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Globalisation, Privacy, and Data Protection A Glimpse of Changing Contours from a Human Rights Perspective
Though the union government made efforts to protect the data of individuals with the introduction of the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 and subsequently with the enactment of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, there are various lacunae which still need to be resolved. Against this background, the right to privacy and data protection in a globalised world is discussed, along with the need to bring about reforms for the effective implementation and protection of the same. 2023 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
God has signed: Nature, divinity and mysticism in the poetry of Kuvempu
Kuvempu wrote a large number of poems on the mysteries of nature. Kuvempu hails from the heart of Western Ghats and he spent his childhood and youth exploring the forests around his house. Untrammelled nature was both mysterious and beautiful; hence nature turned out to be a primary inspiration to write poetry. Kuvempu looks outward, seeking to comprehend the oneness of all in nature through his senses. But he is also struck by the inability to comprehend and explain nature through senses. Often he expresses his awe at natural sights such as dawn (which appears to him as a God's signature) or the greenery of Western Ghats (which seems to have painted everything in nature in green, including poet's soul and the blood in the stomach). This leads Kuvempu to resort to mysticism in order to relate, comprehend and sing about nature. He sees in nature the divine presence. The paper will analyze poems such as Devaru Rujumadidanu, Ba Phalguna Ravidarshanake, and Prakriti Upasane, and explore the poetic perception of nature as divine through mysticism. 2014 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (Dharmaram Vidya Kshetram, Bangalore). -
Going Organic: Empirical Study on Awareness of Organic and Aquaponically Grown Vegetables
In a world of constantly changing dynamics of lifestyle and health-culture, it has become necessary for individuals to constantly keep a check on their diet and its contents. Increasing levels of pollution and stress negatively affects both, the health and longevity of an individual. Owing to a decline in average health, more and more people today have started looking for alternatives that could make their diet cleaner and healthier. One such alternative identified is organic produce, which is 100% chemical free, and therefore healthier than conventionally produced food products. However, organic produce is highly expensive, making it less attractive to the masses. Aquaponics, is one such technique of producing organic vegetables in a sustainable manner, thereby reducing its cost. This paper aims to understand the awareness levels of Aquaponics as a technique of organic agriculture. The study performs various tests in order to understand the levels of awareness of Aquaponically grown organic produce within the country. The findings of the study prove that factors such as the prices of organic vegetables, their availability and brand recognition play a major role in influencing the purchase decision made by consumers. On the other hand, factors such as education levels of the consumers or their income levels do not have a major impact on their purchase patterns of organic vegetables. Further analysis revealed that greater awareness about Aquaponics in general, and increased production of organic vegetables through Aquaponics also has a positive impact on the purchase of such vegetables. 2020 International Farm Management Association and Institute of Agricultural Management. -
Gold jewellery making and migrant labour force in Kerala
The extent of the gold jewellery market in Kerala has widened and consumption patterns have drastically altered. The increasing presence of migrant workers in the industry is a direct consequence of the deregulation of the gold industry in the early 1990s. While resorting to a labour process framework, this paper elucidates the process of recruitment and the composition of workforce. The empirical data is based on the findings and observations gathered through intensive fieldwork conducted during the course of three years, from 2010 to 2013, in the gold jewellery making industry in Thrissur and Kozhikode districts. This work also relies on a larger data set, the Inter-State Migrant Survey conducted by the Centre for Development Studies in 2012, which collected data on migrant workers from four districts of Kerala. 2019 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
Gold jewellery making and migrant labour force in Kerala /
Economic & Political Weekly, Vol.54, Issue 28, pp.106-113, ISSN No: 2349-8846. -
Gold vs Gold Exchange Traded Funds: An Empirical Study in India
This study aim of this is to estimate the relationship between gold and Gold Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) and the performance of Gold ETFs in India by using various statistical models. The data for the study covers a period of three years from 2015 to 2018. The data was collected from the National Stock Exchange database and other sources. The outcome of this study was to find out whether there is a relationship between gold and Gold ETFs. It was found out that Gold ETFs has more returns than the physical gold; Axis ETF performed the best among those Gold ETFs selected for the study. This study will be beneficial for the market researchers and investors who find the best opportunities in the Gold ETFs. 2019 EA. All rights reserved. -
