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Investigation of memory influences on bio-heat responses of skin tissue due to various thermal conditions
Advancement of new technologies such as laser, focused ultrasound, microwave and radio frequency for thermal therapy of skin tissue has increased numerous challenging situations in medical treatment. In this article, a new meticulous bio-heat transfer model based on memory-dependent derivative with dual-phase-lag has been developed under different thermal conditions such as thermal shock and harmonic-type heating. Laplace transform method is acquired to perceive the analytical consequences. Quantitative results are evaluated for displacement, strain and temperature along with stress distributions in time domain by adopting the technique of inverse Laplace transform. Impacts of the constituents of memory-dependent derivativeskernel functions along with time-delay parameter are analysed on the studied fields (temperature, displacement, strain and stress) for both thermal conditions separately using computational results. It has been found that the insertion of the memory effect proves itself a unified model, and therefore, this model can better predict temperature field data for thermal treatment processes. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Investigation of nanocrystalline structure in selected carbonaceous materials
The structural parameters of nine Indian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The study revealed that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with amorphous carbon. The stacking height (Lc) and interlayer spacing (d002) of the crystallite structure of the coals ranged from 1.986 to 2.373 nm and from 0.334 to 0.340 nm, respectively. The degree of graphitization was calculated to range from 42% to 99%, thereby confirming the ordering of the carbon layers with the increase in coal rank. An exponential correlation was observed among the aromaticity (fa), the lateral size (Lc), and the rank (I20/I26), suggesting that the coal crystallites are nanocrystalline in nature. A very strong correlation was observed between the structural parameters (fa, d002, Lc, the H/C ratio, and I20/I26), the volatile matter content, and the elemental carbon content, indicating the structures of coals are controlled by the degree of contact metamorphism. The Raman spectra exhibited two prominent bands: the graphitic band (G) and the first-order characteristic defect band (D). The deconvolution resulted in five peaks: G, D1, D2, D3, and D4. The intense D1 band, which appeared at ~1350 cm-1, corresponds to a lattice vibration mode with A1g symmetry. The D2 mode, which appeared at ~1610 cm-1, arises from the structural disorder as a shoulder on the G band. University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014. -
Investigation of nanocrystalline structure in selected carbonaceous materials /
International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, Vol.21, Issue 9, pp.322-328, ISSN No: 1674-4799. -
Investigation of photoluminescence emission from ?-Ga2O3: Ce thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique
Ce doped Ga2O3 thin films for different doping concentrations (3 at%, 4 at%, 5 at%, 6 at%, 7 at%, and 8 at%) were deposited by spray pyrolysis method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystalline structure as that of monoclinic ?-Ga2O3. The effect of doping on the band gap of the material was studied by UV-Visible spectroscopic method and the thickness of the film and refractive index were measured by ellipsometric technique. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra were recorded for pure and doped samples and the energy band scheme with possible radiative and nonradiative transitions were elucidated. Concentration quenching effect was observed, and the underlying mechanism responsible for quenching effect was studied based on Dexter theory. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Investigation of PWM Methods for a 9 Level Boost Inverter Using CD-type Carriers
The article introduces an innovative boost inverter topology that utilizes two switching capacitors and a single Direct Current (DC) source to generate a nine-level output voltage waveform. This design eliminates the need for sensors or additional electronics since the capacitor voltages automatically balance themselves. Unlike traditional inverters, an input DC boost converter isnt necessary, as the output voltage is often twice the input voltage, particularly when the inverter is powered by a natural source. Furthermore, novel modulation techniques proposed for CD-type carrier waves exhibit enhanced efficiency, higher RMS voltage, and reduced harmonic distortion (THD). The effectiveness of the suggested carriers has been verified through investigations employing phase disposition (PD), alternate phase opposition disposition (APOD), and phase opposition disposition (POD). Each technique described under 9LBI has been assessed using a MATLAB/Simulink configuration. The operational and dynamic performance of the proposed architecture has been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. 2024, TUBITAK. All rights reserved. -
