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Revisiting the trade opennessunemployment nexus: anapplication of the novel JKS panel causality test with static anddynamic panel models
Purpose: This paper documents a robust empirical regularity: higher trade openness is associated with a lower unemployment rate. This paper also examines whether or not the effects of trade liberalisation depend on countries' income levels. Further, the dynamic causation between trade openness and unemployment is also examined. Design/methodology/approach: In order to obtain insight into the opennessunemployment nexus, following empirical methods were utilised - static panel models, dynamic panel models and a novel panel Granger causality approach proposed by Juodis etal. (2021). Findings: Results suggest that openness negatively affects unemployment; the extent to which trade liberalisation affects unemployment depends on the income level of each country. The Juodis, Karavias, and Sarafidis (JKS) test confirmed that the past values of trade openness, inflation, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product per capita contain information that helps to predict unemployment in a more robust manner. To simply put, opening upto trade may eventually become a requirement for creating more job opportunities, but this alone may not be enough. The extent to which nations benefit from trade liberalisation is largely dependent on the overall economic conditions and their capability to move up the income scale. Originality/value: A major difference between this study and those performed previously is that this study does not only examine the impact of trade openness on unemployment, but also investigates whether the unemployment effect of liberalisation is affected by countries' income levels an issue that has received little attention in the past. Additionally, the unique panel non-causality approach put forth by Juodis etal. (2021) is used in the first instance to look into the causal link between trade openness and unemployment. This method has advantages in that the method enables capturing Granger-causality in homogeneous or heterogeneous panels amongst multiple variables. 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Revocable and Secure Multi-Authority Attribute-Encryption Scheme
Security is an important factor as nowadays many systems generates and process huge amount of data. This also leads many of us to rely on a third-party service provider for storing sensitive and confidential data. Providing outsourcing means the data owner will encrypt and store the data in a third-party storage system. In this paper, we are proving solutions for two main problems. The first issue is what if the attribute authority itself can access the data because the attributes and secret keys are known by attribute. This issue is called the key escrow problem. For solving it we are proposing a multi-authority system with Elliptic Curve Cryptography. The second issue that we addressed in this paper is the revocation problem, which means when someone leaves the system should be prohibited from accessing subsequent data this is called forward security and as a second case when someone joins the system should be prevented from accessing previous shared date this is called backward security. In this paper, we address both forward and backward security. For solving this problem we are using the concept of the Lagrange interpolation technique for generating and verifying secret keys. Based on this technique secret key will be dynamically altered and used for encryption and due to this can achieve greater security. 2023, Ismail Saritas. All rights reserved. -
Revolutionizing Biodegradable and Sustainable Materials: Exploring the Synergy of Polylactic Acid Blends with Sea Shells
This study explores the mechanical properties of a novel composite material, blending polylactic acid (PLA) with sea shells, through a comprehensive tensile test analysis. The tensile test results offer valuable insights into the materials behavior under axial loading, shedding light on its strength, stiffness, and deformation characteristics. The results suggest that the incorporation of sea shells decrease the tensile strength of 14.55% and increase the modulus of 27.44% for 15 wt% SSP (sea shell powder) into PLA, emphasizing the reinforcing potential of the mineral-rich sea shell particles. However, a potential trade-off between decreased strength and reduced ductility is noted, highlighting the need for a delicate balance in material composition. The study underscores the importance of uniform sea shell particle distribution within the PLA matrix for consistent mechanical performance. These results offer a basis for additional PLA-sea shell blend optimization, directing future efforts to balance strength, flexibility, and other critical attributes for a range of applications, including biomedical devices and sustainable packaging. This investigation opens the door to more sustainable and mechanically strong materials in the field of additive manufacturing by demonstrating the positive synergy between nature-inspired materials and cutting-edge testing techniques. 2024 The Authors. -
Reward Based Garbage Monitoring and Collection System Using Sensors
Most of the time in our surroundings we come across the overfilled garbage bins near the lakes. When the bins are full, people just throw the waste here and there, which eventually goes into the lakes and pollutes the water bodies. This is because of improper dumping of garbage that is practiced in our society. With the increase in population, this problem is taking really bad shape. The prime need is to maintain a clean and healthy environment with proper disposal of waste. This paper presents a small effort to reduce this garbage problem. An Android app has been created which keeps on checking whether the dustbin is full. Also, the people will be rewarded for throwing waste into the dustbins. A QR code has been attached to the dustbin which will be scanned for rewarding the people. The dustbins use an IR sensor that detects the receiver of waste in bins. Major part of this proposed system includes the proper working of mobile application and proximity sensors. Arduino is used to maintain the proper connection with sensors and application and that is done by Bluetooth sensor. The main objective of this proposed system is to lure people to put waste into the dustbin along with the contribution towards smart city vision. This paper also gives a brief overview of the technologies and work done so far in this field. 2024 River Publishers. -
