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Recognition and Understanding of Emotions in Persons with Mild to Moderate Mental Retardation
Deficits in intellectual ability have been linked to deficits in emotion understanding and consequently social competence. Research suggests that individuals with mental retardation exhibit deficits in their ability to identify emotional states in themselves and others, relative to normal mental age matched controls and peers and display an inability to decode facial expressions of emotion. Emotional experience is elicited in part by a cognitive appraisal of a situation toward a goal. However, the ecological validity of previous studies is limited. In this study we developed new materials to investigate the emotion understanding skills of persons with mild to moderate mental retardation. Six tasks included faces displaying emotion in context, comic strips, audio, video and audio-visual material of individuals expressing emotions in context. Results indicated that the mentally retarded were able to identify emotions in context than expressions without context and emotion understanding improved with increasing contextual cues and dynamic content. 2014, Springer India Pvt. Ltd. -
Development of Green Synthesized Novel Carbon Dots from Ruta Graveolens L. for Fluorescent and Intracellular Sensing of Mercury Ions in Pico-molar (pm) Concentration
Green nanotechnology, which uses carbon nanomaterials for environmental remediation, is the pioneer among the prevailing approaches for the production and characterization. In the present study, highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) from Ruta Graveolens (ARH-CD) is developed, and its efficacy as a fluorescent sensor and biomarker is investigated. They act as a fluorescence sensor for Hg2+ over an extensive concentration range of 1 picomolar (pm) to 1 molar (m), with a detection limit as low as 26.75 pm. The studies reveal ARH-CD as an effective biomarker for intracellular toxicity analysis and a fluorescent probe for multi-colored (blue, green, and red) imaging of HEK293 cell lines. After 24 h of incubation, it is found that the ARH material reveals noticeable biocompatibility and visible fluorescence, with a viability of 98.88% at 5 gmL?1 and over 78.33% even at a concentration of 100 gmL?1. The IC50 value for the MTT assay for cell viability results is calculated to be 224.56 4.67 g, which further confirms the appreciable biocompatibility of the ARH-CD. The obtained samples are effective in being inspected for the intracellular detection of Hg2+ and serve as a possible candidate for cell imaging. 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Polymer-Carbon nanocomposite: Synthesis, optical and biocidal properties
Microorganism contamination of food storage, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, and especially biomedical equipment is a severe problem. Bacteria frequently contaminate permanent implantations after long-term usage. To successfully treat these infections, it is essential to monitor microbial activity and know how it interacts with antibodies in real-time. In this work, a nanocarbon-polymer nanocomposite (ARPD) is successfully developed, and its antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms is successfully validated. Obtained antibacterial results confirm that the photoluminescent ARPD demonstrated outstanding antibacterial action against the microorganism Escherichia coli from the selected group of bacteria. The fluorescent diagnostics and treatments offer exciting possibilities for the luminescence and biocidal activity of nanocomposite produced from ARH-PVDF nanomaterials. 2023 The Author(s) -
Rupturing Terracotta: Entangled Exchanges of the Hand and the Machine in South India
Through an examination of changing methods for making and using terracotta tile and brick this article explores the complex hybridity and productive tensions that emerged in the nineteenth century between indigenous and colonial systems of architecture and construction in South India. Outlining a general shift from handmade to mechanized processes, it further argues that a decolonial reading may provide a fruitful new approach to comprehending architectural history on the subcontinent. The article brings to the forefront how the indigenous-colonial encounter caused a rupture in the making of buildings that complicated the language and processes of architecture and construction in India forever. 2023, International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments (IASTE). All rights reserved. -
Exploring the agency of policy through ecological urbanism for climate action: water and sanitation systems of Bengaluru
The cities of the world have been the exploiters of resources and the largest generators of waste. This paper explores the concept of Ecological Urbanism as a framework to convert cities from being waste generators to resource producers. The example of the wastewater from Bengaluru going into the lakes of Kolar is studied. The treated wastewater of the city reaches Kolar to fill its lakes, which subsequently recharges the groundwater. One citys waste becomes anothers resource in this process. The case of Kolar-Bengaluru is studied while asking critical questions of urban-rural planning with ecology as a main premise. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Active galactic nucleus feedback in NGC 3982
The energetic feedback from supermassive black holes can influence star formation at the centres of galaxies. Observational evidence for active galactic nucleus (AGN) impact on star formation can be searched for in galaxies by combining ultraviolet imaging and optical integral field unit data. The ultraviolet flux directly traces recent star formation, and the integral field unit data can reveal dust attenuation, gas ionisation mechanisms, and gas kinematics from the central regions of the galaxy disk. A pilot study on NGC 3982 shows star formation suppression in the central regions of the galaxy, likely due to negative AGN feedback, and enhanced star formation in the outer regions. The case of NGC 3982 could be observational evidence of AGN feedback operating in a Seyfert galaxy. 2022 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved. -
UVIT view of Centaurus A: A detailed study on positive AGN feedback