Investigation of Spectroscopic Parameters and Trap Parameters of Eu3+-Activated Y2SiO5 Phosphors for Display and Dosimetry Applications
Using the solid-state reaction technique, varied Y2SiO5 phosphors activated by europium (Eu3+) ions at varied concentrations were made at calcination temperatures of 1000 C and 1250 C during sintering in an air environment. The XRD technique identified the monoclinic structure, and the FTIR technique was used to analyze the generated phosphors. Photoluminescence emission and excitation patterns were measured using varying concentrations of Eu3+ ions. The optimal strength was observed at a 2.0 mol% concentration. Emission peaks were detected at 582 nm and 589 nm for the 5D0?7F1 transition and at 601 nm, 613 nm, and 632 nm for the 5D0?7F2 transition under 263 nm excitation. Because Eu3+ is naturally bright, these emission peaks show how ions change from one excited state to another. This makes them useful for making phosphors that emit red light for use in optoelectronics and flexible displays. Based on the computed (1931 CIE) chromaticity coordinates for the photoluminescence emission spectra, it was determined that the produced phosphor may be used in light-emitting diodes. The TL glow curve was examined for various doping ion concentrations and durations of UV exposure levels, revealing a broad peak at 183 C. Using computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD), we calculated the kinetic parameters. 2024 by the authors. -
Investigation of speech synthesis, speech processing techniques and challenges for enhancements
The sound produced by any human being or instrument can be used for various applications using the concept of extraction or selection. Using this concept, virtual sounds are produced which is prime requirement for various speech synthesis applications. In this paper we review the different speech processing methodologies, parameters involved and the various applications based on the speech quality produced. Though an overview is given on the processing and involved parameter, priority is given to the speech enhancement application. This survey helps to identify the challenges involved in various processing technique involved in speech enhancement of healthy and disordered speech. These findings with different speech production and speech synthesis techniques will help to improve the quality in various application of speech to text (STT), text to speech (TTS), Automatic speech production (ASP) and Automatic speech recognition (ASR). Copyright 2019 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
Investigation of structural formation of starting composition 2245 in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system superconductors /
Journal of Solid State Physics, Vol.2014, pp.127-133, ISSN No: 2356-7643 (Print), 2314-6842 (Online). -
Investigation of the correlation between optical and ?-ray flux variations in the blazar Ton 599
The correlation between optical and ?-ray flux variations in blazars reveals a complex behaviour. In this study, we present our analysis of the connection between changes in optical and ?-ray emissions in the blazar Ton 599 over a span of approximately 15 yr, from 2008 August to 2023 March. Ton 599 reached its highest flux state across the entire electromagnetic spectrum during the second week of 2023 January. To investigate the connection between changes in optical and ?-ray flux, we have designated five specific time periods, labelled as epochs A, B, C, D, and E. During periods B, C, D, and E, the source exhibited optical flares, while it was in its quiescent state during period A. The ?-ray counterparts to these optical flares are present during periods B, C, and E; however, during period D, the ?-ray counterpart is either weak or absent. We conducted a broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting by employing a one-zone leptonic emission model for these epochs. The SED analysis unveiled that the optical-ultraviolet emission primarily emanated from the accretion disc in quiescent period A, whereas synchrotron radiation from the jet dominated during periods B, C, D, and E. Diverse correlated patterns in the variations of optical and ?-ray emissions, like correlated optical and ?-ray flares, could be accounted for by changes in factors such as the magnetic field, bulk Lorentz factor, and electron density. On the other hand, an orphan optical flare could result from increased magnetic field and bulk Lorentz factor. 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Investigation of the fractal footprint in selected EURIBOR panel banks
