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Exact and statistical computations of radiated flow of nano and Casson fluids under heat and mass flux conditions
The statistical and exact analysis of the unsteady radiative flow of Nano and Casson fluids past a vertical plate with Dufour effect is carried out. The heat transport phenomenon is studied under uniform heat flux (UHF) and uniform wall temperature (UWT) conditions. The exact solution to the problem is found using the Laplace transform method (LTM). The effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are examined via graphs. The heat transfer rate and skin friction are analyzed through statistical tools like probable error and regression. The Dufour effect enhances the velocity and temperature profiles. It is also observed that the velocity profile is slightly greater in the case of UWT than the UHF case for both nanofluid and Casson fluid. From the regression analysis, it is established that the Dufour number and nanoparticle volume fraction have a negative impact whereas the radiative heat parameter has a positive impact on the rate of heat transfer. 2019 Society for Computational Design and Engineering -
Heat transport in the flow of magnetized nanofluid over a stretchable surface with heat sources: A mathematical model with realistic conditions
Analyzing the heat transport of nanofluids is of prime importance to various industrial and engineering sectors which involves modeling the physical phenomena via highly nonlinear partial differential equations. In this study, the flow and heat transport of a nanoliquid on a bi-directionally elongating surface subject to two different heat modulations (linear temperature-related heat source and space-related exponential heat source) is investigated using the two-component Buongiorno nanoliquid model. The dynamics of the nanoliquid are altered by an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the sheet. The impact of Brownian motion, Lorentz forces, and thermophoresis are analyzed under the realistic passive control of the nanoparticles. A comparative analysis of the flow over the linear and nonlinear drawn surface is presented. Numeric solutions for the governing partial differential system are obtained through the finite difference method (FDM). Among two types of heat source modulations, the maximum heat transport is observed in the presence of the exponential space-based heat source modulation. The flow and thermal fields are found to advance in the linear elongated surface flow than the nonlinear elongated flow. Furthermore, the random movement of the nanoparticles and the greater magnitude of the Lorentz force have a positive effect on the thermal enhancement in the nanoliquid system. The results of the study have applications in heating/cooling processes, nanoliquid-dependent structures, and thermal systems with stretchable materials. 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
BUSINESS RESPONSES TOWARDS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC; [RESPOSTAS DAS EMPRESAS EM RELAO RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA E METAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTEL DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19]
Objective: In India, incorporating structural transformation in corporate social responsibility for achieving sustainable development goals in the Covid-19 Pandemic has become a priority. Therefore, the present article aims to review the corporate social responsibility activities conducted by Nine Indian companies (two public sector organizations and seven private sector organizations) towards attaining Sustainable Development Goals in times of global pandemic. To explore CSR activities performed by the Indian companies (both public and private) in recent times of crisis of covid-19. To assess the impact of Covid-19 on the economic, social, and technological environment of Indian Companies in recent times. Method: For our research, we chose India since it was one of the earliest and worst-hit countries during the recent pandemic. Even though huge Asian corporations are a minority, It is a good fit for our study goal for various reasons. Less and medium-sized businesses, on the other hand, have a far smaller influence on society, Due to their prominence in the press, clients or consumers are more likely to provide feedback if they are proactive. As a second point, major companies have greater resources (e.g., human and financial) to spend on reporting and distributing social and environmental information. The existing study applied bibliometric analysis in the exploratory research. The data collection done through secondary sources in which articles extracted with the use of PRISMA flowchart. Result: The study's findings state that most selected Indian Companies spend Rupees 50-1000 crores as corporate social responsibility activities and contribute to the Pradhan Mantri Relief Fund as a business response to face challenges in times of pandemic. Moreover, private companies spend more on CSR activities than public companies in India. The study provides suggestions to the government to make the corporate social responsibility activities compulsory for all the profitable companies so that country can maintain a corporate pool of contingent funds that can utilize to meet such times of critical circumstances. Conclusion: Companies are taking steps to ensure the safety and protection of their personnel. This has been reflected in corporate social responsibility initiatives as well. Corporate social responsibility efforts must include pushing for and facilitating access to health insurance programmes and other equity indicators as a result. 2023 The Author(s). -
A Novel Back-Propagation Neural Network for Intelligent Cyber-Physical Systems for Wireless Communications
