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Visual Culture, Spectatorship and Humanitarian Disaster: Vanni Eli and the Representation of the Sri Lankan Civil War
This article examines the dialogic encounter between the spectator and the spectacle in the context of war crimes and humanitarian disasters (in this context, the Sri Lankan civil war) in Vanni Eli, a short film by a Sri Lankan Tamizh diasporic filmmaker Tamiliam Subhas. The narrative introduces us not only to the military disaster that is war but also to the humanitarian disasters effected through war. The article studies the role of the spectator who 'witnesses' the torture, and thus complicates the ethics of both the act of torture and the viewing of it.By looking closely at the ingenious ways of narrating torture the article argues that the creative representation of war and disaster implicates within its discourse not merely the participants and the victims of the war alone but also the 'peripheral' subjects like the mice (the film's lead 'actors'), and by extension, the spectators participating in the discursive construction of the victimized. Despite the symbolic disembodiment and effacement of the tortured, their suffering is recognized as a humanitarian disaster with the shared grammar of suffering common to all. 2012 Mudra Institute of Communications. -
Visual encoding of nudge influencers and exploring their effect on sustainable consumption among children
With the growing number of nuclear families that have a higher disposable income, and a willingness to spend for disparate reasons possibly on the only child in the family, children are unquestionably emerging as a critical market segment that marketers would do well to target. However, while marketing to children is necessary, given the current focus on sustainability, encouraging responsible consumption seems to be a prerequisite. Making children environmentally literate would thereby, significantly help in the ongoing efforts to save our planet from environmental degradation. Based on this backdrop, this study investigates the significance of encouraging children to consume 'sustainably'. Drawing upon Richard H Thaler and Cass R Sunstein's Nudge theory, along with the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG -12), we employ a novel methodology to visually encode information gleaned from the extant literature. Specifically, we discuss the significance of developing sustainable habits in children and analyze the 'nudges' that motivate children to adopt sustainable habits. Additionally, we specify different nudge elements derived from the extant literature and plot them in a RADAR chart. We observe that 'simplified process' and 'ease of access' nudging have the greatest effect when delivered in school. This study has academic, managerial, and societal implications. The findings of the study would help managers to focus on the nudges in their campaigns. Research scholars and academicians could understand the significance of using the 'RADAR' chart methodology and can expand their studies in various other domains. The present study also helps to understand the extant literature and plan for future research in the domain of sustainable consumption. The findings of the study would help schools and parents understand the effective nudges that result in creating responsible consumers that would largely benefit society. 2023 The Authors -
Visual merchandizing: Soul of retailing /
Pacific Business Review International, Vol.7, Issue 6, pp.46-53, ISSN No: 0974-438x. -
Voicing Out Parental Experiences of Schooling Their Children with Learning Disabilities: A Qualitative Study of Inclusive Government Schools of India
The paper shone light on the lived experiences of parents of children with learning disabilities. The specific objective was to understand the challenges, experiences and aspirations of parents for their children. A phenomenological study was adopted for the study so as to focus on the experiences of the parents. Participants were parents (female- 17 and male- 3) of children in primary classes, who were identified through purposive sampling from government schools of Delhi, NCR from 3 underdeveloped areas of Delhi - Nangloi, Mangolpuri and Ranhaula. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews and later thematically analyzed. The findings were on the basis of the past and present experiences and further their future aspirations for the children. They revealed that the parents faced challenges with applying and issuance of the UDID certificates, but with the collaborative efforts of the special educator and the parents along with various support systems that are provided by the school their experiences became positive. It was also brought to light that the mother was the main caregiver in most of the cases. All the parents were worried, what will happen to their children if they are not there with them. They aspired that the students will be financially independent and have a safe future ahead of them. They dream of a society where all the students are equal in an inclusive environment. The Author(s) 2025. -
Volatility in Indian stock markets during COVID-19: An analysis of equity investment strategies
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of novel COVID-19 on the returns and volatility of Indian stock markets with special reference to equity investment strategies of the Bombay Stock Exchange. For the purpose of evaluating the impact, the study has applied GARCH. The research has considered a time frame from March 2015 to January 2021. Prior to implementing GARCH model, pre-estimation tests (i.e., augmented Dickey-Fuller and ARCH-Lagrange multiplier) were conducted. Outcomes clearly indicate that the returns during the crisis for all the strategy indices have been negative, which means that the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in massive losses. Additionally, 'during crisis' period showed an increase in volatility for all the strategy indices depicting that the pandemic has a long-lasting effect and will take time to fade off. This research will help the investors in the investment decision process by giving them insights about the different strategies. 2021. -