Good-looking step in bad direction RBI Internal Working Group proposal
Learning outcomes: After discussing this case, the authors expect that the students will have the following learnings: critically analyse the latest Reserve Bank of India (RBI) banking proposal, which was proposed by the Internal Working Group (IWG) in November 2020. Understand concepts such as connected lending, crony capitalism and financial crisis. Have a basic idea about the Banking Regulations Act, 1949 and regulatory framework in the Indian banking sector. Case overview/synopsis: This case is an analysis of the recent RBI proposal on banking regulations in India. The authors have referred secondary data in terms of published papers by stalwarts and experts in the banking and economics field. This case analyses the pros and cons of the IWG proposal to RBI governing body. The case also touches upon interesting banking and macroeconomics concepts. What makes this case interesting is that RBI is open to receive comments from all the stakeholders till January 2021. Complexity academic level: Applicable to undergraduate and postgraduate students studying banking and finance specialisation in commerce and business management streams. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 1: Accounting and Finance. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Goodness of fit test for Rayleigh distribution with censored observations
We develop new goodness of fit tests for Rayleigh distribution based on fixed point characterization. We use U-Statistic theory to derive the test statistics. First we develop a test for complete data and then discuss, how the right censored observations can be incorporated in the testing procedure. The asymptotic properties of the test statistic in both uncensored and censored cases are studied in detail. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed tests. We illustrate the procedures using real data sets. We also provide, a goodness of fit test for the standard Rayleigh distribution based on jackknife empirical likelihood. 2023, Korean Statistical Society. -
Government is trying but consumers are not buying: A barrier analysis for electric vehicle sales in India
It is a harsh fact that the introduction of various government schemes to push electric vehicle (EV) utilisation does not seem to appeal to the consumers. There are a few barriers that prevent consumers from purchasing EVs. Thus, in the present study, we have tried to identify and analyse the prominent barriers to the adoption of EVs by scrutinising the existing literature and defining new barriers. From the literature review, 35 barriers have been initially identified in the context of the Indian market. The study uses the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach for its analysis. The prominence and causal relationship analyses indicate that familial factors that hinder the decision to buy an EV and unclear government policies regarding EVs were the primary concerns with regard to these vehicles getting traction in the market. The results of this study illustrate the causal relationships amongst the identified barriers. On the other hand, the study reveals that the pricing of the EVs is not a major issue and that the consumers are more concerned about the availability of maintenance support post purchasing of the vehicles. 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers -
Grain-growth engineering and mechanical properties of physical-vapour-deposited InSe platelets
The present work demonstrates a novel use of physical vapour deposition for grain-growth engineering by optimizing supersaturation, which led to the evolution of stoichiometric indium monoselenide crystals, employing a custom-fabricated dual-zone furnace. The growth zone was kept at a constant temperature for different experimental runs (673-883K), while the source zone was kept at a stable temperature of 1123K. In this way, the temperature difference ?T = 240-450K resulted in a significant increase of the mass transport between the zones so as to accomplish bulk crystallization. At comparatively low supersaturation (?T = 240K), the presence of nodules and flakes was observed. When ?T = 250K, multiple grains were formed owing to temperature asymmetry at the rough vapour-solid interface. A further increase in supersaturation (?T = 330K) facilitated polyhedral grain growth, with distinct grain boundaries. A subsequent increment in ?T (400K) led to evolution of the polycrystalline morphology to well developed hexagonal platelets owing to adsorption of atoms on surface steps and kinks in accordance with the leading-edge growth mechanism. Energy-dispersive analysis by X-rays and X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to confirm the structure and phase of crystals. Microindentation studies were done to assess the hardness and mechanical stability of the as-grown crystals in response to external loads in order to explore their suitability for solar cell applications. The investigations of bulk vapour phase transport, morphology and strengthening of InSe platelets provide pathways for the production of crystalline textures with versatile properties. International Union of Crystallography 2017. -
Grandparenting in Urban Bangalore, India: Support and Involvement From the Standpoint of Young Adult University Students