Wireless sensor networks, which play a significant role in monitoring complex environments that change rapidly over time, were used in the Artificial Intelligence method. External factors or the device designers themselves are both responsible for this complex behavior. Sensor networks often use machine learning techniques to adapt to such conditions, eliminating the need for excessive redesign. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) appeared as the promising option for improving physical-virtual interactions. The quality of the system containing processing information is primarily determined by the system function. There are many benefits obtained while combining Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in buildings. In CPS-based indoor environment has various design schemes containing measurement and intelligent buildings in the control system consisting of detection, tracking, execution, and communication modules. The Multi-Agent System (MAS) is the smallest control unit that simulates among neurons and it flexibly provides the information. To mimic the interactions between human neurons, multi-agents are used. In this paper, the CPSs information world is built on the fundamental principle of granular formal concepts and the theory of granular computing is investigated. The calculation module is used by Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) for pattern recognition and classification by environmental information. Various parameters namely the normalized root mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, and the mean absolute error are chosen as the objective assessment criteria to assess the benefits of the proposed method and the effectiveness of the proposed system is proven. 2024 IETE. -
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclopentadithiophene and Thienothiophene-Based Polymers for Organic Thin-Film Transistors and Solar Cells
Novel donor-donor type alternating copolymers (8CDT-TT and 16CDT-TT) derived from cyclopentadithiophene (CDT) and thienothiophene (TT) moieties that differ from solubilizing side chains were successfully synthesized and characterized. After the synthesis of CDT-TT-based conjugated polymers with dioctyl and dihexadecyl side chains, their optical, thermal, structural and semiconducting properties were investigated. Organic thin-film transistors fabricated from 8CDT-TT and 16CDT-TT exhibit carrier mobilities as high as 3.920-4 and 1.050-3 cm2V-1s-1, respectively. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated using a polymer:PCBM blend ratio of 1:3 exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 2.12 and 1.84% for 8CDT-TT and 16CDT-TT, respectively. 2018, The Polymer Society of Korea and Springer Nature B.V. -
Simulation and Experimental Analysis of L-Section in Reinforced Cement Concrete: Uncertainties in Performance and Strength
The design and construction of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) flooring play a crucial role in the overall stability of a structure, particularly in regions prone to tectonic activity. RCC floors comprise various beams, including intermediate T-sections and specific L-sections at critical points such as corners and around staircases or lift openings. This paper identifies a key challenge in building frameworks to resist tectonic loads. It further explores the components of the structure that provide potential for interruption, capability, and the safe transfer of tectonic loading to the array connection, all while maintaining sufficient strength. The L-sections were experimented on using various grades of concrete and sizes to reinforce connections under diverse loading conditions. L-sections contribute to reducing floor height, solving economic and technical problems, and creating advanced composite connections that integrate the proposed structural system. The analysis was conducted both analytically and experimentally to assess methods to resist earthquake forces based on stiffness, building strength, and elasticity capacity. These approaches have been identified to safeguard buildings during substantial seismic events. The development of the L-section is detailed, highlighting the loading process and the capacity to overcome various structural challenges. 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Murraya koenigii extract blended nanocellulose-polyethylene glycol thin films for the sustainable synthesis of antibacterial food packaging
Non-biodegradable plastics are a worldwide problem that have a negative impact on all living things, including humans. Nanocellulose, an excellent biopolymer is known for their increasing uses in food, healthcare, cosmetics, and various other fields. Nanocellulose is readily biodegradable, bioderived, and useful for creating innovative bioplastics that are employed in the production of food packaging and wound dressing. Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) belongs to the rutaceae family and has many health benefits. Synthesis of Murraya koenigii incorporated nanocellulose thin films, and its characterisation using FT-IR, and XRD is discussed in detail. The source of nanocellulose in this study is sugar cane bagasse, an easily available agricultural residue in Kerala. Also, a biocompatible plasticizer is utilised to produce antibacterial packaging for food. The synthesised nanocomposites showed non-toxicity against THP1-derived macrophage cells and significant antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria suggesting the possible application as a viable alternative for food packaging materials. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Performance of second law in Carreau fluid flow by an inclined microchannel with radiative heated convective condition
