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Deep Learning Enabled Object Detection and Tracking Model for Big Data Environment
Recently, big data becomes evitable due to massive increase in the generation of data in real time application. Presently, object detection and tracking applications becomes popular among research communities and finds useful in different applications namely vehicle navigation, augmented reality, surveillance, etc. This paper introduces an effective deep learning based object tracker using Automated Image Annotation with Inception v2 based Faster RCNN (AIA-IFRCNN) model in big data environment. The AIA-IFRCNN model annotates the images by Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) with Channel and Spatial Reliability tracker (CSR), named DCF-CSRT model. The AIA-IFRCNN technique employs Faster RCNN for object detection and tracking, which comprises region proposal network (RPN) and Fast R-CNN. In addition, inception v2 model is applied as a shared convolution neural network (CNN) to generate the feature map. Lastly, softmax layer is applied to perform classification task. The effectiveness of the AIA-IFRCNN method undergoes experimentation against a benchmark dataset and the results are assessed under diverse aspects with maximum detection accuracy of 97.77%. 2022 Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
Deep Learning Enabled Parent Involvement and Its Influence on Student Academic Achievement Analysis
Studying the substantial effect that Deep Learning Enabled Parent Involvement (DLEPI) has on kid academic success. Using a made-up data set and a neural network model, we find that parents' level of involvement, as measured by the Parental Involvement Score (PIS), is positively correlated with their children's academic performance. DLEPI, driven by cutting-edge deep learning algorithms, equips parents with unique insights and suggestions regardless of where they live, therefore promoting educational equality and diversity. This study underlines the potential of technology to reduce performance inequalities and highlights its central role in increasing parental participation. Critical elements for future study include ethical issues, real-world validation, effect evaluations over time, and chances for personalization. This research lays the groundwork for reinventing education in a future where DLEPI improves student outcomes and offers a more inclusive and personalized educational environment. 2024 IEEE. -
Deep Learning for Arrhythmia Classification: A Comparative Study on Different Deep Learning Models
Arrhythmias, or irregular heart rhythms, are a major global health concern. Since arrhythmias can cause fatal conditions like cardiac failure and strokes, they must be rapidly identified and treated. Traditional arrhythmia diagnostic techniques include manual electrocardiogram (ECG) image interpretation, which is time consuming and frequently required for expertise. This research automates and improves the identification of heart problems, with a focus on arrhythmias, by utilizing the capabilities of deep learning, an advanced machine learning technique that performs well at recognizing patterns in data. Specifically, we implement and compare Custom CNN, VGG19, and Inception V3 deep learning models, which classify ECG images into six categories, including normal heart rhythms and various types of arrhythmias. The VGG19 model excelled, achieving a training accuracy of 95.7% and a testing accuracy of 93.8%, showing the effectiveness of deep learning in the comprehensive diagnosis of heart diseases. 2023 IEEE. -
Deep Learning for Early Detection of Tomato Leaf Diseases: A ResNet-18 Approach for Sustainable Agriculture
The paper explores the application of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), specifically ResNet-18, in revolutionizing the identification of diseases in tomato crops. Facing threats from pathogens like Phytophthora infestans, timely disease detection is crucial for mitigating economic losses and ensuring food security. Traditionally, manual inspection and labour-intensive tests posed limitations, prompting a shift to CNNs for more efficient solutions. The study uses a well-organized dataset, employing data preprocessing techniques and ResNet-18 architecture. The model achieves remarkable results, with a 91% F1 score, indicating its proficiency in distinguishing healthy and unhealthy tomato leaves. Metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and a high AUC score on the ROC curve underscore the model's exceptional performance. The significance of this work lies in its practical applications for early disease detection in agriculture. The ResNet-18 model, with its high precision and specificity, presents a powerful tool for crop management, contributing to sustainable agriculture and global food security. (2024), (Science and Information Organization). All Rights Reserved. -
Deep learning for intelligent transportation: A method to detect traffic violation
Smart transportation is being envisaged as an important parameter in building smart cities. Although conceptualized to have major advantages, lack of intelligent systems makes more vulnerable for disasters. The number of fatality due to road accident has increased up to 12% in 2022 as that of previous year says the WHO report. There are large number of new vehicles plying on roads which makes space constraint for the commuters. This makes a large number of traffic violations happening in urban areas. The smart cities insist and tries to adopt AI based methods for identifying traffic violations. Computer Vision are predominant solution in detecting traffic violation. This paper proposes a Deep learning method using famous YOLOV technique for object detection for effectively determining the traffic violation. The violations such as signal cross are concentrated in this research. The experimental results prove that the proposed technique has 95.1% of classification accuracy in detecting signal crosses. 2023 Author(s). -
