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Enhanced power quality control of a photo voltaic power plant integrated with multiple electric vehicle
As there is a great need for high-quality electricity on the distribution side, distribution side generation (DSG) has become increasingly important. The increased weight of EVs on the distribution side is the cause of this. There are numerous power quality mitigation techniques employed to address this type of issue, but many of the solutions suggest the usage of a separate device, such as an active power filter. But while construction the DSG the solution to this problem may be addressed using the proposed solution in this paper. Power quality (PQ) problems are being caused by the grids integration of Photo-Voltaic (PV) and its application to all connected loads. With the aid of Direct Quardrature (DQ) controller and Multicarrier Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) technology, the overall power quality disturbance is decreased. A Simulink model for the PV-EV-Grid system was built to measure voltage and current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) percentages under linear, non-linear, and Plug in Hybrid Vehicle (PHEV) load situations. The model shows that the THD values are well within the IEEE 519. Indian Academy of Sciences 2024. -
Photovoltaic Power Plant Performance Improvement with Electric Vehicle Integration: Integrated Control Strategies
The combination of Photovoltaic (PV) systems and Electric Vehicles (EVs) holds enormous promise in an era characterized by growing environmental consciousness and sustainable energy solutions. PV technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that produces electricity by utilizing solar energy. Concurrently, EVs electrification of transportation is a critical step in the direction of lower greenhouse gas emissions and more energy efficiency. Through the use of advanced control systems, this research aims to push the boundaries of current practice in the area of PV and EV integration. Specifically, it focuses on the Icos? controller and dq controller to regulate voltage, minimize Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and facilitate bidirectional power flow. A thorough Simulink model is created, simulating a complicated PV-EV-grid system, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different control mechanisms. This model accommodates the unique characteristics of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and enables a detailed assessment of the percentages of voltage and current THD under different operating situations. It can handle both linear and non-linear loads. Most importantly, the studys findings showthattheTHDvaluesmeetthestrictrequirementsoutlinedinIEEE519, highlighting the efficiency of the integrated control approaches. The research not only contributes to the advancement of PV and EV technologies but also paves the way for grid-compatible, high-quality power distribution. This endeavor facilitates sustainable energy integration while simultaneously reducing the environmental footprint, making substantial strides toward a greener and more energy-efficient future. 2024 Seventh Sense Research Group -
Power quality disturbance mitigation in grid connected photovoltaic distributed generation with plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
In the last twenty years, electric vehicles have gained significant popularity in domestic transportation. The introduction of fast charging technology forecasts increased the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and electric vehicles (PHEVs). Reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) is essential for a distributed power generation system during the electric vehicle (EV) power penetration. This paper develops a combined controller for synchronizing photovoltaic (PV) to the grid and bidirectional power transfer between EVs and the grid. With grid synchronization of PV power generation, this paper uses two control loops. One controls EV battery charging and the other mitigates power quality disturbances. On the grid connected converter, a multicarrier space vector pulse width modulation approach (12-switch, three-phase inverter) is used to mitigate power quality disturbances. A Simulink model for the PV-EV-grid setup has been developed, for evaluating voltage and current THD percentages under linear and non-linear and PHEV load conditions and finding that the THD values are well within the IEEE 519 standards. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Stress analysis of the vertical tail skin joint and estimation of fatigue life due to fluctuating side loads
Vertical tail VT is one of the main components of the airframe. VT is attached with a rudder, which is the control surface, which is used for controlling the yawing motion of the aircraft. The deflection of the rudder introduces side load on the VT. Without rudder deflection, the aerodynamic load will not be applied to the VT. The load due to the deflection of the rudder is the major load for the VT. From a design point of view side, gust load is also important in transport aircraft. The present study is on a critical region with a riveted joint in the VT skin. A stiffened panel of the vertical tail with the spliced skin will be considered for the identification of the critical location. FEM will be used for the analysis of the component. In this study, loads of small transport aircraft will be considered. The maximum stress location and distribution of stresses on the stiffened panel are conducted by the FEM method. To obtain the mesh independent magnitude of stress, a refined local analysis is conducted. The tensile stresses on the skin are caused by the side loads of VT on the stiffened panel. Rivet holes are the stress concentration locations. The locations for fatigue crack initiation is the rivet holes. Fatigue damage estimation is calculated by the use of Miners rule. Fluctuating loads due to rudder deflection will be considered for damage calculation. SN data curve of the aluminium alloy material used for the VT skin will be considered for stress-based damage calculation. TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. -