Voluntary cybersecurity risk disclosures and firms characteristics: the moderating role of the knowledge-intensive industry
Purpose: This study examines voluntary cybersecurity risk disclosures (VCRD) by listed Indian companies. It also investigates how it relates to firm-specific characteristics such as size, leverage, profitability, liquidity, beta, market growth and industry. Design/methodology/approach: The extent of VCRD was measured by assessing the cumulative occurrence of cybersecurity risk keywords in the annual report of 100 listed Indian non-financial companies. Keyword extraction and occurrence counts were performed using Python software. A multiple regression analysis was applied to predict the characteristics of VCRD. Findings: The results showed that the theoretical frameworks underpinned by agency and signalling theories continued to provide a valid explanation of VCRD by Indian companies. Specifically, the findings emphasized the importance of firm size, leverage, and beta as significant VCRD determinants. Additionally, the study found that knowledge-intensive industries had a favourable impact on the extent of VCRD. Research limitations/implications: This study is relevant because it informs company management, regulators and investors about the nature and characteristics of companies that satisfy stakeholder demands to prevent cyber breaches. Originality/value: Understanding disclosure characteristics is crucial from policy and regulatory perspectives. Studies on cybersecurity disclosures are related to developed economies such as the United States of America and Canada. This is the first study to explore this issue in a developing nation, in general, and in India, in particular, where cybersecurity risk disclosure has yet to be recognized. 2025, Harmandeep Singh. -
Wage Rate: Is this Return to Education or Return to Physical Capability? Evidence from Rural India
This paper estimates the wage function for daily labor market participants inSemi-Arid Tropics of rural India within a traditional agrarian framework. Village level data on 18 villages for 20092010 and 20122013 have been used for this study. Three-years balanced panel estimation has also been conducted to test the time invariance of the findings from the cross-sectional study. A modified Mincerian earning equation is estimated for different types of workersregressing upon a set of human capital measures, socioeconomic factors and, demand influences after correcting for potential sample selection bias. The study finds differential impacts of education and physical ability to determine wages for male and female workers. It reveals the greater importance of education in explaining wages of male laborers while for females, nutritional status playing a significant role than education in wage determination process. Among the other factors, drought worksas a major exogenous shock and hence impacts wages badly. Working in the non-farm sector has a significant impact on wages.Also, thewageparticipation relationship has found more operativein the lower section of the society. 2020, Indian Society of Labour Economics. -
Walking an extra mile: Determinants of organizational citizenship behaviorAn exploratory study in faith-based organizations
Objective: Our study is intended to explore the factors that promote organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) in faith-based organizations, which has the potential to extend the scholarly conversation around a previously unexplored context. Methods: Our study used a purposive, homogeneous sampling technique in selecting the participants. We interviewed 30 employees who have at least 5 years of experience in faith-based organizations. We conducted detailed interviews and subsequent analysis involved a rigorous six-step thematic analysis process to better understand the phenomena being studied. Results: Our study revealed the significance of OCB in faith-based organizations and further elucidated those factors that determine the display of OCBs. Our findings have the power to enhance the existing comprehension of OCBs in different environments, specifically those present in faith-based organizations. Our study broadens our conceptual understanding of OCB in faith-based organizations by adding one more dimension to the existing framework of P. MPodsakoff etal. (1990). Conclusion: Our findings have important implications for organizational scholars in faith-based organizations. Our new conceptual framework offers insights into the distinct characteristics of OCBs in faith-based organizations and suggests directions for future scholars to engage with OCBs from different contexts. 2024 by the Southwestern Social Science Association. -
Wall jet nanofluid flow with thermal energy and radiation in the presence of power-law
