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Succession planning in India: The path less traversed /
The Management Accountant, Vol.54, Issue 2, pp.30-33, ISSN No: 2581-5504. -
Suction-injection effects on the onset of Rayleigh-Bard-Marangoni convection in a fluid with suspended particles
The effect of Suction-Injection-Combination (SIC) on the linear stability of Rayleigh-Bard Marangoni convection in a horizontal layer of an Boussinesq fluid with suspended particles confined between an upper free adiabatic boundary and a lower rigid isothermal/adiabatic boundary is considered. The Rayleigh-Ritz technique is used to obtain the eigenvalues. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analysed. It is found that the effect of Prandtl number on the stability of the system is dependent on the SIC being pro-gravity or anti-gravity. A similar Pre-sensitivity is found in respect of the critical wave number. It is observed that the fluid layer with suspended particles heated from below is more stable compared to the classical fluid layer without suspended particles. The problem has possible applications in microgravity situations. -
Suicidal behavior prediction using data mining techniques
Background: Suicide is one of the most serious public health problem that has affected many people. After being recognized as a public health priority by the WHO (World Health Organization) various studies have been going out for its prevention. It is one of a serious health problem and it is preventable and can be controlled by proper interventions and study in the field. The objective of the study is to create a prediction model for individuals who are at higher risk of suicide by studying the different predictors of suicide such as depression, anxiety, hopelessness, stress etc. by using data mining techniques for the prediction. Study Design: Systematic review and predictive analysis for suicidal behavior. Methods: The research applies data mining process to analyze the data and on the basis of analysis create the model to predict suicidal behaviors present in the individual. Prediction is done on the basis of analysis of risk factors which are Depression, anxiety, hopelessness, stress, or substance misuse which is calculated by using various psychological measures such as Beck hopelessness scale,suicidal ideation subscale,hospital anxiety and depression scale.Various data mining algorithms for classification are compared for the purpose of prediction. Results: Six different data mining classification algorithms which are namely Classification Via Regression, Logistic Regression. Random Forest, Decision Table, SMO are compared and Classification Via Regression was found to the highest accuracy in prediction. Conclusions: Data required for the development of such a model requires continuous monitoring and needs to be updated on a periodic basis to increase the accuracy of prediction. IAEME Publication. -
Suitability of natural rubber latex and waste foundry sand in cement concrete
Suitability of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) as an additive and Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) as partial replacement to river sand, in cement concrete was investigated. Experimental study was performed with concrete mixtures containing 1% latex to water ratio, along with 5% and 10% replacement of river sand by WFS. Properties of concrete were studied in both fresh and hardened state. The results of laboratory tests indicate that WFS and NRL reduces the workability of concrete. Slight reduction in splitting tensile strength was observed for mixtures containing NRL and WFS, in comparison to conventional mix. No specific trend was observed for flexural strength at 7 days, but at 28 days the difference was within 3%, when compared to conventional mix. Strength development for mixtures containing NRL and WFS was slightly lower than conventional mix. The limited results of this study show that concrete containing NRL and WFS do have potential for use as non-structural concrete. -
SUM SIGNED GRAPHS II
In this paper, the study of sum signed graphs is continued. The balancing and switching nature of the graphs are analyzed. The concept of rna number is revisited and an important relation between the number and its complement is established. 2023, Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved. -
Sum Signed Graphs, Parity Signed Graphs and Cordial Graphs
Signed graphs are graphs with every edge is signed either positive or negative. Given an n vertex graph, the vertices are bijectively labelled from 1 to n. A signed graph is a sum signed graph if and only if every edge is signed negative whenever the sum of the vertex labels exceeds n and every edge is signed positive whenever the sum of the vertex labels does not exceed n. For a parity signed graph, an edge receives a negative sign, if the end vertices are of opposite parity and a positive sign otherwise. Cordial signed graphs are the ones with the difference between the total number of negative edges and the positive ones is at most 1. We discuss the connection between sum signed labeling with parity signed labeling and cordial labeling. The absolute cordial condition for graphs satisfying sum signed labeling will be analyzed 2023, IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics.All Rights Reserved. -
Sunova spirulina Powder as an Effective Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acid Medium