Experiment investigations of effect of laminate thickness on flexural properties of GLARE and GFRP laminates
The study focuses on the fabrication of Glass Fiber Reinforced Aluminum (GLARE) laminates and evaluation of their flexural properties. Aluminum 2024 (T3) sheets were used for the fabrication of GLARE laminates along with E-glass fiber in the form of chopped strand mat and epoxy resin. Different thickness of aluminum sheets ranging from 0.2 mm to 3.5 mm was used to fabricate the GLARE laminates. Hand layup technique is used to bond together aluminum sheets and epoxy/E-glass fiber laminates under different configurations. The test specimens were prepared as per ASTM standards, and standard three-point bending test was carried out to evaluate different bending characteristics. An increase of 60% in load-bearing capacity was observed when aluminum sheet thickness was an increase from 0.2 mm to 0.35 mm. Similar The results were compared with similar glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) laminates to analyze improvements, whereas, the maximum deflection of the laminate decreased. There were not many improvements in case of bending strength and bending modulus when aluminum sheet thickness was varied. Fracture surface analysis indicated three modes of failure namely, interfacial delamination, delamination bonding, and fiber breakage. When compared with glass fiber reinforced plastics of similar configuration, a substantial increase in bending strength was observed. 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Effect of face sheet on the flexural and tensile characteristics in GLARE laminates
The present study is carried out to study Glass Fibre Reinforced Aluminium Laminate (GLARE) structures and to evaluate their flexural and tensile properties. The GLARE specimens were fabricated using hand layup with vacuum bag moulding process wherein the aluminium sheets and E-Glass fibre woven mats of fixed thickness are bonded together by application of epoxy resins. Three different thicknesses of aluminium alloy (0.2 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm) Al-2024 T3 are used for the purpose of the study. The aluminium sheets are stacked together by application of epoxy resin between the sheets and are cured under a compression moulding machine under constant pressure. The overall thickness of the specimen is maintained constant for 2 mm. The samples were subjected to a three-point bending and tensile test as per ASTM D790 and ASTM D3039 standards, respectively, to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the composites is maximum for the specimen with aluminium 2024 T3 face sheet with a minimum thickness of 0.2 mm; however, with the increase in the thickness, the tensile strength is found to be decreasing. 2021 Engineers Australia. -
Copper Nanoparticles: A Review on Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
An emerging field of science Nanotechnology which is involved in manipulation of atoms and molecules has shown great potential in all fields of sciences. Nanotechnology deals with nanoparticles ranging from size 1 to 100 nm in diameter, due to small size and high surface area eventually increases the state of activity. This review focuses on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and mainly on green synthesis, characterization and application of copper nanoparticles. Green synthesis of copper and copper oxide (Cu and CuO) is economically beneficial and ecofriendly. Copper nanoparticles are used in diverse fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, bioremediation, molecular biology, bioengineering, genetic engineering, dye degradation, catalysis, cosmetics and textiles. Structural properties and biological effects of copper nanoparticles have promising effectivity in field of life sciences 2020. All rights reserved. -
GST and its Impact on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises - A Study of Peenya Industrial Area in Banglaore, Karnataka
The introduction of Goods and Service Tax on 1st July, 2017 has revamped the tax structure and carved out a new path for the Indian economy. The new tax regime was envisioned to be free of all the problems of the previous tax system but, however since its proposal it has received mixed reviews from industries, academia and others. With extensive changes aimed at One Nation One Tax, it has left massive impact on the Small Scale Industries too. Hence this paper critically analyses the impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on Small Scale Industries specifically in Karnataka. Existing literature says that GST shall reduce the cost of doing business, increases transparency, decreases prices of product, increase tax compliance and improve ease of doing business. This paper proves some of these assertions through a primary data research and further identifies the need of reforms with respect to separation of definition of job work and labour work, penalties for non-payment of GST, dual administration and issues pending from the previous tax regime. It has also clearly established that composition scheme has been a non-performer and the reverse charge mechanism must be re-introduced later or revamped to balance its costs and benefits. Thus the study has implications for policy makers, industries and academia and also provides a better understanding of the new tax system itself. 2021 Lichchavi Harishekar et al., published by Sciendo 2021. -