RF-ShCNN: A combination of two deep models for tumor detection in brain using MRI
The tumor in the brain is the reason for jagged cell enlargement in the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a common scheme to identify tumor existence in the brain. With these MRIs, the medical practitioner can examine and detect the abnormal growth of tissues and corroborate if the brain is influenced by a tumor or not. Due to the appearance of artificial intelligence models, the discovery of brain tumor is performed by adapting different models which thereby help in making decisions and selecting the most suitable diagnosis for patients. The main motivation of this work is to reduce the death rate. If they are not adequately treated, the survival rate of the patient decreases. The correct diagnoses help patients receive accurate treatments and survive for a long time. This paper develops a hybrid model, namely the Residual fused Shepherd convolution neural network (RF-ShCNN) for discovering tumor in the brain considering MRI. Thus, the Adaptive wiener filtering is adapted to filter image-commencing noise. Thereafter, Conditional Random Fields-Recurrent Neural Networks (CRF-RNN) are adapted for segmentation followed by the mining of essential features. Lastly, the features employed in RF-ShCNN for making effective brain tumor detection by means of MRI. Thus, the RF-ShCNN is built by unifying the deep residual network and Shepherd convolution neural network. The hybridization is done by adding a regression layer wherein the regression is fused with Fractional calculus (FC) to make effective detection. The RF-ShCNN provided better accuracy of 94%, sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 94.9%. 2023 -
rGO-MoO3 Nanocomposite for superior methylene blue removal by adsorption and photocatalysis
Efficient MoO3 and rGO (0.5,1,2 wt.%)-MoO3 nanosorbent was prepared by facile hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy techniques confirms the orthorhombic phase. Remarkably in 10 ppm MB dye, complete removal was observed for 1:3, 1:5, 1:3.3, 1:3 (mass of catalyst: volume of dye solution) ratio for pure, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% rGO-MoO3 nanocomposite, by merely stirring for one hour without any light exposure. The adsorption mechanism was examined in detail using different models including Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo second-order kinetic model. The composite sample, rGO (0.5 wt.%)-MoO3 is the most efficient nanosorbent whereas rGO (2 wt.%)-MoO3 showed the least adsorption. rGO (2 wt.%)-MoO3 was further used for time dependent study in the presence of UV and in the dark. The presence of UV enhances removal due to the combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis. Scavenger studies were performed to analyze the mechanism of photocatalysis. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Rheostatic effect of a magnetic field on the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in a five-dimensional magnetoconvective Lorenz system
This paper deals with a weakly nonlinear study of two-dimensional RayleighBard magnetoconvection using a simplified five-dimensional Lorenz model. The governing equations of the system are nondimensionalized and formulated in terms of the stream function and the scalar magnetic potential. A five-modal Fourier truncation scheme is employed and the resulting equations are scaled to obtain a five-dimensional autonomous dynamical system. The Hopf-Rayleigh number, signifying Hopf bifurcation, is numerically evaluated from the analysis of weakly nonlinear stability. Chaotic and periodic motions are depicted by plotting bifurcation diagrams, largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) diagrams and three-dimensional projections of the phase-space. For a fixed set of parameter values, increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field is found to increase the Hopf-Rayleigh number, thereby delaying the destabilization of the system's equilibrium points. It is shown that while low magnetic field strengths favor the onset of chaotic motion directly from the steady state, stronger magnetic field strengths favor the onset of periodic convection from the steady state prior to the appearance of chaotic motion. We observe here that the applied magnetic field regulates the onset of chaotic and periodic motions in the system and therefore, has a rheostatic control over chaotic and periodic behaviors. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Rhetoric as an instrument for manipulation and distortion of truth an analysis of Orwell's 1984
Aristotle, in his Rhetoric, points out that all individuals indulge in rhetoric to demonstrate the truth or righteousness in what one wants to say. Problems arise only when rhetoric is used to appeal to emotions, rather than reason. In the current times, when rhetoric is used by leaders for propaganda, to whip up emotions in terms of nationalism and racism, George Orwell's remark that "political language is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable,"6 sounds relevant. The author examines Orwell's 1984 to demonstrate how rhetoric is a powerful tool in the hands of political leaders that can control the thoughts of individuals, to the extent of reducing them to non-entities. In an era where manufacture of consent is possible, the paper highlights how the quality of rhetoric has vitiated over time and the concern that the abuse of language prevalent in fascist regimes of Hitler and Stalin is slowly creeping into democracies too. A peaceful and harmonious existence is possible only when political leaders engage in responsible rhetoric and are willing to dialogue with dissenting voices. 2017 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