Supermassive black holes at the centre of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) produce relativistic jets that can affect the star formation characteristics of the AGN hosts. Observations in the ultraviolet (UV) band can provide an excellent view of the effect of AGN jets on star formation. Here, we present a census of star formation properties in the Northern Star-forming Region (NSR) that spans about 20 kpc of the large radio source Centaurus A hosted by the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 5128. In this region, we identified 352 UV sources associated with Cen A using new observations at an angular resolution of <1.5 arcsec observed with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat. These observations were carried out in one far-ultraviolet (FUV; ?mean = 1481 and three near-ultraviolet (NUV; with ?mean of 2196, 2447, and 2792 respectively) bands. The star-forming sources identified in UV tend to lie in the direction of the jet of Cen A, thereby suggesting jet triggering of star formation. Separating the NSR into Outer and Inner regions, we found the stars in the Inner region to have a relatively younger age than the Outer region, suggesting that the two regions may have different star formation histories. We also provide the UVIT source catalogue in the NSR. 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Curvit: An open-source Python package to generate light curves from UVIT data
Curvit is an open-source Python package that facilitates the creation of light curves from the data collected by the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat, Indias first multi-wavelength astronomical satellite. The input to Curvit is the calibrated events list generated by the UVIT-Payload Operation Center (UVIT-POC) and made available to the principal investigators through the Indian Space Science Data Center. The features of Curvit include: (i) automatically detecting sources and generating light curves for all the detected sources and (ii) custom generation of light curve for any particular source of interest. We present here the capabilities of Curvit and demonstrate its usability on the UVIT observations of the intermediate polar FO Aqr as an example. Curvit is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/prajwel/curvit. 2021, Indian Academy of Sciences. -
Machine Transliteration of Handwritten MODI Script to Devanagari using Deep Neural Networks
The transliteration process involves transcribing words from the source language into the target language that uses a different script. Language and scriptural hurdles can be overcome via transliteration systems. There is a demand for automated transliteration systems due to the existence of several languages and the growing number of multilingual speakers. This study focuses on the Machine Transliteration of handwritten MODI script to Devanagari. MODI script was the official script for Marathi till 1950. Although Devanagari has, since then, taken over as the Marathi languages official script, the MODI script has historical significance as large volumes of its manuscripts are preserved in libraries across different parts of India. However, MODI into Devanagari transliteration is a difficult task because MODI script documents are complex in nature and there is no standard dataset available for the experiment. Machine Transliteration can be approached either as a Natural Language Processing task or as a pattern recognition task. In this research work, the transliteration task is carried out using the pattern recognition technique. The transliteration of MODI script to Devanagari is implemented using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) based Calamari OCR, which is open-source software. An accuracy of 88.14% is achieved in character level matching of each word in the MODI to Devanagari transliteration process. When considering the entire word matching, the accuracy achieved is 61%. Machine Transliteration of MODI script documents results in the retrieval of large repositories of knowledge from ancient MODI manuscripts. (2024), (Research Institute of Intelligent Computer Systems). All rights reserved. -
Addiction treatment in India: Legal, ethical and professional concerns reported in the media
As per the Magnitude of Substance Use in India 2019 survey report, over 57 million of the Indian population is in need of professional help for alcohol use disorders and around 7.7 million for opioid use disorders. The increasing demand for addiction treatment services in India calls for professionalising every aspect of the field. Frequent human rights violations and various unethical practices in Indian addiction treatment facilities have been reported in the mass media. This study is a content analysis of newspaper reports from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 looking into legal, ethical and professional concerns regarding the treatment of substance use disorders in India. The content analysis revealed various human rights violations, the use of improper treatment modalities, the lack of basic facilities at treatment settings, and the presence of unqualified professionals in practice. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2021. -
Social groupwork for promoting psychological well-being of adolescents enrolled in sponsorship programs
Background: The dearth of data on adolescents highlighted in the UN's data disaggregation against the agenda 'no one left behind' calls for research on 'the second decade'. Moreover, India is a country with the world's largest adolescent population, and as such, studies and policies for developing competencies of adolescents are crucial to the country's development; interventions instilling confidence to aspire to a better future in underprivileged adolescents are vital to mitigate inequity. Methods: This intervention study adopted a quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness of social groupwork in raising the psychological well-being of adolescents in child sponsorship programs in Kerala. Forty adolescents from a Child Sponsorship Program (CSP) center in Kochi were recruited for the study. Those suggested by the CSP center considering their poor academic performance and behavior problems were allocated to the intervention group and the rest to the comparison group. The intervention was designed in response to the information garnered through a preliminary study and administered to the intervention group (n=20). We conducted pre-test and post-test for both the intervention group and comparison group (n=20). Results: Comparison between pre- and post-measurements carried out using paired sample t-test for the intervention group and comparison group separately gave a p-value of <0.05 for the intervention group and >0.05 for the comparison group. Thus, it was proved that psychological well-being of participants in the intervention group was raised significantly due to the social group work intervention. Conclusions: Applying refined granularity, this research adds data specifically on adolescents enrolled in child sponsorship programs and sets a blueprint for social groupwork to improve their psychological well-being. Proposing a conceptual framework for child sponsorship programs, this study recommends further research in all aspects of its functioning, and interventions at group, family, and community levels, for the well-being and empowerment of marginalized adolescents. 2021 Joseph S and Karalam DSRB. -
