived growth of newlineMSMEs. Furthermore, GST knowledge, ITC, and RNR have positive effect on newlineperceived MSMEs satisfaction with the GST system. But, the effect of GST newlineknowledge and ITC on perceived satisfaction of MSMEs through GST Compliance newlinewas not significant. This hints that, while knowledge of GST and ITC are important, newlinecomplications in claiming ITC and burdensome compliance requisites can newlineunpleasantly impact compliance and satisfaction with GST. The study also newlineobserved significant variations in perceptions of GST knowledge, ITC, RNR, GST newlineCompliance, MSMEs satisfaction, and MSMEs growth across different newlinedemographic variables. -
Improved Deep Learning Model for Detection and Classification of Pneumonia from X-Ray Images
Pneumonia is a severe respiratory disease that can lead to inflammation, fluid accumulation in lungs and breathing difficulties, which needs immediate and accurate diagnosis. Chest X-Ray images are a necessary tool to diagnose pneumonia because manual interpretation poses challenges, particularly for radiologists with less expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has become a significant in the field of pneumonia detection within chest X-Ray images in recent years. This research presents SarNet, a neural network model developed for the identification of pneumonia in chest X-Ray images. The study involved the compilation of dataset containing chest X-Ray images categorized as normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19 pneumonia cases, each accompanied by appropriate annotations. This dataset was employed as the basis for training and assessing SarNet's performance, underscoring its promise in transforming the diagnosis of pneumonia. SarNet proved highly effective, achieving good accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity compared to traditional diagnostic methods. The model's simplicity, with 41 layers, strikes a balance between depth and computational complexity, enhancing efficiency and ensuring accurate pneumonia detection. Furthermore, the study expanded its scope to include COVID-19 pneumonia detection. SarNet achieved an accuracy of 99.15% in binary classification and 94.9% in multiclass classification, including healthy, pneumonia, and COVID-19 pneumonia cases. -
Improvised process model for prediction of software development effort by integration of risk
Software development involves usage of a finite quantum of resources in accordance with the estimated effort and schedule. The newlineSoftware Development Lifecycle comprises activities pertaining to software engineering. The software engineering activities could be carried out using any of the various models available in practice. The newlineprocess of estimating size and effort accurately is vital in a software project since it could influence the success of the project. However, the realistic estimation of time and resources required for a project newlinecontinues to be a challenge. Risks exist in any software project, and hence Risk management is required to be considered across various processes throughout the project. The risks could be quantified by newlinearriving at the risk score based on the probability of occurrence of the risk and its impact. This research focused on the aspect that risk factors need to be considered in software effort estimation. A total of 503 newlinesoftware projects were considered, and from this dataset, projects which had risk score information were extracted and utilized for further analysis. This research work proposed an improvised effort estimation process by including risk scores in the standard estimation process. It also analysed the relationship existing between risk score in the project and other parameters considered in the effort estimation process. Regression analysis that was done on the dataset revealed an improvement in the model fitment by inclusion of risk score. An ensemble machine learning approach was utilized through deployment of Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm. This algorithm was chosen newlineafter a model selection process by comparing various algorithmic models. The results indicated a better model fit by including risk as one of the parameters in the effort estimation process. A validation for the newlineproposed risk-integrated effort estimation model was done through responses from industry practitioners to a research instrument. -
In Service Teachers' Diffrentiated Instructional Strategy and Students' Reflective Thinking and Empowered Learning
Every educational program aims at the comprehensive growth and development of learners. Education policymakers and teachers who are part of any education system have a pivotal role in providing an environment that empowers learners. Thinking pervades all spheres of human action and the ability to think reflectively differentiates man from other animals. Psychological theories have proved that, in a classroom, each learner is unique and has different learning profiles, i.e., learning style, intelligence preference, culture and gender. Therefore, one- sized curriculum doesn't fit all. This research was conducted to measure the influence of differentiated instructional strategy of in-service- teachers as a pedagogy on students' reflective thinking and empowered learning. The researcher developed and standardized a module of 16 lesson plans on English grammar and poetry integrating essential components of reflective thinking and empowered learning into differentiated instruction. Randomly selected samples of this research consisted of 100 students of standard 9, boys and girls, from an English medium ICSE school in the urban district of Bangalore. After a try-out of a few lessons on 25 samples, the researcher taught the lessons through differentiated instruction within 3 months. Through control and experimental groups, pre-test and post-test design, data were collected through 2 measuring tools (1) a questionnaire to measure the level of reflective thinking and (2) Learner empowerment measure. Data analysis of the pre and post-test scores of the experiment group shows a significant impact of differentiated instruction on all four components of reflective thinking of students, i.e., Habitual Action, Understanding, Reflection and Critical Reflection; and on the components of empowered learning of students, i.e., Meaningfulness, Competence, Impact and Choice irrespective of the difference in the gender. The results indicate that differentiated instruction could be implemented in schools as an instructional method to include all types of students and respect their diversity.