Browse Items (9795 total)
Sort by:
-
Investigation of launch power and regenerator placement effect on the design of mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical WDM networks
In recent years, owing to the consistent increase in volume and heterogeneity of the traffic, telecommunication networks have undergone significant innovations. Existing studies have shown that, by adopting a mixed-line-rate (MLR) strategy, wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks can cost-effectively respond to the diverse variety of traffic requirements which have heterogeneous service demands. However, due to the existence of physical layer impairments [specifically cross-phase modulation (XPM)], adjacent channels on different line rates may exhibit serious degradation of signal quality and optical reach. In such cases, launch power governs the bit-error rate as it affects both the signal and the noise power due to XPM. Therefore, an intelligent choice of launch power on different line rates can significantly reduce the network cost. Further, in MLR optical networks, trade-off between regenerator placement and the launch power attains importance and needs to be addressed. In this work, we investigate the launch power and regenerator placement effect on the design of a MLR WDM optical network. The obtained simulation results show that the network cost is (i) mainly controlled by power values of the 10/100/400 Gbps channels, and (ii) decreases for a cost model in which, compared to 10G transponders, high-bit-rate transponders have higher cost decay. Further, with a lower cost model, it is found that more numbers of regenerators can be deployed, simultaneously minimizing the network cost. 2017, Springer Science+Business Media New York. -
Spectral and power efficiency investigation in single- and multi-line-rate optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks
In order to tackle the increasing heterogeneous global Internet traffic, mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks have emerged as the cost- and power-efficient solution. In MLR WDM networks, channels are structured as sub-bands, each of which consists of wavelengths operating at a similar data rate. By reducing the (1) spacing within a sub-band, or (2) spacing between sub-bands operating at different data rates, spectral efficiency can be improved. However, owing to high physical layer impairment levels, decrease in sub-band spacing adversely affects transmission reach of the channels, which results in higher power consumption due to requirement of increased signal regeneration. In this work, we compare power efficiency of various MLR and single-line-rate (SLR) solutions, and also investigate the trade-off that exists between spectral and power efficiency in a WDM network. Simulation results indicate that (1) for high transmission capacities, a combination of 100Gbps transponders and 40Gbps regenerators will obtain the highest power efficiency; (2) for long connection distances, a point ofmerging occurs for various SLR and MLR designs, where power consumption is independent of the frequency band distribution; and (3) for MLR systems, both spectral and power efficiency can be improved by using either shorter links with higher bandwidth assignment to 100Gbps wavelengths, or longer links with higher bandwidth assignment to 40Gbps wavelengths. Finally, the results indicate that focusing on spectral efficiency alone results in extra power consumption, since high quality of transmission and spectral efficiency leads to increased regeneration. 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. -
Launch power determination algorithm for dynamic traffic provisioning in mixed-line-rate optical wavelength division multiplexed networks
In transparent mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical networks, different line rates, on different wavelengths, can coexist on the same fibre. However, along the path, signal experiences various physical layer impairments (PLIs), and its quality also degrades. A major factor that affects transmission quality is launch power of the optical signal. On one hand, power must be high enough to ensure less noise at receiver; on the other hand, it must be lower than the limit where PLIs start to distort the signal. Further, high launch power is disruptive to both, the actual lightpath and its neighbours. In this study, we investigate the problem of determining appropriate launch power for provisioning dynamic connection requests in transparent MLR networks. We propose a heuristic that determines the appropriate launch power of a lightpath. The PLI-average (PLI-A) approach is based on the optical reach of signals, is practical, and can adapt to the needs of network operators. Results show that performances of the proposed approach are better than the existing schemes. Copyright 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Physical layer impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment (PLI-RWA) strategy for mixed line rate (MLR) wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
The ever increasing global Internet traffic is resulting in a serious upgrade of the current optical networks' capacity. The legacy infrastructure can be enhanced not only by increasing the capacity, but also by adopting advance modulation formats, having increased spectral efficiency at higher data rate. In a mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical network, different line rates, on different wavelengths, can coexist on the same fiber. Further, studies have shown that migration to data rates higher than 10Gbps requires implementation of phase modulation schemes. However, the co-existing On-Off Keying (OOK) channels cause critical physical layer impairments (PLIs) to the phase modulated channels, mainly due to cross-phase modulation (XPM), which in turn limits the network's performance. In order to mitigate this effect, a more sophisticated PLI-Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) scheme needs to be adopted. In this work, we investigate the critical impairment for each data rate and the way it affects the quality of transmission (QoT). We propose a novel PLI-RWA algorithm for MLR optical networks. The proposed algorithm is compared through simulations with the existing shortest path and minimum hop routing schemes. 2015 IEEE -
A novel launch power determination strategy for physical layer impairment-aware (PLI-A) lightpath provisioning in mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical networks