Social Work Intervention Research in Child Sponsorship Programs: Enhancing Psychological Well-being of Marginalized Adolescents
The Child Sponsorship Program (CSP) is critical to enhancing the objective and subjective well-being of enrollees. Meanwhile, social work interventions emphasize scientific approaches aimed at empowering marginalized populations. This intervention research (IR) was focused on raising the psychological well-being (PWB) of adolescents in a prominent CSP located in Kochi, Kerala. Preliminary findings from a pilot study underscored the need for intervention, and subsequent Delphi survey results guided the formulation of an intervention strategy. Capitalizing on the transformative power of peer groups, IR implemented a social group work intervention to enhance adolescent PWB in CSP. Using a nonequivalent comparison group interrupted time-series design, the PWB of participants in the intervention group (IG, N = 20) and comparison group (CG, N = 20) was measured and compared. Ryffs PWB scale with 42 items served as the assessment instrument. Descriptive statistics confirmed the normal distribution of baseline data for all participants (N = 40), while repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS 25 validated the alternative hypothesis, indicating significant differences in PWB measures over time within IG and between IG and CG. Additionally, along with statistical evidence of intervention effectiveness, this study used a qualitative design for ongoing evaluation of the intervention process, providing insights for program refinement and demonstrating intervention outcomes. By defining a model for group work intervention among CSP adolescents to improve PWB, this study underscores the important role of social work interventions in empowering marginalized populations. The Author(s) 2024. -
Knowledge society and the era of post-truth: Challenges to democracy
The future of any country in the contemporary era lies in its ability to harness the knowledge potential. The fruits of knowledge society have transformed the terrain of social and political scenario of countries around the world. Democracy as a form of government, to be successful, requires a critically-engaged and politically literate population. Democracy, therefore, requires not only political literacy but also media and digital literacies given the influence of media in our lives. If democracy is viewed as a relationship between knowledge and power, there needs to be a strong distinction between the ideas, the truth of power and the power of truth. The term, 'Post-truth', signifies that objective facts have become less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal beliefs. The political processes in various democracies seem to have become more managerial and technologically fixated. There has been significant erosion in the ideas of transparency of information and political leadership has become nothing but a propaganda exercise. The paper analyses how the information technology revolution and the surge of new media has impacted the political processes in democracies, and presents the phenomenon of post-truth as a threat to the modern democratic systems. 2019 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore). -
India as a climate leader in the indo-pacific: challenges and opportunities
The non-traditional security threats in the form of incessant floods, cyclones, and all-time rising sea levels in the Indo-Pacific region call for an integrated and constructive response led by a climate leader. Climate change is seen way beyond the lens of a mere environmental catastrophe having the potential to destabilize a nations economy and polity. The global state and non-state actors have acknowledged climate change to be an alarming global security threat. However, the failure of collective management of the climate crisis has mandated a responsible climate leader to monitor the mitigation efforts. In the context of initiatives like the National Solar Mission that envisages India to be a global leader in solar energy, the paper intends to weigh the possibilities for Indias role as a cogent climate leader in the Indo-Pacific region. It seeks to evaluate Indias climate leadership based on its green policies and assistance to Indo-Pacific countries. 2024 Indian Ocean Research Group. -
Supreme court dialogue classification using machine learning models
Legal classification models help lawyers identify the relevant documents required for a study. In this study, the focus is on sentence level classification. To be more precise, the work undertaken focuses on a conversation in the supreme court between the justice and other correspondents. In the study, both the nae Bayes classifier and logistic regression are used to classify conversations at the sentence level. The performance is measured with the help of the area under the curve score. The study found that the model that was trained on a specific case yielded better results than a model that was trained on a larger number of conversations. Case specificity is found to be more crucial in gaining better results from the classifier. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Linear and non-linear analyses of electrothermo convection in a micropolar fluid