Rhetorics in/of English language education in India: A case of digital natives in higher education programs
The study briefly analyzes the ELT situation in India which is replete with challenges emerging from the lack of engagement with the phenomenon of digitality that further shapes the existing nature of learning and the needs of the learner. After locating the position of English Language in the new education policy of India, the paper discusses the General English (GE) courses offered at undergraduate level at the city of Bangalore in India, thereby shedding light on the existing gaps between policy and practice. It is based on this conjecture that the paper suggests the possibility of introducing rhetorical practices in GE courses at undergraduate levels in various institutions in urban India. In order to substantiate this suggestion, the results of a survey conducted with the learners (N=359) of a GE course based on rhetorics at a Southern Indian university is provided. Empirical data along with a brief reflection on the learners' voices are used in the study to examine the efficacy of the structure, administration and evaluation practices of this new course. The study thus opens up possibilities of initiating a discourse around the mode in which English language education and teaching is envisioned, formulated and implemented in undergraduate programs across urban India. 2020 ELE Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Ricci recurrent almost kenmotsu 3-manifolds
In this paper, we obtain that a Ricci recurrent 3-dimensional almost Kenmotsu manifold with constant scalar curvature satisfying ?? h = 0, h ? 0, is locally isometric to the Riemannian product H2 (?4). 2021, University of Nis. All rights reserved. -
Ricci solitons and certain related metrics on almost co-kaehler manifolds
In the paper, we study a Ricci soliton and a generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric on almost co-Kaehler manifold M satisfying a nullity condition. First, we consider a non-co-Kaehler (?, )-almost co-Kaehler metric as a Ricci soliton and prove that the soliton is expanding with ? = ?2n? and the soliton vector field X leaves the structure tensors ?, ? and ? invariant. This result extends Theorem 5.1 of [32]. We construct an example to show the existence of a Ricci soliton on M. Finally, we prove that if M is a generalized (?, )-almost co-Kaehler manifold of dimension higher than 3 such that h ? 0, then the metric of M can not be a generalized m-quasi-Einstein metric, and this recovers the recent result of Wang [37, Theorem 4.1] as a special case. Devaraja Mallesha Naik, V. Venkatesha, and H. Aruna Kumara, 2020. -
Ricci solitons on Riemannian manifolds admitting certain vector field
In this paper, we initiate the study of impact of the existence of a unit vector ?, called a concurrent-recurrent vector field, on the geometry of a Riemannian manifold. Some examples of these vector fields are provided on Riemannian manifolds, and basic geometric properties of these vector fields are derived. Next, we characterize Ricci solitons on 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds and gradient Ricci almost solitons on a Riemannian manifold (of dimension n) admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field. In particular, it is proved that the Riemannian 3-manifold equipped with a concurrent-recurrent vector field is of constant negative curvature -?2 when its metric is a Ricci soliton. Further, it has been shown that a Riemannian manifold admitting a concurrent-recurrent vector field, whose metric is a gradient Ricci almost soliton, is Einstein. Universitdegli Studi di Napoli "Federico II" 2021. -
Riding the La Poderosa Politics, Youth, and Motorcycle Diaries in Kerala
[No abstract available] -
Riding the waves of culture: An empirical study on acclimatization of expatriates in IT industry
The forces of globalization and subsequent trade across the borders have necessitated the firms to have their presence across the globe to meet the needs of their customers. The employees or expatriates will be sent on assignment to different countries for a period of time ranging from few weeks, months to years. This sudden exposure to the different environment not only makes these expatriates vulnerable to cultural shocks, but also may significantly affect their job performance. Their failure to acclimatize to the foreign conditions will not only hurt the confidence, career and life of the expatriate, but it will also cost a lot to the company. The present paper aims to understand of the process of expatriate adjustment in the Indian Information Technology (IT) industry by examining demographic variables and few organizational variables of expatriate's adjustment process. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the expatriate employees working in 50 IT companies in the Silicon city, Bengaluru. The study uses Chi-square test and linear regression for testing the hypotheses and found that there is a significant influence of demographic variables like gender, work experience and length of assignment on acclimatization of expatriates to their host country culture. The findings of the study proved that there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and the cultural acceptance of the expatriates. Hence, it is suggested that multinational companies should create an enabling environment within the organizations to make international assignees compatible and comfortable with different cultural values and inculcate cultural acceptance to make them successful in their international assignments. Raghavendra A. N., A. Shivakanth Shetty, 2018. -
RIEMANN SOLITONS ON (?,?)-ALMOST COSYMPLECTIC MANIFOLDS
In this paper, we study almost cosymplectic manifolds with nullity distributions admitting Riemann solitons and gradient almost Riemann solitons. First, we consider Riemann soliton on (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold M with ? < 0 and we show that the soliton is expanding with (Formula Presented) and M is locally isometric to the Lie group G?. Finally, we prove the non-existence of gradient almost Riemann soliton on a (?,?)-almost cosymplectic manifold of dimension greater than 3 with ? < 0. 2023 Korean Mathematical Society -