This investigation addresses the novel characteristics of entropy production in the fully-developed heat transport of non-Newtonian Carreau fluid in an inclined microchannel. The physical effects of Roseland thermal radiation and viscous heating are included in the energy equation. The no-slip boundary condition for velocity and convective type heating boundary conditions for temperature are also accounted. Mathematical modeling included the non-Newtonian Carreau fluid model. The dimensionless two-point boundary value problem acquired from governing equations via dimensionless variables. The nonlinear system is tackled by using the Finite Element Method. A detailed discussion of the significance of effective parameters on Bejan number, entropy generation rate, temperature and velocity is presented through graphs. Our analysis established that the entropy generation is reduced at the left and right phase of the channel while the Bejan number is improved at both phases of the channel and is maximum at the center of channel by the incrementing values of Weissenberg number. 2020 Elsevier Ltd -
Heat transfer and entropy generation analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow through vertical microchannel with convective boundary condition
The entropy generation and heat transfer characteristics of magnetohydro-dynamic (MHD) third-grade fluid flow through a vertical porous microchannel with a convective boundary condition are analyzed. Entropy generation due to flow of MHD non-Newtonian third-grade fluid within a microchannel and temperature-dependent viscosity is studied using the entropy generation rate and Vogels model. The equations describing flow and heat transport along with boundary conditions are first made di-mensionless using proper non-dimensional transformations and then solved numerically via the finite element method (FEM). An appropriate comparison is made with the pre-viously published results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem. The comparison confirms excellent agreement. The effects of the Grashof number, the Hartmann number, the Biot number, the exponential space-and thermal-dependent heat source (ESHS/THS) parameters, and the viscous dissipation parameter on the temperature and velocity are studied and presented graphically. The entropy generation and the Bejan number are also calculated. From the comprehensive parametric study, it is recognized that the production of entropy can be improved with convective heating and viscous dissipation aspects. It is also found that the ESHS aspect dominates the THS aspect. Shanghai University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019. -
Irreversibility analysis of the MHD Williamson fluid flow through a microchannel with thermal radiation
The heat transport and non-Newtonian fluid (Williamson fluid) flow through a micro-channel are considered to analyze the entropy generation minimization using the thermodynamic second law. The energy equations have been modeled with the addition of joule heating, heat source, and thermal radiation. The use of suitable dimensionless transformation helps to convert the modeled flow equations into non-dimensional coupled ODEs. The numerical simulations are done via the Finite Element Method. The current outcomes are constructed to examine the behavior of various flow parameters and presented via graphs. It is found that the rise of heat source and Reynolds number Re decays/boosts the entropy rate Ns and the Bejan number Be profile near the left/right plate, and reverse behavior is noticed for the thermal radiation parameter. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Coloring of n-inordinate invariant intersection graphs
In the literature of algebraic graph theory, an algebraic intersection graph called the invariant intersection graph of a graph has been constructed from the automorphism group of a graph. A specific class of these invariant intersection graphs was identified as the n-inordinate invariant intersection graphs, and its structural properties has been studied. In this article, we study the different types of proper vertex coloring schemes of these n-inordinate invariant intersection graphs and their complements, by obtaining the coloring pattern and the chromatic number associated. 2024 The Author(s) -
Numerical study on magnetohydrodynamics micropolar Carreau nanofluid with Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect
The current work explores the investigation of the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation on unsteady, magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer flow of micropolar Carreau nanofluid past a stretching sheet. Viscous dissipation, internal heating, Brownian motion, heat source/sink, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, and Joule heating effects are considered in the study. To analyze the model, the governing partial differential equations are rephrased and written in the non-dimensional form with the relevant dimensionless quantities. To obtain the solutions, the nonlinear non-dimensional governing equations are numerically solved using finite difference approximation. The impact of every significant flow parameter on fluid motion, micro-rotation, temperature, concentration, surface drag, heat, and mass transfer rates are presented through plotted graphs and tables. It is noted from the study that the fluid flow and angular motion increase, whereas the temperature declines with higher values of the micropolar constant. Further, it is noticed that thermal distribution is a rising function of radiation parameter, and due to the nonlinear thermal radiation effect, there is an increase of 4.903% in temperature distribution when compared to linear thermal radiation. To support the validity of the solutions, a comparison was made with notable results from the existing literature for the specific case of this study. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Assessment of SERVQUAL Model in Hospitals Located in Tier II Cities of India
Service quality, being an assessment of services offered to a customer or the extent to which the services offered meets customers expectations, plays a significant role in healthcare industry. Patients pay hefty prices for the services they avail from specialty hospitals and they demand quality services. Hospitals have a larger challenge in delivering these services effectively to the patients. The current study helps us understand the role of information systems in service delivery process. Most of the hospitals have adopted healthcare information systems due to the benefit it provides. The study attempts to analyze the impact of information systems on service quality in the hospitals which are located in Tier II cities. The popular SERVQUAL model is adopted for this purpose. Patients who visit the hospitals were part of the respondent group. Gap score is found in order to observe the expected and actual experience of the patients based on five dimensions. 2018, 2018 Indian Institute of Health Management Research. -