EURIBOR emerged as a conventional proxy for a risk-free rate for a reasonably long period of time after the creation of the Eurozone. However, the joy was short-lived, as the global credit crisis shook the markets in mid-2008. Significant counterparty risk embedded in a derivative transaction cannot be left out. EURIBOR reflects the credit spread on borrowing. Hence, risk and uncertainty are inextricably linked here. This study investigates five banks out of 19 panel banks that manage EURIBOR in various Eurozone countries. These banks, HSBC, ING, Deutsche Bank, the National Bank of Greece and Barclays, are tested from January 2009 to December 2017 on a daily basis. Bank specific EURIBOR can be predicted in all five cases with different degrees. The trace of a profound herd is observed in the case of the National Bank of Greece, others were relatively mild in nature. The customer base and their risk grade were recognized as the main factor. Their information asymmetry and derived information entropy suggest embedded chaos and uncertainty. Bikramaditya Ghosh, Corlise Le Roux, Anjali Verma, 2020. -
Investigation on Constraints and Recommended Context Aware Elicitation for IoT Runtime Workflow
Various technological and application challenges arise in the advancement of Internet of Things. Apart from Design and Deployment, Security also falls as a primary challenge to overcome. Device Management is becoming more complex as numerous network services to be handled. Inter-device communication for technical aspects appears to be underappreciated. There is a critical necessity to include this area's requirements and challenges. By abstracting data models and operations and expressing them using semantics, M2Mcommunication and interoperability and may be made simple. A thorough investigation of the foregoing is preparing the way for various approaches. Along with Semantics, a high-level language construct is suggested that can enable run-time workflow construction. Things Markup Language is the name of the concept (TML). 2024, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved. -
Investigation on Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces through Impedance Spectroscopy
In the present paper, impedance measurements of the battery configuration, Anode?lithium borophosphate glass electrolyte?LiCoO2 cathode, has been carried out to throw some light on the electrochemical interfacial behavior between the chosen electrodes and electrolyte. The cathode material, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) has been prepared by three different techniques and characterized. Sol-gel synthesized LiCoO2 showed uniformly distributed spherical shape particles with an average size of 500 nm and also exhibited better electrochemical performance. Charging and discharging (23 cycles) of the battery indicated an OCV of 2 V. However, the theoretical OCV of 4 V could not be achieved. The poor performance of the battery could be attributed to the electrochemical processes and SEI film formation at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Impedance spectroscopy shows that the major contributions to the impedance of the battery are the electrolyte resistance and the electrode/electrolyte interfacial resistance. With each recharging cycle, the value of electrolyte resistance remains almost constant; however, the interface resistance increases, during the passage of current, due to the interfacial passive layer formation. 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Investigation on the analysis of integration of IoT and AI technologies with information security for advanced education 4.0
This research examines the integration of emerging technologies in the form of the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in driving forward to the educational application of Education 4.0. The systematic meta-analysis study provides evidence in the transformative capability of these technologies regarding attendance, performance, and learning pathway. The systems implementation was in the form of IoT sensors to capture and record student attendance, while the use of Artificial Intelligence based on machine learning models such as Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Decision Tree generated a personalized recommendation for the academic improvement or sports activity to be participated as an extracurricular activity. The performance evaluation of these models was illustrated for accuracy to correctly predict student responses related to the provided recommendations. The findings of implementation suggest the systems significant impacts given the augmented performance achievement with respect to academics and sports is the result of the implementation. It was measured comparing students performance before and after system implementation to capture the interpretation of student improvement regarding the use of the implemented system. The findings indicated that the systems implementation contributed to the increase in academic improvement from 65% to 75% and sports performance from 55% to 70% depending on student response to the provided academical or extracurricular recommendations. Such findings confirm an overall improvement in performance based on the use of the presented system. Taru Publications. -
Investigation on the phase transformation and lattice parameters of Sn2+, Cu2+, La3+ and Ce4+ ions doped titania: characterization and solar light activity study /
International Journal For Light And Electron Optics, Vol.183, pp.496-507, ISSN No: 0030-4026. -
Investigation on window opening behavior in naturally ventilated hostels of warm and humid climate