Abstract: Spirulina, blue green algae is a rich source of proteins and vitamins with excellent antioxidant properties. Sunova spirulina powder an effective, green corrosion inhibitor was used to evaluate its inhibition efficiency towards mild steel in 1M HCl medium. Weight loss studies of mild steel showed an inhibition efficiency of 96% for 600ppm concentration of inhibitor solution and 12h of immersion period at 303K. The percentage of inhibition efficiency increased with a step up of 10K raise in temperature from 303 to 333K and thereafter decreased. The results obtained were further validated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ICP-OES) measurements and electrochemical techniques that included Tafel polarisation, linear polarisation and AC impedance studies. Potentiodynamic polarisation study marked the inhibitor to be a mixed type inhibiting both cathodic and anodic reactions. The adsorption studies proved that the adsorption process was spontaneous and followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic activation and adsorption parameters calculated showed that the mechanism of inhibition involved a physisorption process initially and then it slightly shifted towards chemisorption process at higher temperature. The protective layer formed on the metal surface was studied using FTIR and SEM. The complex formation between the Fe2+ and the active constituents of the spirulina extract was verified using UV visible spectra and fluorescence spectra. The effect of inhibitor concentration and temperature on corrosion rate was tested statistically using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Super strongly perfect graphs
Some of the published results on super strongly perfect graphs are found to be erroneous. We provide some examples and counter examples on the concepts associated with super strongly perfects. 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
Supercapacitor studies of activated carbon functionalized with poly(ethylene dioxythiophene): Effects of surfactants, electrolyte concentration on electrochemical properties
Electropolymerization of poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on activated carbon (AC) was performed using different surfactants such as anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate), protonic surfactant (camphor sulphonic acid) and non-ionic surfactant (Triton) in 0.1 M H2SO4. The effects of concentration of different surfactants for electrodeposition of PEDOT on AC were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and SEM techniques. Supercapacitors (SC) were fabricated using AC/PEDOT composite electrodes and 0.1 M H2SO4 as an electrolyte. The specific capacitance (Cs) values were calculated using CV at different concentrations of surfactants, electrolytes and variation of potential. The electrolyte containing 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.02 M camphor sulphonic acid showed to have the highest specific capacitance value of 240 Fg?1 than other surfactant based SCs. Galvanostatic charge/discharge at varying current density were performed on SCs containing different surfactant based electrodes to study their cyclic stability. 2020 -
Superior charge discharge ability of reduced graphene oxide/Li-ion embedded polymer composite films
Electroactive polymeric composites are recent generation material for energy application in lithium batteries, solar cells and supercapacitors. In present study, reduced graphene oxide is prepared from graphite powder using liquid exfoliation. The synthesized reduced graphene oxide is embedded with polystyrene sulfonic acid/lithium phosphate polymer electrolyte to obtain polymer composite films. The dielectric studies of composite reveals huge change in relaxation time with addition of rGO in polymeric lithium ion composites. This attributes to decrease in ion-dipolar interaction strength and enhanced polymer segmental motion in presence of carbon. It also implies the activation of electrochemical properties of polystyrene sulfonic acid/lithium phosphate/reduced graphene oxide (PLrGO) composites which can be effectively utilize for charge storage applications. The PLrGO composite exhibits an improved electrochemical performance with different scan rate on potential window ranged between ? 0.5 and 1.2V. The specific capacitance value of ~ 17F/g with high rate chargedischarge capability over 8000 cycles was observed. Higher electrochemical stability and steady charge/discharge behavior makes PLrGO composites a promising candidate for charge storage applications. 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Supermarket procurement and farmgate prices in India
Supermarkets have gained in importance in the food systems of many developing countries, with profound implications for smallholder farmers. Several studies analyzed effects of selling to supermarkets on smallholder productivity and income. However, no previous work systematically analyzed effects of supermarkets on farmgate prices, even though prices are important determinants of farmers profits and livelihoods. Here, we use data from smallholder vegetable growers in India to compare output prices received in supermarket and traditional market channels. We also quantify farmers transport and transaction costs in both channels. Even after controlling for quality differences, prices are significantly higher in supermarket channels. Positive price effects are confirmed through hedonic price models and propensity score matching. Average effects of supermarkets on farmgate prices are in a magnitude of 20% or more. Higher farmgate prices are due to fewer intermediaries and lower transaction costs in supermarket channels. In the absence of binding contracts, supermarkets also need to pay higher prices to ensure regular supply of high-quality vegetables. These results suggest that the rise of supermarkets can contribute to increased market efficiency with positive effects on farmgate prices and revenues. 2020 The Authors -