An Effective Strategy and Mathematical Model to Predict the Sustainable Evolution of the Impact of the Pandemic Lockdown
There have been considerable losses in terms of human and economic resources due to the current coronavirus pandemic. This work, which contributes to the prevention and control of COVID-19, proposes a novel modified epidemiological model that predicts the epidemics evolution over time in India. A mathematical model was proposed to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in India during the lockdowns implemented by the government of India during the first and second waves. What makes this study unique, however, is that it develops a conceptual model with time-dependent characteristics, which is peculiar to Indias diverse and homogeneous societies. The results demonstrate that governmental control policies and suitable public perception of risk in terms of social distancing and public health safety measures are required to control the spread of COVID-19 in India. The results also show that Indias two strict consecutive lockdowns (21 days and 19 days, respectively) successfully helped delay the spread of the disease, buying time to pump up healthcare capacities and management skills during the first wave of COVID-19 in India. In addition, the second waves severe lockdown put a lot of pressure on the sustainability of many Indian cities. Therefore, the data show that timely implementation of government control laws combined with a high risk perception among the Indian population will help to ensure sustainability. The proposed model is an effective strategy for constructing healthy cities and sustainable societies in India, which will help prevent such a crisis in the future. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Factors effecting employees willingness to stay in information technology industry /
The International Journal of Nepalese Academy of Management, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp.284-303, 2091-2471 (Print), 2091-248X (Online) -
Moderating influence of critical psychological states on work engagement and personal outcomes in the telecom sector /
Sage Journals, Vol.4, Issue 2, pp.584-592. -
Organizational justice in higher educational institutions /
NHRD Network Journal, Vol.7, Issue 4, pp.254-270, ISSN No: 0974-1739. -
Cold spray deposition of hydroxyapatite powder onto magnesium substrates for biomaterial applications
A simple, modified, cold spray process was developed in which hydroxyapatite powder was coated onto pure magnesium substrates preheated to 350 or 550C and ground to either 240 or 2000 grit surface roughness, with stand-off distances of 20 or 40 mm. The procedure was repeated five and 10 times. The hydroxyapatite coatings did not show any phase changes. Atomic force microscopy revealed a uniform coating topography, and scanning electron microscopy revealed good bonding between the coated layers and the substrates. As the p values were < 0.05, all factors except the number of sprays were considered to be significant. The response optimiser indicated that a 22.7 mm stand-off distance, a 649.2 grit surface roughness and a 496C substrate heating temperature produced good hydroxyapatite coatings of 46.3 ?m thickness, 436.5 MPa nanohardness and 43.9 GPa elastic modulus. The modified cold spray technique with substrate heating showed promising results in terms of product coating thickness and mechanical properties. 2015 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. -
Optimization of multiple responses using overlaid contour plot and steepest methods analysis on hydroxyapatite coated magnesium via cold spray deposition
In this work, sequential optimization strategy based statistical design was employed to enhance the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite coatings onto a pure magnesium substrate using a cold spray technique. A fractional factorial design (24-1) was applied to elucidate the process parameters that significantly affected the mechanical properties of the coating samples. Standoff distance, surface roughness, and substrate heating temperature were identified as important process parameters affecting thickness, nanohardness, and the elastic modulus of the coating sample. The overlaid method analysis was employed to determine tradeoff optimal values from multiple regressive equations. Then, finally, steepest method analysis was used to reconfirm and relocate the optimal domain from which the factor levels for maximum mechanical properties of the coating were determined at 49.77mm standoff distance, 926.4grit surface roughness, and 456C substrate heating temperature, which can accommodate the optimum requirements for the cold spray process with a coating of 49.77?m thickness, 462.61MPa nanohardness, and 45.69GPa elastic modulus. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a short standoff distance, high surface roughness, and high substrate temperatures improved the bond between the coated layers and substrates. 2015 Elsevier B.V. -
Control of NOx from a DI diesel engine with hot EGR and ethanol fumigation: An experimental investigation