A window is an inevitable element of a naturally ventilated building, and its usage improves indoor environmental conditions. Various research has presented window opening behavior models, stating that it may vary with region, climate, season, building type and many more environmental and non-environmental factors. Major studies in India relied on survey data and were not focused on continuous monitoring. Limited occupants behavior studies have been reported in warm and humid climatic zones, specifically in hostel buildings. Also, a realistic description of occupants window opening behavior is require for more accurate evaluation of building performance using energy simulation. Therefore, there is a need to study the window opening behavior to predict the indoor environment more accurately by using energy simulation tools. In this context, a one-year field research involving questionnaire survey, physical observation, and monitoring was conducted in different hostel buildings in Tiruchirappalli, India. Logistic models were developed to predict the window state in hostel buildings in warm and humid region based on physical observational and long-term monitoring data. It is found that window use is influenced by season, time of the day, weekdays, floor level, buildings orientation, user type, and gender. Results also showed that insects and animal menace (snakes, squirrels, lizards, mosquitoes etc.) impede window opening behavior. The study also presented a logistic model for window opening behavior based on outdoor environment conditions for simulation modeling. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Investigations on Slurry Erosive on Wear Performance of HVOF-Sprayed Cr2O3 Coatings on Aluminum Alloy
The slurry erosion behavior of thermally sprayed Cr2O3 coatings on Aluminium alloy is evaluated in the current research. By employing a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying process, Cr2O3 coatings were deposited on the Aluminium 6061 alloy. Microhardness, as well as microstructure of the coatings, were explored to analyze the developed coatings. Slurry erosive wear experiments have been conducted by varying the conditions of the slurry erosion process, such as test duration, slurry concentration, slurry speed, and size of impinging particles, on the erosion test rig. The outcome has shown that with an increase in slurry concentration, slurry speed, and impinging particle size, the slurry erosive wear loss increases. By utilizing 3D confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the wear mechanisms of uncoated and Cr2O3-coated samples have been examined. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Investigations on the electronic properties and effect of chitosan capping on the structural and optical properties of zinc aluminate quantum dots
Quantum confined uncapped and chitosan capped nanoparticles of ZnAl2O4 synthesized by microwave-assisted solgel method were investigated by structural analysis and optical techniques. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the formation of cubic spinels with crystallite size 4.5 nm and 3.4 nm, respectively for uncapped and chitosan capped ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles. Chitosan capping produced a blue shift in bandgap energy (3.84 to 3.94 eV) agreeing with size effects according to the Brus equation. A blue shift in emission peak and enhancement in photoluminescence intensity was also observed upon chitosan capping. The electronic band structure and the density of states of the bulk spinel were also calculated using density functional theory. The effective masses of electrons and holes estimated based on the band structure were used to extract the excitonic Bohr radius. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
Investigations on thermo-mechanical properties of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites for packaging application
Eco-friendly packing polymer materials are in the spotlight but, lack of new biodegradable polymers either natural or synthetic is yet to establish the market more competitively. So, in the present work, clay as a nano-filler is embedded and organically modified in some synthetic and natural polymers which are well established commercially to enhance their biodegradability. The impact of clay on the properties of synthetic polymers namely, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and natural polymer cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was studied. Results from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites (PCC) than pure polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a uniform surface with small-sized crystallites distributed on the polymer surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed the formation of enhanced intercalated structures in PCC. Furthermore, FTIR studies showed that the interlayer bonding (SiO bands) of pure clay is deformed in PCCs. The tensile strength of PCC increased with an increase in organo-clay loading. This unique mechanical behavior is due to the agglomeration of organo-clay particles. Finally, the biodegradation studies revealed enhanced hydrolytic degradation in PCC than pure polymers. Hence, these PCCs are environmentally friendlier than their pure synthetic polymers without significant compromise in their properties, which makes it suitable for packaging industries. The Author(s) 2020. -