A variety of caregivers, including grandparents, help raise children. Among grandparents, most Western samples evidence a matrilateral (i.e., mothers kin) bias in caregiving, and many studies show more positive impacts and stronger relationships with grandmothers than grandfathers. The aim of the present study is to test competing hypotheses about a potential laterality bias and explore contrasts between grandmothers and grandfathers in a sample of urban young adult university students in Bangalore, India. A sample of 377 (252 women) relatively mobile and high socioeconomic status individuals 17 to 25 years of age completed a survey consisting of sociodemographic and grandparenting questions. Results reveal generally little evidence of either a patrilateral or matrilateral bias, though findings varied for some outcomes. As illustrations, there were no differences in residential proximity or the most recent time when a participant saw matrilateral or patrilateral grandparents, whereas maternal grandmothers were more approving of ones choice of a life partner than were paternal grandmothers. In inductively coded responses to an open-ended item about the roles of grandparents, maternal grandmothers were more often identified as guides and less often deemed non-significant than paternal grandmothers, while paternal grandfathers were less often viewed as guardians and more often noted for their influence compared with maternal grandparents. Findings also revealed differences between grandmothers and grandfathers, such as grandmothers playing more prominent roles in community and religious festivals. Findings are interpreted within changing residential, work, education, and family dynamics in urban India as well as a primary importance on parents relative to grandparents. The Author(s) 2019. -
Graphitization of coal by bio-solubilization: Structure probe by Raman spectroscopy
Raman spectra of two coal samples of different rank have been examined with Raman spectrometer operating at an excitation wavelength of 514.5 nm. Raman studies manifested the presence of G band conforming the first order scattering of E2g mode. The sp3 domains at about 1355 cm-1 (D band) is an evidence to edge planes and disordered structures. Analysis by curve fitting the first order spectrum justified the presence of G, D1, D2, D3 and D4 bands. The integrated intensity ratio IG/ID? is found to be 3.66 and 5.8 while the ID/ID? ratio is estimated to be about 3 and 4.9 for bituminous and sub-bituminous coal, respectively indicating on-site and hopping defect in the graphene layers. The 2D band is fitted with multiple Lorentian profile has 4 peaks, the intense G?, G?, D + D? and 2D? band at 2445, 2690, 2925 and 3160 cm-1. From the second order spectrum, formation of about 6-8 stacked graphene layers is observed in sub-bitumionus coal. -
Graphs with large diameter and their two distance forcing number
For a given simple graph G = (V,E), the two distance forcing number Z2d (G) is defined as the minimum cardinality among all Z2d-sets in G. This paper examine about Z2d (G) of some graphs with large diameter. Also we determine the 2-distance forcing number of some complement graphs. 2021 the author(s). -
Gravity modulation effect on ferromagnetic convection in a Darcy-Brinkman layer of porous medium /
International Conference On Applied And Computational Mathematics, Vol.1139, pp.1-10 -
Gravity-modulated RayleighBard convection in a Newtonian liquid bounded by rigidfree boundaries: a comparative study with other boundary conditions
Effect of different boundaries on the gravity-modulated RayleighBard convection has been investigated with an emphasis on rigidfree boundaries. Small-amplitude and large-amplitude modulations are studied using the linear stability analysis. The modified Venezian approach is used to study small-amplitude modulations using different modes of perturbations and the superposition principle. The existence of subharmonic motions for the case of large-amplitude modulations was explored using the Mathieu equation arising from the linear stability analysis. Floquet theory was used together with Hills infinite determinant method to compute the critical Rayleigh number for the case of large-amplitude modulations. Weakly non-linear analysis is performed leading to the cubic StuartLandau equation from the Lorenz system. Heat transport was quantified using the Nusselt number and the mean Nusselt numbers for different amplitudes and frequencies. It was found that gravity modulation has, in general, a stabilizing effect on the convection process in all three boundary types, and the heat transport was found to be an increasing function of amplitude. Another important outcome of the study is that the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of convection for rigidfree boundaries lies between those of the corresponding values of the freefree and rigidrigid boundaries in the case of both harmonic and subharmonic motions which could be exploited in controlling convection. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix based Fully Convolutional Neural Network Model for Pneumonia Detection
This study presents a new method to improve the detection ability of a convolutional neural network (CNN) in pneumonia detection using chest X-ray images. Using Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) analysis, additional channels are added to the original image data provided by Guangzhou Children's Hospital in Guangzhou, China. The main goal is to design a lightweight, fully convolution network and increase its available information using GLCM. Performance analysis is performed on the new CNN model and GLCM-enhanced CNN model, and results are compared with Transfer Learning approaches. Various evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC-ROC, are used to evaluate the improved analysis performance of CNN. The results showed a significant increase in the ability of the model to detect pneumonia, with an accuracy of 99.57%. In addition, the study evaluates the descriptive properties of the CNN model by analyzing its decision process using Grad-CAM. 2024, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology. All rights reserved. -