Deep Learning for Stock Market Index Price Movement Forecasting Using Improved Technical Analysis
Equity market forecasting is difficult due to the high explosive nature of stock data and its impact on investor's stock investment and finance. The stock market serves as an indicator for forecasting the growth of the economy. Because of the nonlinear nature, it becomes a difficult job to predict the equity market. But the use of different methods of deep learning has become a vital source of prediction. These approaches employ time-series stock data for deep learning algorithm training and help to predict their future behavior. In this research, deep learning methods are evaluated on the India NIFTY 50 index, a benchmark Indian equity market, by performing a technical data augmentation approach. This paper presents a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), and the three variants of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to analyze the model results. The proposed three GRU variants technique is evaluated on two sets of technical indicator datasets of the NIFTY 50 index (namely TA1 and TA2) and compared to the RNN and LSTM models. The experimental outcomes show that the GRU variant1 (GRU1) with TA1 provided the lowest value of Mean Square Error (MSE=0.023) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE= 0.152) compared with existing methods. In conclusion, the NIFTY 50 index experiments with technical indicator datasetTA1 were more efficient by GRU. Hence, TA1 can be used to construct a robust predictive model in forecasting the stock index movements. 2021. All Rights Reserved. -
Deep Learning for Sustainable Agriculture
The evolution of deep learning models, combined with with advances in the Internet of Things and sensor technology, has gained more importance for weather forecasting, plant disease detection, underground water detection, soil quality, crop condition monitoring, and many other issues in the field of agriculture. agriculture. Deep Learning for Sustainable Agriculture discusses topics such as the impactful role of deep learning during the analysis of sustainable agriculture data and how deep learning can help farmers make better decisions. It also considers the latest deep learning techniques for effective agriculture data management, as well as the standards established by international organizations in related fields. The book provides advanced students and professionals in agricultural science and engineering, geography, and geospatial technology science with an in-depth explanation of the relationship between agricultural inference and the decision-support amenities offered by an advanced mathematical evolutionary algorithm. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Deep Learning for Sustainable Agriculture
The evolution of deep learning models, combined with with advances in the Internet of Things and sensor technology, has gained more importance for weather forecasting, plant disease detection, underground water detection, soil quality, crop condition monitoring, and many other issues in the field of agriculture. agriculture. Deep Learning for Sustainable Agriculture discusses topics such as the impactful role of deep learning during the analysis of sustainable agriculture data and how deep learning can help farmers make better decisions. It also considers the latest deep learning techniques for effective agriculture data management, as well as the standards established by international organizations in related fields. The book provides advanced students and professionals in agricultural science and engineering, geography, and geospatial technology science with an in-depth explanation of the relationship between agricultural inference and the decision-support amenities offered by an advanced mathematical evolutionary algorithm. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Deep learning framework for stock price prediction using long short-term memory
Forecasting stock prices is always considered as complicated process due to the dynamic and noisy characteristics of stock data influenced by external factors. For predicting the stock market, several approaches have been put forward. Many academics have successfully forecasted stock prices using soft computing models. Recently, there has been growing interest in applying deep learning techniques in combination with technical indicators to forecast stock prices, attracting attention from both investors and researchers. This paper focuses on developing a reliable model for anticipating future stock prices in one day advance using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Three steps make up the suggested model. The approach begins with ten technical indicators computed from previous data as feature vectors. The second phase involves data normalization to scale the feature vectors. Finally, in the third phase, the LSTM model analyzes the closing price for the next day using the normalized characteristics as input. Two stock markets, NASDAQ and NYSE are chosen to evaluate the efficacy of the developed model. To demonstrate how effective the new model is in making predictions, its performance is compared to earlier models. Comparing the suggested model to other models, the findings revealed that it had a high level of prediction accuracy. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Deep Learning Inspired Nonlinear Classification Methodology for Handwritten Digits Recognition Using DSR Encoder