Supermarkets and Rural Inequality in India: A Case Study of Reliance Fresh
Drawing upon insights from growing strand of value chain literature, this article examines primary data collected from farmers supplying cauliflower and spinach to Reliance Fresh in the outskirts of Jaipur to understand the implication for farmer households of emergence of supermarket in a smallholder-dominated setting. The article finds that as a lead firm, Reliance Fresh is adopting flexible models of sourcing, devoid of any resource provision, to procure fresh produce of required quality and standards. In such a context, the barrier to participation of smallholders in supermarket-driven agri-food system varies across crops, depending on resource intensity of crops. Participation of smallholders, poorly endowed with human and physical capital, is limited in resource-intensive crop, such as cauliflower, because of high entry barrier in terms of requirement of assets. In contrast, entry barrier is low for smallholders in labour-intensive crop such as spinach, but competition among them, endowed with family labour, bid the rent down to the minimum. Gini decomposition exercise indicates that the emergence of supermarket-driven agri-food system has adverse distributional consequence in rural agrarian setting. Promotion of wholesale market with better infrastructure and encouragement of farmer federation as institutional innovations are suggested for inclusive agri-food marketing system. 2020 Institute of Rural Management. -
Supply chain performance measurement practices of Indian industries
In any industry, the supply chain performance plays a crucial role and it is vital in growth of the industry. Through this study, an attempt is made to find some insight to the supply chain performance measurement practices of Indian industries through an exploratory survey. The study reveals almost all the respondents (84%) felt that supply chain performance measurement system employed in their organisation has a clear purpose. Also, the study reveals that most supply chain performance measurement system provides high importance to quality measurements and includes both financial and non-financial indicators. The Multivariate analysis revealed three factors emerged from this study are 'Strategic Orientation' followed by 'Internal Focus' and 'Motivation and Control'. The study contributes to understanding the objectives of implementing supply chain performance measurement systems and metrics (measures) used in supply chain performance measurement systems. ExcelingTech Pub. -
Supreme court dialogue classification using machine learning models
Legal classification models help lawyers identify the relevant documents required for a study. In this study, the focus is on sentence level classification. To be more precise, the work undertaken focuses on a conversation in the supreme court between the justice and other correspondents. In the study, both the nae Bayes classifier and logistic regression are used to classify conversations at the sentence level. The performance is measured with the help of the area under the curve score. The study found that the model that was trained on a specific case yielded better results than a model that was trained on a larger number of conversations. Case specificity is found to be more crucial in gaining better results from the classifier. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Surface adsorption and anticorrosive behavior of benzimidazolium inhibitor in acid medium for carbon steel corrosion
Corrosion inhibition property of a newly synthesized 3-(4-chlorobenzoylmethyl) benzimidazolium bromide inhibitor against carbon steel corrosion in 1N hydrochloric acid solution was studied and analyzed utilizing various electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance study inferred that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and give 93.5% at 250ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization study emphasized that inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption of inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The noise results were in good correlation with other electrochemical results obtained. The increase of inhibition efficiency with concentrations of inhibitor is attributed to the blocking of the active area by the inhibitor adsorption on the metal surface. The thermodynamic parameter values were calculated and discussed to explain the adsorption mechanism of inhibitor in an acidic medium. The protective surface morphology governed by the inhibited medium was investigated using the scanning electron microscopic technique. The surface roughness of the sample in the absence and presence of inhibitor was obtained using atomic force microscopic study. The effect and reactivity of the inhibitor are further clarified with quantum chemical analysis. Finally, the corrosion protection mechanism is proposed on the ground of experimental and theoretical studies. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Surface adsorption and anticorrosive behavior of benzimidazolium inhibitor in acid medium for carbon steel corrosion /
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.52, Issue 11, pp.1659–1674, ISSN No: 0021-891X (Print) 1572-8838 (Online).