The effectiveness of jet flow in the energy transfer process has made it very useful in industrial applications. These flows also have higher heat transfer coefficients than traditional cooling through convection. The appliances inclusive of the jet make effective use of fluid and enhance the heat transfer rate. The contemporary article investigates the jet flow of power-law nanofluid past a moving wall. The nanofluid is formed by suspending Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles in water. Furthermore, the jet flow is analyzed in the presence of radiation, which is further assumed to be linear, and the application of Rosseland approximation is considered to be valid. Considering these aspects, the model is designed using partial differential equations (PDE), which are then converted to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE) by implementing certain similarity transformations. Thus, the obtained system is solved using numerical methods, and the results are discussed with the help of graphs. The significant conclusions of the analysis were that the increase in the radiation parameter contributed to the increase in the temperature of the nanofluid. The increase in the Prandtl number reported a decrease in the amount of heat absorbed by the nanofluid. 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Water dispute in Central Asia: Conflict potential
The Central Asian republics (CARs), which emerged as independent states in the post-Soviet phase, faced several challenges. During the Soviet era, the CARs were agriculturally oriented towards the Soviet economy and, accordingly, river water management was also centralized under the command economic model. However, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the CARs had to review the existing water management arrangements. This is where the absence of a Moscow-centric central authority has proven detrimental to the region endowed with two major rivers and their several subsidiaries. In this context, the paper suggests an emphasis on multilateralism, rather than bilateralism, as a more feasible approach to river water management. Clearly, multilateralism would promote a more equitable solution compared to bilateralism, which does not adopt a holistic approach to the region. Considering the fact that the region is characterized by a water crisis in addition to the fragility of the environment makes a multilateral arrangement significantly more appropriate for the region in the long term. 2019, CA and C Press AB. All rights reserved. -
Water is life and death: Symbolic representation in all customs and rituals in India
For the Koch, Koch Rajbongshi, and Rajbanshi people of India, water is central to their culture. They share river music and ancestry. They lost their language in 1931 and split into three or more clans due to flood relocation. They also introduced food, the river, the sun, the moon, the bamboo tree, and cactus plant worship to the highlands. The parent group was identified as tribal in the 1931 census. Still, the Indian government could not grant Koch, Koch Rajbongshi, and Rajbanshi scheduled tribe status for Assam and conserve their culture, traditions, and language. Indian scientists are trying to solve Assam's centuries-old flood issues, which are worsening. The new Indian water framework must treat water access and value of water resources as essentially good and human rights issues. India must review its Assam flood failures and compensate locals. Assam needs political, social, economic, and administrative procedures to develop and manage water resources and offer services at different societal levels. 2023 Policy Studies Organization. -
Wave Height Forecasting over Ocean of Things Based on Machine Learning Techniques: An Application for Ocean Renewable Energy Generation
With the evolution and integration of information and communication technologies, the marine environment is being converted into a smart ocean of things. The only way to monitor the marine environment is to access marine information through satellites, radar, etc. Recently, many researchers have focused their interest on generating power from renewable energy. Among all the available renewable resources, ocean waves are attracting the interest of researchers for power generation. Therefore, this article focuses on designing a data-driven forecasting model for marine renewable energy generation applications. This article applies a novel Gini-impurity-index-based bidirectional long short-term memory model for selecting the best ocean/marine environmental factors to forecast wave height and ultimately predict power generation using the numerical model. This article presents short- and long-term forecasting results. In the experiment, four stations each are taken for both short- and long-term forecasting. The average root-mean-square error was approximately 0.17 for long-term forecasting and approximately 0.05 for short-term forecasting. 1976-2012 IEEE. -
We are Treated as Outsiders in Our Own City: Lived Experiences of Intersectional Stigma Against Sex Workers in Kolkata, India
Introduction: Sex workers in India experience intersectional stigma related to their gender identity, sexuality, and profession. The objective of the present study is to analyze the lived experiences of intersectional stigma against sex workers in Kolkata. Methods: We interviewed 30 cisgender female sex workers in March 2023 in Kolkata, India. Interviews were digitally audio recorded, translated from Bengali into English, and transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Results: We identified five main themes regarding intersectional stigma: (1) internalized stigma regarding the shame associated with being a female sex worker, (2) perceived stigma of sex work as a dirty profession, associated with lower caste status, (3) enacted stigma against sex workers who are mothers, (4) enacted stigma against the children of sex workers, and (5) reduction of stigma through unionization/labor organizing. Conclusions: Intersectional stigma against sex workersis impacted by negative attitudes regarding gender, caste status, single motherhood, and occupation. We identified