Green accounting and its application: A study on reporting practices of environmental accounting in India
Green Accounting is an important device for understanding the role of business ventures in the economy towards environmental security and welfare. It is a well-known term for environment and natural resources accounting. Many companies all over the world have initiated the practices of making environmental disclosures in their annual reports. However, these practices are still largely voluntary in nature. The objective of this research paper is to study the environment-related disclosures of companies taken from Nifty 50 based on the summary of Global Reporting Standards. Content Analysis, both sector-wise and keyword-wise is used on the annual reports of 29 sample companies using MAXQDA software. A high count of the formulated keywords is observed in some relevant sectors of Energy, Cement and Metals. 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Green Bonds Driving Sustainable Transition in Asian Economies: The Case of India
On September 25, 2015, 193 countries of the United Nations (UN) General Assembly, signed the 2030 Agenda to work towards attaining 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and its associated 169 targets and 232 indicators. With one of the largest renewable energy programs, India is well-poised to be a role model for low-carbon transformation to other Asian countries. However, bridging the financing gap is critical to ensure that the country meets its SDG targets. Though the SDGs identified by the UN are broad-based and interdependent, for ease of analysis we have grouped them into five themes people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership based on existing UN models. This paper investigates the financing gap for green' projects linked to planet-related SDG targets in India. It builds an argument for utilizing green bonds as an instrument to bridge the gap. After establishing the potential of green bonds in raising the finance to meet India's planet-related SDG targets, we look at the current policy landscape and suggest recommendations for successful execution. The paper concludes that deepening of the corporate fixed income securities market and firming up guidelines in line with India's climate action plans are inevitable before green bonds can be considered a viable financing option. 2021. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. -
Green Bonds: A Propitious Financial Instrument of Climate Finance
Green bonds are a comparatively recent investment mechanism for green initiatives and are perceived as the first line of climate change protection. The aim of the article is to decide if the issuing of a green bond is perceived to be good news for market players, and also to ascertain whether developing markets, relative to established markets, are more inclined towards green bonds to tackle climate change. The study used an international sample of recent green bond issues and illustrated the possible effects of the issuing of a green bond for the issuer. A sample of 392 green bonds released from 2017 to 2020 is included. Event study methodology is used to analyse investor response to green bond issuance. Over the years, emerging markets have been found to be keen on greening projects by green bonds, much in line with established markets. The findings suggest that on the day of issuance of the green bonds the stock market responds adversely and reacts positively after the day. Hence statistical technique is applied on different event windows to obtain the cumulative abnormal returns (CAR). Statistical analysis concludes that the market responds adversely to the issuing of a green bond. This influence is particularly evident in the first issuing of green bonds and in developing markets. This research shows that proposals of green debt transmit unfavourable knowledge about the issuing companies. These results are relevant only in the case of green bonds issued by listed firms. 2023 MDI. -
Green Luminescence and Irradiance Properties of Carbon Dots Cross-linked with Polydimethylsiloxane
In the present report, we have synthesized carbon dots by using anthracite coal as a precursor. The purpose of this work is to address the sensitivity and surface coating ability of carbon dots with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The photoluminescence study shows the shift in emission wavelength of carbon dots in water and polymer individually for different excitation wavelengths (320-480 nm). The shifted peaks have higher intensities for higher excitation wavelengths, which are desirable for real world optical applications. This study gives a simple and novel approach to tune the fluorescence spectrum over the entire UV region just by varying the concentration of carbon dots in the polymer base. Detailed characterization revealed that the increase in the intensity of emission peaks can be obtained by using a polymer base system and changing the concentration of carbon dots. This new approach significantly opens a new window for multiapproach sensing methods. The irradiance studies of carbon dots with PDMS resulted in a decrease in absorption. This explains the photodegradation and photophysical properties of the material. The wettability property of the sample by using contact angle studies reveals its significance in coating industries such as nanoengineering, adhesives, casting, and injection molding. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.