Investing in Indias electric revolution: A case study of OLA electric
Subject Area: Entrepreneurship, Strategy. Study Level/Applicability: The case is best suited for a course on Entrepreneurial Finance while introducing the sources of finance and a course on Private Equity and Venture capital, while discussing target screening. It exemplifies how new-age ventures can position themselves to attract investments and how venture capital firms use environmental scanning to identify potential investment opportunities. Designed for second-year MBA students, the case assumes familiarity with strategic management concepts like Porters Five Force and Resource-Based View. Case Overview: Amala Menon is a seasoned venture capitalist, strategist, sustainability enthusiast, and founder of Samrithi VentureCaptial and has been actively looking out for investment opportunities in the Electronic Vehicle (EV) space. Believing in the huge potential and the push received by supportive government policies in India, Amala is assessing Ola Electric Mobility Pvt. Ltd (Ola Electric) as an investable option among a list of growing players in the space. A wholly owned subsidiary of ANI Technologies Pvt. Ltd, the parent company of Ola Cabs, Ola Electric, valued at USD 5 billion as of 2022, was founded in 2017 to facilitate mass electric mobility and hence reduce emission and fuel dependency. Though crunching financial metrics and valuation numbers come in during assessing an investment option, she strongly emphasizes evaluating the organizations readiness to obtain further funding in terms of its management team, the potential of the business model and several other crucial parameters. Ultimately, valuation exercise, according to her, aids founders and investors in confirming the strategic positioning of the venture and the business models validity. Hence, at this point, Amala, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects, is focused on assessing whether Ola is a wise investable option compared to its peers. Expected Learning Outcomes: This case study enables participants to: (1) Critically appraise investment prospects in new-age EV startups like Ola Electric considering industry-specific and organization-specific factors. (2) Explore both financial and non-financial factors crucial for evaluating Ola Electrics potential as a promising investment. (3) Evaluate Ola Electric as a potential investment option by leveraging strategic frameworks such as Resource-Based View, Internal and External Factor Evaluation to formulate an investment recommendation. (4) Apply the insights gained from the environmental scan to guide Amalas investment decision regarding Ola Electric. Association for Information Technology Trust 2024. -
INVESTING IN WOMEN, INVESTING IN THE PLANET: QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY; [INVESTIR NAS MULHERES, INVESTIR NO PLANETA: QUANTIFICAR O IMPACTO DO EMPODERAMENTO DAS MULHERES NA SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL]; [INVERTIR EN LAS MUJERES, INVERTIR EN EL PLANETA: CUANTIFICAR EL IMPACTO DEL EMPODERAMIENTO DE LAS MUJERES EN LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL]
Objective: This study finds out the correlation between the indicators of womens empowerment, including variables like gender parity index in tertiary education, female labour force participation and seats held by women in national parliament, and a variable of environmental sustainability such as CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). The aim is to analyse existing datasets to know the impact of independent variables on dependent variable. Method: The study uses multiple linear regression to evaluate the effects of independent variables indicators of women's empowerment on the dependent variable, CO2 emissions, using secondary data from the World Bank covering the years 1990 to 2022. The Breusch-Pagan and Breusch-Godfrey LM tests are used to look at heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, respectively, and VIF is used to find multicollinearity. Results and Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship between lower CO2 emissions and increases in the percentage of female seats in the national parliament (-3.73) and higher female labour force participation (-6.04). The gender parity index (GPI) in tertiary education, which is -0.2997, does not, however, appear to have a statistically significant impact on CO2 emissions. Implications: This research can serve as a cause for redesigning gender-responsive environmental initiatives and promoting a more sustainable and equitable future. Originality/Value: This study contributes empirical knowledge to the body of literature by showing the potential contribution of women's empowerment in addressing environmental issues and emphasising the significance of taking gender into account in environmental policy and decision-making processes. 2024 ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao. All rights reserved.