The linear and weakly non-linear stability analyses of electrothermo convention in a micropolar fluid layer heated from below are studied. The linear and non-linear analyses are, respectively, based on normal mode technique and truncated representation of Fourier series. The influence of various parameters on the onset of convection has been analyzed in the linear case. The resulting autonomous Lorenz model obtained in non-linear analysis is solved numerically to quantify the heat transfer through Nusselt number. It is observed that the increase in concentration of suspended particles stabilizes the system and decreases the heat transfer and increase in electric Rayleigh number destabilizes the system and increases the heat transfer. 2017 Pushpa Publishing House, Allahabad, India. -
Hybrid Bacterial Foraging Optimization with Sparse Autoencoder for Energy Systems
The Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has gained significant interest in the design of smart grids (SGs). The increasing amount of distributed generations, maturity of existing grid infrastructures, and demand network transformation have received maximum attention. An essential energy storing model mostly the electrical energy stored methods are developing as the diagnoses for its procedure was becoming further compelling. The dynamic electrical energy stored model using Electric Vehicles (EVs) is comparatively standard because of its excellent electrical property and flexibility however the chance of damage to its battery was there in event of overcharging or deep discharging and its mass penetration deeply influences the grids. This paper offers a new Hybridization of Bacterial foraging optimization with Sparse Autoencoder (HBFOA-SAE) model for IoT Enabled energy systems. The proposed HBFOA-SAE model majorly intends to effectually estimate the state of charge (SOC) values in the IoT based energy system. To accomplish this, the SAE technique was executed to proper determination of the SOC values in the energy systems. Next, for improving the performance of the SOC estimation process, the HBFOA is employed. In addition, the HBFOA technique is derived by the integration of the hill climbing (HC) concepts with the BFOA to improve the overall efficiency. For ensuring better outcomes for the HBFOA-SAE model, a comprehensive set of simulations were performed and the outcomes are inspected under several aspects. The experimental results reported the supremacy of the HBFOA-SAE model over the recent state of art approaches. 2023 CRL Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Unpacking the burden of hypertension and diabetes in Karnataka: implications for policy and practice based on NFHS-5 findings
Objective: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and healthcare-seeking patterns of hypertension and diabetes in Karnataka, India, and to offer knowledge that might guide public health initiatives intended to lessen the burden of these illnesses. Methods: In order to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and healthcare-seeking behaviour of hypertension and diabetes in Karnataka, India, a cross-sectional study is carried out using the information gathered from 26,574 households on 30,455 women and 4516 men (who were in their reproductive period) from the National Family Health Survey (201920). The information was summarised using descriptive statistics, which included frequencies and percentages. The association between different risk variables and the likelihood of getting diabetes and hypertension was examined using the chi-squared test and a logistic regression model. Data were analysed using STATA software version 16. Results: The study found that age, gender, education level, religion, and BMI are all significantly associated with hypertension and diabetes (p < 0.001). Tobacco use and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with hypertension, but tobacco use was significantly associated with diabetes (p < 0.001). However, alcohol consumption was not found to be significantly associated with diabetes whereas the older age groups, males, underweight, overweight and obese, and tobacco use were all associated with increased odds of diabetes. On the other hand, females, secondary education or higher, and alcohol consumption were associated with decreased odds of diabetes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study found a high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Karnataka, India, and identified several risk factors associated with these diseases. The study also highlighted the need for improved healthcare-seeking behaviour among people with hypertension and diabetes. The findings can inform public health interventions aimed at reducing the burden of these diseases in Karnataka and similar settings. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India 2023. -
On the quick estimation of probability of recovery from COVID-19 during first wave of epidemic in India: a logistic regression approach
The COVID-19 pandemic has recently become a threat all across the globe with the rising cases every day and many countries experiencing its outbreak. According to the WHO, the virus is capable of spreading at an exponential rate across countries, and India is now one of the worst-affected country in the world. Researchers all around the world are racing to come up with a cure or treatment for COVID-19, and this is creating extreme pressure on the policy makers and epidemiologists. However, in India the recovery rate has been far better than in other countries, and is steadily improving. Still in such a difficult situation with no effective medicine, it is essential to know if a patient with the COVID-19 is going to recover or die. To meet this end, a model has been developed in this article to estimate the probability of a recovery of a patient based on the demographic characteristics. The study used data published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India for the empirical analysis. Hemlata Joshi, S. Azarudheen, M. S. Nagaraja, Singh Chandraketu. -
P-energy of generalized Petersen graphs
For a given graph G, its P-energy is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of the P-matrix of G. In this article, we explore the P-energy of generalized Petersen graphs G(p; k) for various vertex partitions such as independent, domatic, total domatic and k-ply domatic partitions and partition containing a perfect matching in G(p; k). Further, we present a python program to obtain the P-energy of G(p; k) for the vertex partitions under consideration and examine the relation between them. 2022 The authors.