Electrospun nanofibers of 2D Cr2CTx MXene embedded in PVA for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
The usage of transition metal carbide-based electrocatalysts has proven to be an efficient and effective strategy for enhancing the kinetics of water splitting reactions encompassing the generation of hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) and oxygen (oxygen evolution reaction, OER). In this investigation, we have prepared a composite material by integrating Cr2CTx MXene (derived from Cr2AlC MAX phase) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through electrospinning technique. Carbonization of the MXene-PVA nanofibers resulted in the formation of Cr2CTx/carbon nanofiber (Cr2CTx/CNF) that exhibits high porosity, stability, surface area, and electrocatalytic activity. Systematic examination and optimization for the electrocatalytic water splitting reaction reveales outstanding performance, characterized by substantially lower overpotentials of 265 mV and 250 mV at the constant current density of 10 mA cm?2 with lower Tafel slope values of 85 mV dec?1 and 52 mV dec?1 for HER and OER, respectively. Moreover, this work presents a novel strategy for fabricating non-precious electrocatalyst Cr2CTx/CNF through a cost-effective and straightforward electrospinning and carbonization process, advancing electrocatalytic water splitting applications, especially for oxygen evolution reactions. 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Cloud Intrusion Detection Using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks
Instead of storing data on a hard drive, cloud computing is seen as the best option. The Internet is used to deliver three different kinds of computing services to users all over the world. One advantage that cloud computing provides to its customers is greater access to resources and higher performance while at the same time increasing the risk of an attack. Intrusion detection systems that can handle a large volume of data packets, analyse them, and generate reports based on knowledge and behaviour analysis were developed as part of this research. As an added layer of protection, the Convolution Neural Network Algorithm is used to encrypt data during end-to-end transmission and to store it in the cloud. Intrusion detection increases the safety of data in the cloud. In this paper demonstrates the data is encrypted and decrypted using a model of an algorithm and explains how it is protected from attackers. It's important to take into account the amount of time and memory required to encrypt and decrypt large text files when evaluating the proposed system's performance. The security of the cloud has also been examined and compared to other existing encoding methods. 2024, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Does environmental policy stringency improve nature's health in BRICS economies? Implications for sustainable development
In our groundbreaking exploration, we meticulously delve into the relationship between environmental policy stringency, international trade dynamics, and financial openness within the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) spanning from 1996 to 2021. With a focus on critical variables such as economic growth and technological innovation, our empirical findings challenge conventional wisdom. Surprisingly, we found that those stringent environmental policies, when standing alone, do not invariably lead to reduce CO2 emissions. Equally interesting is our startling discovery that the anticipated moderating influence of environmental policy stringency, catalyzed by trade and foreign direct investment, on the well-being of our environment does not materialize; contrarily, both trade and foreign direct investment moderating channels exhibit unanticipated positive correlations with CO2 emissions. These revelations provoke us with the presence of a "pollution haven" phenomenon within the BRICS economies. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that, when examined individually, trade and foreign direct investment also appear to contribute to elevated emission levels. These findings provide a resolute solution to our research quandary, underlining the indispensable requirement for cutting-edge and robust environmental policies. These policies must possess the prowess to effectively counteract the adverse environmental consequences stemming from the amalgamation of global trade and financial integration. In doing so, they shall propel BRICS nations toward a future firmly grounded in principles of sustainability and ecological integrity. 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
A reliable inter-domain routing framework for autonomous systems using hybrid Blockchain