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are one of the major hazardous pollutants from diesel engine emission. Various control technologies exist for its control but each technique has advantages and disadvantages. At present, there is no single optimal technique that can control NOx without other side effects. Technologies available for NOx reductions either cause fuel penalty or increase other polluting emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an effective technique in controlling oxides of nitrogen in diesel engines but do not become attractive at higher loads and higher percentage of recirculated gas as combustion tends to deteriorate at higher loads leading to reduced engine thermal efficiency and increased hydrocarbon and smoke emission. Ethanol is an established alternate fuel used in diesel engine either as a blend or fumigated using a separate injector. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine to examine the effect of EGR temperature on NOx and other emission constituents. Hot EGR gave better results up to 30% EGR rate but EGR cooling was found better in terms of NOx reductions and efficiency. It was found that NOx reductions up to 88% was possible but at the cost of about 18% loss in thermal efficiency. This inconvenience of fuel penalty caused by Exhaust Gas Recirculation can be overcome by applying ethanol fumigation. The findings of experimental results for this combined technique are presented in this paper. With this combined technique, apart from reducing the oxides of nitrogen, engine power and efficiency approaches to that of only diesel combustion condition with improvements in smoke, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. 2013 The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. -
Crossing numbers of complete bipartite graphs and complete graphs
The crossing number of a graph is the smallest number of two edge crossings over all planar representations of the graph. In this paper, we investigate the crossing numbers of complete bipartite and complete graphs. Further, we identify optimal drawings and present results on crossing numbers of these classes of graphs. In addition, Zarankiewicz's conjecture on complete bipartite graphs and Guy's conjecture on complete graphs are verified to be true. 2018 Sanjith Hebbar, Tabitha Agnes Mangam. -
Enhancement of tensile strength and elastic modulus using bio-waste based carbon nanospheres doped polymer nanocomposites
The Carbon Nano Spheres (CNS) derived from areca nuts were synthesized from pyrolysis process and were used as fillers for fabrication of polymer nano composite materials. The filler materials are loaded in 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.5% loading percentages. The optimum sample was subjected to heat treatment. The tensile strength, elastic modulus and % of elongation were investigated for all samples. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images revealed the morphological features of optimum samples and hence the uniform dispersion of CNS in polymer matrix. The 0.1% samples showed 10% improvement in Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and 24% improvement in Elastic modulus compared to bare epoxy material. When 0.1% samplewas subjected to heat treatment under 200C the UTS improved by 23%. Hence, CNS reinforced composite materials exhibited unique properties like high strength, less weight and low cost making them suitable for various structural applications such as aerospace, automotive, construction, and electronics industries. The Polymer Society, Taipei 2024. -
Biogenic synthesis of Pd-nanoparticles using Areca Nut Husk Extract: a greener approach to access ?-keto imides and stilbenes
An eco-friendly green method for a one-step synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and their synthetic utility are reported. Phytochemicals like amines, alcohols, and phenols present in the Areca Nut Husk extract facilitate the reduction of Pd(ii) to Pd(0). The phytochemicals serve as stabilising agents and ligands for palladium reduction and the need for an external ligand is avoided. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy of newly synthesized palladium nanoparticles revealed a spherical morphology. The catalytic activity of the nanoparticles was tested for 1,2-difunctionalization of ynamides, Heck coupling, denitrogenative coupling of phenylhydrazine and C-H arylation of indole. Moreover, catalyst recyclability, control experiments, mechanistic elucidation, and gram-scale synthesis are elaborated. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2021. -
Titanium based dual behavioral magnetic nanocomposite for ipso-hydroxylation and selective oxidation reactions under white light
A new titanium-based magnetic nanocomposite was prepared using facile method. The characterization of the prepared nanocomposite by various analytical techniques confirmed the successful coating of TiO2 on to the magnetic surface. A vital role of the prepared nanocomposite as photocatalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ipso-hydroxylation of aryl boronic acids under the illumination of tailor-made set up employing white light was demonstrated. The nanocatalyst was recycled and it retained excellent catalytic activity towards both the reactions upto several cycles demonstrating the excellent heterogeneous nature and possible application in the industries ensuring the sustainability. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Magnetically retractable tea extract stabilized palladium nanoparticles for denitrogenative cross-coupling of aryl bromides with arylhydrazines under green conditions: An alternate route for the biaryls synthesis
Novel palladium based magnetic nanocatalyst was synthesized by the co-precipitation method and coated with silica and tea extract as stabilizing agent. Palladation onto the prepared nanocomposite was done to get ION-SiO2/TE-Pd(0) catalyst. Our study is one of the limited number of studies reported for the catalytic denitrogenative coupling of arylbromide and arylhydrazine. This led to the construction of important substituted biaryls bearing various substituents with 8292% yields. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using structural and morphological characterization techniques. It was also observed that only 2 mol% of ION-SiO2/TE-Pd(0) catalyst was sufficient for the catalysis and reusable upto six cycles. 2024 The Authors