Corrosion inhibition property of a newly synthesized 3-(4-chlorobenzoylmethyl) benzimidazolium bromide inhibitor against carbon steel corrosion in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution was studied and analyzed utilizing various electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance study inferred that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and give 93.5% at 250 ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization study emphasized that inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption of inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The noise results were in good correlation with other electrochemical results obtained. -
Surface modified CaO nanoparticles with CMC/D-carvone for enhanced anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the continued challenge to cancer therapy are in desperate need of developing innovative therapeutic strategies. In this regard, the present research work focuses on the development of CaO NPs and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities. CaO nanoparticles were synthesized by facile one pot chemical approach and eventually functionalized with CMC and D-carvone biomolecules. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles was found to be 21.18 nm and 17.02 nm respectively. The band gap values obtained for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles were 4.44 eV, and 4.25 eV respectively. The CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles show absorption maxima at 292 nm, slightly red-shifted from bare CaO nanoparticles. HRTEM and SEM analysis revealed that the prepared samples were roughly spherical and agglomerated in nature. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles against MRSA and C. albicans was 20.1 0.3 mm and 21.1 0.2 mm, respectively, significantly higher than that of pure CaO nanoparticles (14.1 0.2 mm and 13.2 0.1 mm) and comparable to standard anti-bacterial streptomycin and antifungal fluconazole discs. Anticancer activity was assessed via MTT assay against MOLT-4 blood cancer cells, where the IC50 values for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles were 22.6 ?g/mL and 21.54 ?g/mL, respectively. Additionally, CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity (80 %) compared to CaO (70 %) at 20 ?g/mL, with performance comparable to that of Vitamin C. Experimental results revealed that the CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles exhibited superior biological activity compared to pure CaO nanoparticles. 2025 Indian Chemical Society -
Surface modified graphene/SnO2 nanocomposite from carbon black as an efficient disinfectant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Carbon based nanocomposite with well-defined integrated properties are highly sort after in the field of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. We report a facile one step hydrothermal route for the production of graphene sheets interlaced with SnO2 nanoparticles. Graphene oxide (GO)sheets are obtained by the surface functionalization of powdered carbon black. A facile hydrothermal method is employed to integrate SnO2 nanostructures over the graphene surface. All the samples exhibited long term stability and unique fluorescence response with no sign of photobleaching even after a storage of 30 months. Antibacterial activity of the samples at each stage is tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a highly resilient bacterial strain possessing very high attributable mortality rate and causes a variety of ailments from diarrhea to meningitis. Bactericidal activity of carbon black, GO derived from carbon black and graphene-SnO2 nanocomposite is tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion assay for the first time. Comparing the zone of inhibition produced by carbon black, GO and the nanocomposite, highest antibacterial performance is exhibited by the nanocomposite sample (25 0.3 mm)followed by GO (16 0.5 mm)and pristine carbon black (14 0.3 mm). The bactericidal ability of the nanocomposite increased by ?79% compared to pristine carbon black. MIC analysis revealed that the nanocomposite could inhibit the bacterial growth at a much lower concentration (250 ?g/mL)compared to the precursors. The high antibacterial efficacy and long-term stability of graphene-tin oxide nanocomposite synthesized from carbon black facilitates its usage as a potent antibacterial agent in disinfectant and sanitation industry. 2019 Elsevier B.V. -
Surface modulation and structural engineering of graphitic carbon nitride for electrochemical sensing applications /
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol.12, Issue 5, ISSN No: 2193-8865.
The rediscovery of the old-age material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2D conducting polymer, has given rise to a tide of articles exploring its diverse applications. Recently, owing to its excellent physicochemical stability and tunable electronic structure, the material has proven to be an eminent candidate for improving the sensing quality of electrodes. Excellent properties of g-C3N4 such as exposed surface area, metal-free characteristics, and low-cost synthesis have attracted facile and economical designing of sensors for a variety of analyte molecules. Herein, the readers are introduced to the historical development of g-C3N4 and escorted to the present findings of its electrochemical sensing applications. Along with its sensing utilities, the review shares some exciting insights into the synthesis, structural, and surface chemistry modulations of g-C3N4. -
Surface tempering of poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode with spine-like cobalt inorganic phosphate: An efficacious electrochemical metol sensor
N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate (metol) is a photographic developing agent that has a toxic effect on humans and aquatic life. A cost-effective and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed by electrodepositing Co-Pi over poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode (Co-Pi/PTAA/CFP) for the determination of metol (ML). Surface modification of Co-Pi facilitates superior electrocatalytic performance by offering more active sites and faster electron transport kinetics. The Physico-chemical characterization of the fabricated electrode was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Optical profilometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electroanalytical techniques. The electrochemical studies were performed using Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electron Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV). DPV studies revealed excellent sensing performance for ML, with a wide linear dynamic range of 6 nM to 800 nM, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 nM. A distinctive oxidative anodic peak was observed at 0.11 V indicating the excellent electrochemical performance of the electrode. The results suggested that the developed electrode exhibited good catalytic activity, selectivity, and sensitivity towards the electrochemical determination of ML. Further, the developed electrode was extended to its application in real samples obtained from lake water and domestic wastewater. 2022