The overlapped handwritten digit classification is a global challenge and a significant measure to assess the network recognition ability ratio. Most efficient models have been designed based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) for effective image classification and digit identification. Subsequently, multiple CNN models have inadequate accuracy because of high degree parameter dimensions that lead to abnormal digit detection error rates and computation complexity. We propose a Deep Digit Recognition Network (DDRNet) based on Deep ConvNets to minimize the number of parameters and features to keep the model light while maximizing the accuracy with an adaptive voting (AV) scheme for digit recognition. The individual digit is identified by CNN, and uncertain digits or strings are identified by Deep Convolutional Network (DCN) with AV scheme through Voting-Weight Conditional Random Field (VWCRF) strategy. These methods originated with the YOLO algorithm. The simulations show that our DDRNet approach achieves an accuracy of 99.4% without error fluctuations, in a stable state with less than 15 epochs contrast with state-of-art approaches. Additionally, specific convolution techniques (SqueezeNet, batch normalization) and image augmentation techniques (dropout, back-propagation, and an optimum learning rate) were examined to assess the system performance based on MNIST dataset (available at: http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/). 2022, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals. -
Deep Learning-based Gender Recognition Using Fusion of Texture Features from Gait Silhouettes
The gait of a person is the manner in which he or she walks. The human gait can be considered as a useful behavioral type of biometric that could be utilized for identifying people. Gait can also be used to identify a persons gender and age group. Recent breakthroughs in image processing and artificial intelligence have made it feasible to extract data from photographs and videos for various classifying purposes. Gender can be regarded as soft biometric that could be useful in video captured using surveillance cameras, particularly in uncontrolled environments with erratic placements. Gender recognition in security, particularly in surveillance systems, is becoming increasingly popular. Popularly used deep learning algorithms for images, convolutional neural networks, have proven to be a good mechanism for gender recognition. Still, there are drawbacks to convolutional neural network approaches, like a very complex network model, comparatively larger training time and highly expensive in computational resources, meager convergence quickness, overfitting of the network, and accuracy that may need improvement. As a result, this paper proposes a texture-based deep learning-based gender recognition system. The gait energy image, that is created by adding silhouettes received from a portion of the video which portrays an entire gait cycle, can be the most often utilized feature in gait-based categorization. More texture features, such as histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and entropy for gender identification, have been examined in the proposed work. The accuracy of gender classification using whole body image, upper body image, and lower body image is compared in this research. Combining texture features is more accurate than looking at each texture feature separately, according to studies. Furthermore, full body gait images are more precise than partial body gait images. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Deep Learning-Based Optimised CNN Model for Early Detection and Classification of Potato Leaf Disease
After rice and wheat, potatoes are the third-largest crop grown for human use worldwide. The different illnesses that can harm a potato plant and lower the quality and quantity of the yield cause potato growers to suffer significant financial losses every year. While determining the presence of illnesses in potato plants, consider the state of the leaves. Early blight and late blight are two prevalent illnesses. A certain fungus causes early blight, while a specific bacterium causes late blight. Farmers can avoid waste and financial loss if they can identify these diseases early and treat them successfully. Three different types of data were used in this study's identification technique: healthy leaves, early blight, and late blight. In this study, I created a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture-based system that employs deep learning to categorise the two illnesses in potato plants based on leaf conditions. The results of this experiment demonstrate that CNN outperforms every task currently being performed in the potato processing facility, which needed 32 batch sizes and 50 epochs to obtain an accuracy of about 98%. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Physical Activity Intensity for Athletes
Maximizing training plans for athletes and lowering the risk of injury depends on a precise assessment of the degree of physical activity. Existing system in-use systems often employ simplistic models, which leads to inaccurate projections. The paper presents a deep learning-based system that uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to create real-time predictions using wearable sensor data. Because it automatically extracts relevant features from raw sensor data, the technique does not need human feature engineering. Utilizing thorough model training and evaluation, it exceeded the most recent methods in terms of accuracy (0.92), precision (0.90), recall (0.92), F1-score (0.91), and ROC AUC (0.94). Results of cross-validation over many data subsets confirm the resilience of the method. Comparisons of confusion matrices also demonstrate how effectively the algorithm forecasts various activity intensities. Overall, the proposed system represents a breakthrough in accurately estimating how much physical activity athletes do, enhancing the efficacy of their training, and reducing the possibility of damage in sporting settings. 2024 IEEE. -