Rise of Populism in Northeast India: A Case of Assam
A blend of historical and contemporary forces has shaped populism in India. The Congress governments shortcomings (20042014), marked by dynastic politics and corruption, paved the way for the rise of populism, particularly under the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which capitalized on anti?elite sentiment. Narendra Modis leadership, characterized by Hindu nationalism and a development agenda, has significantly altered Indias political landscape. This study focuses on the rise of populism in Northeast India, specifically in Assam, where populist movements and leaders have increasingly influenced the socio?political environment. It explores the socio?economic conditions and identity politics that have driven the growth of populist ideologies, often leading to the marginalization of ethnic minorities. By analyzing key political events, movements, and policies, the research seeks to uncover the root causes of populism in Assam and its impact on democracy, social cohesion, and regional stability. Employing a qualitative methodology that includes political speeches, media analysis, and empirical evidence, the study examines how political leaders in Assam have mobilized regional and ethnic sentiments for electoral gains, further exacerbating ethnic marginalization. The article aims to understand the catalysts and consequences of populist governance in Assam, offering insights into the broader trend of populism in Northeast India and its future trajectory. 2024 by the author(s). -
Risk Behavior Among Emerging Adults: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Perceived Family and Interpersonal Environment
Background: Evidence demonstrates that ambiance provided during childhood and the interactions of children with different social agents during childhood have an impact on their adult behaviour. Objective: The current research tries to explore the role of adverse childhood experiences and perceived family and interpersonal interactions in their resultant adult risk behaviour. Method: Around 613 emerging adults (1824 years; Male 343 and Female 270) from the northern districts of Kerala, India took part in the study. The participants were selected using multistage sampling techniques. A Semi-structured Questionnaire was used to understand the perceived family and interpersonal environment. In addition, a checklist (adopted from the risk behaviour scale and youth risk behaviour survey) was also employed. The checklist assisted to understand the presence of actual risk behaviours. Results: Hierarchical Logistic Regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that 87.2 % of the participants were engaged in at least one type of risk behaviour. Socio-demographic variables (gender and family type) and items of perceived family and interpersonal relationships and adverse childhood experiences were found to be significant predictors of emerging adult risk behaviour. Conclusion: The results further highlight the significance of childhood experiences and the current family environment of emerging adults in understanding their behaviour, and in designing evidence-based intervention program for emerging adults. 2023 The Author(s). -
Robotic dining delight unravelling the key factors driving customer satisfaction in service robot restaurants using PLS-SEM and ML
In the past few years there has been a remarkable surge in demand for robot service restaurants. However, as both the technology and the concept of such restaurants are relatively new, there is a limited understanding of how consumers would react to this new change in the service industry. This study focuses on the key factors influencing customer satisfaction and their intention to repeat the experience by using two staged hybrid PLS-SEM and Machine Learning approaches. The finding confirms that perceived enjoyment, speed, and novelty influence customer satisfaction, whereas perceived usefulness has no influence. Additionally, the study uncovers that customer satisfaction and trust positively mediate the relationship and establish the link with repeat experience. The machine learning models (Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Elastic Net) predict the intention to repeat the experience of the service robot with an overall model fit of around 57%. We also discussed several new and useful theoretical and practical implications for enhancing the customer experience during the visit to the restaurants. 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Robs algorithm
Sparse matrix is a matrix having a relatively large proportion (proportion - a ratio is a comparison of two numbers. We generally separate the two numbers in the ratio with a colon (:)) of zero elements. To store the elements of the matrix in computer memory, linear array concept of storing is used. When a sparse matrix is stored in full-matrix storage mode, all its elements, including its zero elements, are stored in an array, which is a wastage of memory. In order to avoid the memory and processing overhead many alternate forms are used. Each one has separate time and space complexities and performances. In this paper we are suggesting one way of representing the sparse matrix which has both time and space complexity O(2n) only, while all other methods work with complexity more than O(3n) where n is the total number of non-zero elements in the matrix .The implementation of this algorithm in applications may improve the performance especially in the area of adjacency matrix, tree representation, 3D representation to an object, network communication, electronics, mathematical calculations, picture storage/file storage, file compression, bioinformatics, and the computer performance. The proposed algorithm has a large scope not only in computing but also in different branches of science, electronics and graphics. 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.