In mixed-line-rate (MLR) networks, various data rates, on varied wavelengths, exist on a fiber. In MLR networks, end-to-end lightpaths can be established with the desired line rate; requiring advanced modulation formats for higher data rates. However, along the route, the signals experience different physical layer impairments (PLIs), and their quality also worsens. The transmission signal quality is affected by the launch power, which must be high for lesser noise at the receiver, and must also be low, such that the PLIs do not start to distort the signal. Further, higher launch power also disrupts the existing lightpath and its neighbours. We propose a weighted strategy for provisioning PLI-aware (PLI-A) lightpaths in MLR networks. Through the simulations, we compare and demonstrate that the proposed strategy demonstrates better performances than our previously proposed algorithm (i.e. PLI-Average (PLI-A)), and existing approaches. 2016 IEEE. -
Education as a Determinant of E - Governance Adoption: A Cse Study of Tele Centres of Karnataka
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 13, pp. 32-38. -
Transparency and effective e-governance: A case of telecentres in the Indian state of Karnataka /
Transforming Government : People, Process And Policy, Vol.11, Issue 4, pp.506-522, ISSN: 1750-6166. -
E-governance service quality and effective e-governance: A qualitative evaluation of telecentres of Karnataka /
Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 1272-1288, ISSN: 2249-7315. -
E-governance diffusion in the telecenters of Karnataka - a gender analysis /
International Journal of Business Information Systems, Vol.24, Issue 4, pp.452-468, ISSN: 1746-0980 (Print), 1746-0980 (Online). -
A survey on next-generation Mixed Line Rate (MLR) and energy-driven Wavelength-Division Multiplexed (WDM) optical networks /
Journal of Optical Communications, Vol.36, Issue 2, pp.516-532, ISSN No: 2191-6322. -
A novel dynamic Physical Layer Impairment-Aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) algorithm for Mixed Line Rate (MLR) Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) optical networks /
Journal of Optical Communications, Vol.37, Issue 4, pp.349-356, ISSN: 2191-6322 (Online) 0173-4911 (Print). -
Theoretical investigation of optical WDM network performance in the presence of FWM and ASE noise /
Journal of Optical Communications, Vol.38, Issue 1, pp.101-109, ISSN: 2191-6322 (Online) 0173-4911 (Print). -
Launch power determination algorithm for dynamic traffic provisioning in mixed-line-rate optical wavelength division multiplexed networks /
International Journal Of Internet Protocol Technology, Vol.9, Issue 1, pp.23-33, ISSN No: 1743-8209. -
Spectral and power efficiency investigation in single- and multi-line-rate optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks /
Photonic Network Communications, Vol.33, Issue 1, pp.39–51, ISSN: 1572-8188 (Online) 1387-974X (Print). -
Factors Affecting Intra-Relations of Backend Cost Drivers in Multi-Brand Retail Domestic Super Market Under Convenience Stores Format : A Customer Aligned Model of Supply-Chain Optimism Framework
Asian Journal of Management, Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp. 78-86, 2321-5763 -
Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behaviour, Consumer Satisfaction and Consumer Loyalty in the Ghee Industry- A Perspective of Bangalore Ghee Market
Asian Journal of Research in Business Economics and Management, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 18-34, ISSN No. 2249- 7307 -
Comparative Analysis of State-of-the-Art Face Recognition Models: FaceNet, ArcFace, and OpenFace Using Image Classification Metrics
In recent years, facial recognition has emerged as a key technological advancement with numerous useful applications in numerous industries. FaceNet, ArcFace, and OpenFace are three widely used techniques for facial identification. In this study, we examined the accuracy, speed, and capacity to manage variations in face expression, illumination, and occlusion of these three approaches over a period of five years, from 2018 to 2023. According to our findings, FaceNet is more accurate than ArcFace and OpenFace, even under difficult circumstances like shifting lighting and facial occlusion. Also, during the previous five years, FaceNet has shown a significant improvement in performance. Even while ArcFace and OpenFace have made significant strides, they still lag behind FaceNet in terms of accuracy. Therefore, based on our findings, we conclude that FaceNet is the most effective method for facial recognition and is well-suited for use in high-stakes applications where accuracy is crucial. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
A Novel AI-Based Stock Market Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithm
The time series forecasting system can be used for investments in a safe environment with minimized chances of loss. The Holt-Winters algorithm followed various procedures and observed the multiple factors applied to the neural network. The final module helps filter the system to predict the various factors and provides a rating for the system. This research work uses real-time dataset of fifteen stocks as input into the system and, based on the data, predicts or forecasts future stock prices of different companies belonging to different sectors. The dataset includes approximately fifteen companies from different sectors and forecasts their results based on which the user can decide whether to invest in the particular company or not; the forecasting will give an accurate result for the customer investments. 2022 Iyyappan. M et al. -
A Component Selection Framework of Cohesion and Coupling Metrics
Component-based software engineering is concerned with the development of software that can satisfy the customer prerequisites through reuse or independent development. Coupling and cohesion measurements are primarily used to analyse the better software design quality, increase the reliability and reduced system software complexity. The complexity measurement of cohesion and coupling component to analyze the relationship between the component module. In this paper, proposed the component selection framework of Hexa-oval optimization algorithm for selecting the suitable components from the repository. It measures the interface density modules of coupling and cohesion in a modular software system. This cohesion measurement has been taken into two parameters for analyzing the result of complexity, with the help of low cohesion and high cohesion. In coupling measures between the component of inside parameters and outside parameters. The final process of coupling and cohesion, the measured values were used for the average calculation of components parameter. This paper measures the complexity of direct and indirect interaction among the component as well as the proposed algorithm selecting the optimal component for the repository. The better result is observed for high cohesion and low coupling in component-based software engineering. 2022 CRL Publishing. All rights reserved.