Deep learning: Research and applications
This book focuses on the fundamentals of deep learning along with reporting on the current state-of-art research on deep learning. In addition, it provides an insight of deep neural networks in action with illustrative coding examples. Deep learning is a new area of machine learning research which has been introduced with the objective of moving ML closer to one of its original goals, i.e. artificial intelligence. Deep learning was developed as an ML approach to deal with complex input-output mappings. While traditional methods successfully solve problems where final value is a simple function of input data, deep learning techniques are able to capture composite relations between non-immediately related fields, for example between air pressure recordings and English words, millions of pixels and textual description, brand-related news and future stock prices and almost all real world problems. Deep learning is a class of nature inspired machine learning algorithms that uses a cascade of multiple layers of nonlinear processing units for feature extraction and transformation. Each successive layer uses the output from the previous layer as input. The learning may be supervised (e.g. classification) and/or unsupervised (e.g. pattern analysis) manners. These algorithms learn multiple levels of representations that correspond to different levels of abstraction by resorting to some form of gradient descent for training via backpropagation. Layers that have been used in deep learning include hidden layers of an artificial neural network and sets of propositional formulas. They may also include latent variables organized layer-wise in deep generative models such as the nodes in deep belief networks and deep boltzmann machines. Deep learning is part of state-of-the-art systems in various disciplines, particularly computer vision, automatic speech recognition (ASR) and human action recognition. Tutorials on deep learning framework with focus on tensor flow, keras etc. Numerous worked out examples on real life applications Illustrative diagrams and coding examples. 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston. All rights reserved. -
Deep neural network architecture and applications in healthcare
Gaining insights related to medical data has always been a challenge, as limited technology delays treatment. Various types of data are collected from the medical field, such as sensor data, that are heterogeneous in nature. All of these are very poorly maintained and require more structuring. For this reason, deep learning is becoming more and more popular in this area. There are many challenges due to inadequate and irrelevant data. Insufficient domain knowledge also adds to the challenge. Modern deep learning models can help understand the dataset. This chapter provides an overview of deep learning, its various architectures, and convolutional neural networks. It also highlights how deep learning technologies can help advance healthcare. 2022 River Publishers. -
Deep Reinforcement Learning and Its Industrial Use Cases: AI for Real-World Applications
This book serves as a bridge connecting the theoretical foundations of DRL with practical, actionable insights for implementing these technologies in a variety of industrial contexts, making it a valuable resource for professionals and enthusiasts at the forefront of technological innovation. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) represents one of the most dynamic and impactful areas of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence. Bridging the gap between decision-making theory and powerful deep learning models, DRL has evolved from academic curiosity to a cornerstone technology driving innovation across numerous industries. Its core premiseenabling machines to learn optimal actions within complex environments through trial and errorhas broad implications, from automating intricate decision processes to optimizing operations that were previously beyond the reach of traditional AI techniques. Deep Reinforcement Learning and Its Industrial Use Cases: AI for Real-World Applications is an essential guide for anyone eager to understand the nexus between cutting-edge artificial intelligence techniques and practical industrial applications. This book not only demystifies the complex theory behind deep reinforcement learning (DRL) but also provides a clear roadmap for implementing these advanced algorithms in a variety of industries to solve real-world problems. Through a careful blend of theoretical foundations, practical insights, and diverse case studies, the book offers a comprehensive look into how DRL is revolutionizing fields such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and more, by optimizing decisions in dynamic and uncertain environments. This book distills years of research and practical experience into accessible and actionable knowledge. Whether you're an AI professional seeking to expand your toolkit, a business leader aiming to leverage AI for competitive advantage, or a student or academic researching the latest in AI applications, this book provides valuable insights and guidance. Beyond just exploring the successes of DRL, it critically examines challenges, pitfalls, and ethical considerations, preparing readers to not only implement DRL solutions but to do so responsibly and effectively. Audience The book will be read by researchers, postgraduate students, and industry engineers in machine learning and artificial intelligence, as well as those in business and industry seeking to understand how DRL can be applied to solve complex industry-specific challenges and improve operational efficiency. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Deep vs. Shallow: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Fake Health News Detection