internalized stigma as a source of shame for sex workers. Sex workers also were perceived to beengaged in afilthy profession, associated with lower caste status. Those sex workers who were mothers experienced discrimination, as did their children. Respondents reported how collectivization has helped to address these experiences of stigma anddiscrimination. Policy Implications: Addressing the intersectional stigma against sex workers in Kolkata necessitates a shift in social attitudes.Findings underscore the urgent need for stigma reduction interventions and socialpolicies, including (1) labor protections for sex workers, (2) individual/community-level interventions for sex workers, and (3) media campaigns to address stigma reduction. By understanding the lived experiences of sex workers, we may develop better interventions to reduce stigma in the lives of sex workers in Kolkata and throughout India. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
We wear multiple hats: Exploratory study of role of special education teachers of public schools in India
The role of special education teachers (SETs) is multifaceted. A gap was recognised in the literature in the lack of studies on the roles and responsibilities of SETs in India and the field realities of carrying out the role. The aim was to explore to what extent the special education teachers fulfil their roles and responsibilities. The following is an exploratory study, using open-ended questions that interviewed 12 SETs from five public schools in Delhi, India. The policy documents shared that the SETs were responsible for direct instruction to special needs students, parentteacher collaboration and documentation, including IEPs for students with special needs. But in practice, there were not any clear-cut boundaries, the SETs played multiple rolesSubject teacher, taking substitution periods, para teachers, these were keeping the SETs away from their core responsibilities. The results of the study demonstrated an undervaluation of the work of SETs and lack of support from the principal and regular teachers. The results concluded with recommendations for policy proposal with regards to defining the role of all stakeholders in an inclusive education school and improvements for the teacher education program. 2024 National Association for Special Educational Needs. -
Weakly Non-linear Stability Analysis of Triple-Diffusive Convection in a Bi-viscous Bingham Fluid Layer with Cross-Diffusion Effects
The paper investigates the impact of cross-diffusion on triple-diffusive convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer. Non-linear stability analysis is performed, and the expression of the critical-Rayleigh-number is obtained, resulting in an analytical solution of the Ginzburg-Landau model (GLM). The coefficients in the GLM involve the scaled Rayleigh-number, the solutal Rayleigh-numbers, the solutal diffusivity rates, the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter, and the cross-diffusion parameters. The solutal Rayleigh-numbers, the solutal diffusivity rates, and the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter alone determine the critical-Rayleigh-number, which provides the condition for the stationary onset. The neutral curves for the stationary mode are examined. It is found that the solutal diffusivities and bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter advance the onset of convection, whereas the solutal Rayleigh-numbers delay it. The Nusselt number, Nu, and the Sherwood numbers, Sh1 and Sh2, determine the heat- and mass-transfer rates obtained for the convection system. We see that Nu, Sh1 and Sh2 increase with an increase in the values of the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter. Also, we observe that increase in the Prandtl number effect increases them, and the same is true of the solutal Rayleigh-numbers, whereas the opposite impact on Nu, Sh1 and Sh2 is seen for solutal diffusivities, Soret and cross-diffusion parameters. In general, we observe that mass-transfer is more than the heat-transfer (Sh1>Sh2>Nu) depending on the value of diffusivities. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature India Private Limited 2024. -
Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of salt-finger convection in a longitudinally infinite cavity
This paper is a two-dimensional linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of the three-dimensional problem of Chang et al. ["Three-dimensional stability analysis for a salt-finger convecting layer,"J. Fluid Mech. 841, 636-653 (2018)] concerning salt-finger convection, which is seen when there is sideways heating and salting along the vertical walls along with a linear variation of temperature and concentration on the horizontal walls. A two-dimensional linear stability analysis is first carried out in the problem with the knowledge that the result could be different from those of a three-dimensional study. A two-dimensional weakly nonlinear stability analysis, that is, then performed points to the possibility of the occurrence of sub-critical motions. Stability curves are drawn to depict various instability regions. With the help of a detailed stability analysis, the stationary mode is shown to be the preferred one compared to oscillatory. Local nonlinear stability analysis of the system is done in a neighborhood of the critical Rayleigh number to predict a sub-critical instability region. The existence of a stable solution at the onset of a weakly nonlinear convective regime is indicated, allowing one to perform a bifurcation study in the problem. Heat and mass transports are discussed by analyzing the Nusselt number, Nu, and Sherwood number, Sh, respectively. A simple relationship is obtained between the Nusselt number and the Sherwood number exclusively in terms of the Lewis number, Le. 2022 Author(s). -