Inter-domain networks face several routing challenges, such as security, scalability, and reliability concerns in existing BGP-based systems. These challenges are exacerbated by the increasing number of interconnected networks and the lack of a standardized approach for routing data between them. Hybrid Blockchain-based framework has proposed for inter-domain routing in autonomous systems in this research. The framework combines the use of traditional routing protocols with the distributed ledger technology of Blockchain. It leverages the salient features of both to create a more secure and efficient routing framework. The Blockchain component provides a decentralized and tamper-proof ledger for storing routing information, while the traditional routing protocols handle the actual exchange of data between autonomous systems. The framework is designed to enhance the security of inter-domain routing by incorporating the use of digital signatures and information sharing among participating autonomous systems. Each participating system maintains a copy of the distributed ledger and can verify the authenticity of routing information using digital signatures. It ensures that only legitimate and authorized data is transmitted between autonomous systems, mitigating the risk of malicious attacks or illegitimate routing. The proposed framework obtained 87.73 % Route calculation Speed, 90.41 % Route filtering, 93.77 % Fault tolerance, 94.10 % Load balancing, 95.54 % Hop count, 95.13 % bandwidth consumption, 93.94 % Security Management and 96.29 % Convergence time. The framework employs a consensus mechanism for updating and validating the routing information, ensuring consistency and accuracy in the routing decisions. It also reduces the reliance on a single central authority and distributes the decision-making process among participating systems. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Sonochemical assisted impregnation of Bi2WO6 on TiO2 nanorod to form Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production
In this work, Bi2WO6/TiO2 nanorod heterojunction was prepared by sonochemical assisted impregnation method. After loading 2 wt% Bi2WO6 on TiO2 nanorods, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 2026 mol/h/g was achieved. Compared to commercial P25 and TiO2 nanorods, ?13 and ?3 folds enhanced activity was observed. The excellent photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6/TiO2 nanorod photocatalyst was mainly attributed to i) reduction of bandgap due to heterojunction formation, ii) quick transport of photogenerated charge carriers, and iii) efficient charge carrier separation supported by UV-DRS, photocurrent measurement, Impedance study, and photoluminescence spectra analysis. The Z-scheme band alignment for Bi2WO6/TiO2 nanorod heterojunction was proposed based on the Mott-Schottky measurement. This result demonstrated the effective utilization of Z-scheme heterojunction of Bi2WO6/TiO2 for photocatalytic reduction application. 2021 The Society of Powder Technology Japan -
Flow and heat transport of nanomaterial with quadratic radiative heat flux and aggregation kinematics of nanoparticles
A numerical study of flow and heat transport of nanoliquid with aggregation kinematics of nanoparticles is carried out using the modified Buongiorno model (MBM). The MBM model is composed of random motion nanoparticles, heat diffusion of nanoparticles, and effective properties of nanoliquids. The effects of quadratic variation of density-temperature (quadratic convection), and the quadratic Rosseland thermal radiation are also studied. Inclined magnetism is also taken into account. The aggregation kinematics of nanoparticles is simulated using the modified Krieger-Dougherty model for dynamic viscosity and the modified Maxwell model for thermal conductivity. The main system of nonlinear partial differential equations is solved using the similarity technique and the finite difference method-based algorithm (FDM). The consequence of several key parameters on velocity, nanoparticle volume fraction, wall heat flux, and temperature are found in two cases, namely weak convective heating and strong convective heating. The study reveals that the suspension of the nanoparticles increases the thermal conductivity and, thus, improves the temperature and reduces the heat flux at the plate. The structures of the thermal and velocity surface layer are higher in the case of strong convective heating, while in the case of weak convective heating, the nanoparticle volume fraction layer is thicker. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
Magnetohydrodynamic flow of Carreau liquid over a stretchable sheet with a variable thickness: The biomedical applications
Purpose: The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow problems are important in the field of biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, inductive heat treatment of tumours, MHD-derived biomedical sensors, micropumps for drug delivery, MHD micromixers, magnetorelaxometry and actuators. Therefore, there is the impact of the magnetic field on the transport of non-Newtonian Carreau fluid in the presence of binary chemical reaction and activation energy over an extendable surface having a variable thickness. The significance of irregular heat source/sink and cross-diffusion effects is also explored. Design/methodology/approach: The leading governing equations are constructed by retaining the effects of binary chemical reaction and activation energy. Suitable similarity transformations are used to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Subsequent nonlinear two-point boundary value problem is treated numerically by using the shooting method based on RungeKuttaFehlberg. Graphical results are presented to analyze the behaviour of effective parameters involved in the problem. The numerical values of the mass transfer rate (Sherwood number) and heat transfer rate (Nusselt number) are also calculated. Furthermore, the slope of the linear regression line through the data points is determined in order to quantify the outcome. Findings: It is established that the external magnetic field restricts the flow strongly and serves as a potential control mechanism. It can be concluded that an applied magnetic field will play a major role in applications like micropumps, actuators and biomedical sensors. The heat transfer rate is enhanced due to Arrhenius activation energy mechanism. The boundary layer thickness is suppressed by strengthening the thickness of the sheet, resulting in higher values of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. Originality/value: The effects of magnetic field, binary chemical reaction and activation energy on heat and mass transfer of non-Newtonian Carreau liquid over an extendable surface with variable thickness are investigated for the first time. 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.