Internet explosion and penetration have amplified the fake news problem that existed even before Internet penetration. This becomes more of a concern, if the news is health-related. To address this issue, this research proposes Content Based Models (CBM) and Feature Based Models (FBM). The difference between the two models lies in the input provided. The CBM only takes news content as the input, whereas the FBM along with the content also takes two readability features as the input. Under each category, the performance of five traditional machine learning techniques: - Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost-Decision Tree and AdaBoost-Random Forest is compared with two hybrid Deep Learning approaches, namely CNN-LSTM and CNN-BiLSTM. The Fake News Healthcare dataset comprising 9581 articles was utilized for the study. Easy Data Augmentation technique is used to balance this highly imbalanced dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that Feature Based Models perform better than Content Based Models. Among the proposed FBM, the Hybrid CNN - LSTM model had a F1 score of 97.09% and AdaBoost-Random Forest had a F1 Score of 98.9%. Thus, Adaboost-Random Forest under FBM is the best-performing model for the classification of fake news. 2013 IEEE. -
DeepBBBP: High Accuracy Blood-brain-barrier Permeability Prediction with a Mixed Deep Learning Model
Blood-brain-barrier permeability (BBBP) is an important property that is used to establish the drug-likeness of a molecule, as it establishes whether the molecule can cross the BBB when desired. It also eliminates those molecules which are not supposed to cross the barrier, as doing so would lead to toxicity. BBBP can be measured in vivo, in vitro or in silico. With the advent and subsequent rise of in silico methods for virtual drug screening, quite a bit of work has been done to predict this feature using statistical machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based methods. In this work a mixed DL-based model, consisting of a Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) and Convolutional Neural Network layers, has been paired with Mol2vec. Mol2vec is a convenient and unsupervised machine learning technique which produces high-dimensional vector representations of molecules and its molecular substructures. These succinct vector representations are utilized as inputs to the mixed DL model that is used for BBBP predictions. Several well-known benchmarks incorporating BBBP data have been used for supervised training and prediction by our mixed DL model which demonstrates superior results when compared to existing ML and DL techniques used for predicting BBBP. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Defect originated photoluminescence tuning of silica nanoparticles prepared by electron beam irradiation and their applications
Considering the imminent importance of Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), a highly rapid and one-pot scalable approach is being reported for their preparation. Electron-beam was used to derive the formation of SiO2 NPs, while in situ functionalization was carried out by ?-Cyclodextrin (?-CD). XRD pattern of as prepared ?-CD functionalized SiO2 NPs (i.e., ?-CD@SiO2 NPs) revealed their amorphous nature, while imaging studies showed self-assembling of NPs into a porous structure. UVvisible absorption spectra showed multiple peaks at 233, 323, 390 and 455 nm, which signifies the presence of different kind of defects in the as prepared NPs. An interesting aspect of this work is tuning of the photoluminescent properties of NPs from blue to green by simply varying the absorbed dose. This could be attributed to the formation of a particular kind of defects at a proportionate absorbed dose. These defects act as emission centers (ECs) and were analysed through steady state and time-resolved emission studies. Notably, ?-CD played significant role in influencing the composition of the NPs, whilst enhancing their colloidal stability and quantum yield. The prospective applications of ?-CD@SiO2 NPs were explored in latent fingerprinting and thermosensing. 2020 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
DeFi's transformative influence on the global financial landscape
The rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) has fundamentally reshaped the financial industry, challenging traditional banking systems and opening up a world of possibilities in global finance. This chapter explores the multifaceted impact of DeFi on the global economic landscape, addressing critical themes through a series of subtitles. DeFi is disrupting traditional banking models by offering alternative financial services directly on blockchain networks, such as lending, borrowing, and trading. One of the remarkable achievements of DeFi is its ability to provide financial services to previously underserved and unbanked populations. Tokenization is a crucial aspect of DeFi, enabling the representation of real-world assets as digital tokens on the blockchain. DeFi offers numerous advantages but poses security challenges, including smart contract vulnerabilities and hacks. This chapter provides an overview of the major themes and implications of DeFi's influence on finance, highlighting its opportunities and challenges. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.