Wear and Friction Behaviour of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Graphite Nano Particles for Vehicle Structures
In the current research work, AA7050 a marine aluminium alloy was reinforced with the nano graphite particles processed through stir casting technique. The scanning electron microstructure reveals that the nano particles were uniformly distributed over the matrix material and the hardness of the composites increase with raise in weight percentage of Gr particles owing to the Hall-Petch effect. The wear experiments were conducted by varying reinforcement, load, velocity, distance and temperature. The experimental runs were designed using the L25 orthogonal array in which wear, coefficient of friction and worn surface hardness were recorded as response. The wear resistance of the composites increases with raise in the graphite content attributed to the formation of mechanical mixed layer, the wear rate transfer from mild to severe when there swift in temperature from 100C to 150C. The worn surface hardness of the composites was higher than the as cast composites owing to the presence of Fe on the surface confirmed through the EDAX mapping. The composites were optimized using the modified PROMETHEE optimization technique and results revealed that AA7050 reinforced with 8% Gr particles showed best result and recommended for the marine sector. 2024. Carbon Magics Ltd. -
WEAR AND FRICTION BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH GRAPHITE NANOPARTICLES
In the current research work, AA7050 a marine aluminium alloy was reinforced with the nano-graphite particles, processed through the stir casting technique. The scanning electron microstructure reveals, that the nanoparticles were uniformly distributed over the matrix material and the hardness of the composites increased with a rise in the weight percentage of Gr particles owing to the Hall patch effect. The wear experiments were conducted by varying reinforcement, load, velocity, distance, and temperature, and the experimental runs were designed using the L25 orthogonal array, in which wear, coefficient of friction and worn surface hardness were recorded as a response. The wear resistance of the composites increases with a rise in the graphite content attributed to the formation of a mechanically mixed layer, the wear rate transfers from mild to severe, when there is shift in temperature from 100C to 150C. The worn surface hardness of the composites was higher than those of as-cast composites owing to the presence of Fe on the surface confirmed through the EDAX mapping. The composites were optimized using the modified PROMETHEE optimization technique and the results revealed that AA7050 reinforced with 8% Gr particles showed the best result and was recommended for the marine sector. 2024, Scibulcom Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Wear characterization of hnt filled glass-epoxy composites using taguchis design of experiments and study of wear morphology
Glass-epoxy composites are increasingly being used in several industrial applications, viz. automobile, marine, aerospace, electrical and electronics components, especially in tribological components, viz. bearings, impellers, cams, driving wheels, bolts, nuts, seals, bushes and gears, which are used extensively in machinery because their lower weight, exceptional strength, resistance to corrosion capabilities, and cost effectiveness. The work focuses on optimization of the process parameters of the dry sliding wear test, viz. the applied load, disc rotation speed, weight percentage (wt.%) of the Halloysite nanotube (HNT) filler, time as well as the track diameter to minimize the wear rate of the glass fabric reinforced epoxy composite against EN-32 steel. In this research, the specimens are fabricated in accordance with the ASTM G-99 standard and the experiment is carried out with various combinations of parameters using a pin-on-disc tribometer, while keeping the time and track diameter constant. To proceed further, trial runs are conducted using MINITAB 19 software to optimize the process parameters for minimum wear by developing Taguchis design of experiments (DOE) based on the L45 orthogonal array (OA), and subse-quent analysis of the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The results of the optimization clearly indicate that the wt.% of HNT is the most significant parameter that has a significant effect on minimizing the applied load, speed and sliding wear rate. In over-view, the experiment results showed that the combined parameters influenced the wear. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is performed to study the surface morphologies of the worn specimens and determine the wear mechanism in accordance with the test results. The wear mechanism clearly indicates that there is a larger amount of matrix debris, fiber breakage and fiber-matrix debonding in the neat composites as compared to the HNT filled glass-epoxy composites since a distinct pattern of micro coring and segregation of the filler along the peripheries of the glass fiber-epoxy interstitial sites, leading to strong bonding between the fibers and matrix are observed in the HNT filled composites. The strong bonding thus resists the wear to a certain extent, and the wear debris is relatively less in the HNT filled composites as compared to the neat composites. 2020, Polish Society of Composite Materials. All rights reserved. -
Web mining patterns discovery and analysis using custombuilt Apriori Algorithm
International Journal of Engineering Inventions Vol.2, Issue 5,pp.16-21 ISSN No. 2278-7461