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Bridging Science and Spirituality: Investigating the Effects of OM Chanting on Brain Waves
In Hindu tradition, the syllable "OM" holds significant spiritual and cultural value in Hindu tradition and is believed to produce positive psychological and physiological effects. Despite its prominence in spiritual practices, the neurophysiological basis for these benefits remains underexplored. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive method for measuring electrical activity in the cerebral cortex, was employed to investigate the physical changes in brain wave patterns that occur when listening to OM chanting. Five frequency bands, namely delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma, are associated with brainwaves recorded through EEG, which define different states of cognitive and emotional nature. With these, this research analyzes EEG signals before and after chanting to identify and quantify changes, and to discuss the therapeutic implications. Several signal processing techniques, such as time and frequency domain analysis, assess variations in amplitude, frequency, and coherence across different brain regions. These findings show an increase in alpha amplitudes (34.2%) and an 85.4% improvement in the theta/beta ratio, related to relaxation, emotional regulation, and additional focus, as well as a decrease in beta waves, linked to stress and cognitive overload. This would show stronger neural integration between the brain hemispheres. The OM chanting evoked these results as a possible neurotherapeutic tool for stress management and cognitive enhancement. In bridging ancient spiritual practices with modern neuroscience, this study provides information on how such seemingly nonsensical meditations as OM chanting can enhance brain function, which is favorable for the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations, regarding the goal of healthy life and wellbeing throughout all ages. Further research should be done into these effects in different populations and over long periods to confirm that this is a long-term therapeutic effect. 2025, Sakarya University. All rights reserved. -
Bridging SDG4 With Innovation for Quality Education: A Way Foreward
Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG4) aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. However, achieving this ambitious goal requires more than traditional approaches. Innovation plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between the current state of education and the ambitious targets set by SDG4. It can transform teaching and learning practices, improve access to education, and enhance the relevance and quality of educational outcomes. While innovation holds immense promise for achieving SDG4, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. By embracing technology, fostering pedagogical innovation, and creating supportive policies, one can transform education systems and ensure that all learners have access to quality education and lifelong learning opportunities. This chapter delves into the intersection of SDG4 and innovation, examining how technology and policy can be leveraged to enhance the quality of education and promote digital learning. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Bridging Service Quality Gaps
Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol-2 (10), pp. 38-42. ISSN-2230-7850 -
Bridging Signs to Sentences: Enhancing Sign Language Interpretation
This paper mainly focuses on bridging the gap between sign language recognition (SLR) and sentence formation by integrating the recognition of different signs or machine learning models with large language models (LLMs), which results in contributing and enhancing the communication of the deaf community. There are around 466million deaf individuals worldwide, where they primarily rely on Sign language for communication. Current SLR technologies have certain limitations that deal with difficulty in sentence formation and high processing requirements. This papers dataset consists of 36 classes, where 26 of them are alphabets, and the rest 9 are numbers, each consisting of 500 images. Therefore, a total of 18,000 images are present in the dataset for accurate prediction of sign languages. MediaPipe, developed by Google, is used as a tool for feature extraction by identifying 21 hand landmarks. The features extracted are then passed onto an ML model (like a Random Forest), and then the result of this model is passed on to an LLM (here, Groqs Gemma-7b-it) that forms a sentence based on the predictions. The ML model achieved a high accuracy of 99.54% and the LLMs achieved an accuracy of 93.75%. With the combination of sign language recognition and advanced modeling, this work helps to bridge signs to sentences, providing to the deaf community. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
Bridging Sustainable Innovation: Developing a Regulatory Sandbox Model for FinTech Products
The evolution of the regulatory sandboxes in the world and its impact on the rapidly growing FinTech sector in the world is explored in this study, while comparing the successful sandboxes from around the world, relatively modified sandboxes for India is proposed. With the FinTech sector witnessing significant growth in recent years, the paper highlights the risks of scams and frauds, emphasizing the need for regulatory sandboxes to mitigate these challenges before introducing the product into the market. By comparing successful models of the United Kingdom and Singapore, the research identifies gaps in the existing Indian framework and proposes a tailored regulatory sandbox model. The modified model adds feasibility and sustainability assessments, which ensures a balanced approach to innovation, consumer protection, and financial stability. It explains the different eligibility criteria required to be met at each stage of the pilot testing as per Indian policies and explained the benefits of such tailored sandbox to the regulators, firms as well as the users of FinTech products. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Bridging Technology and Consumer Experience: The Role of Augmented Reality and Perceived Usefulness in Digital Retailing
The advent of Augmented Reality (AR) has sparked an interest in the capability of redesigning the experiences of consumers. This paper examines the effects of AR on Consumer Experience (CE) and the mediator of Perceived Usefulness (PU). The study utilizes the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to identify the conceptual model based on the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with the data obtained in the sample of 311 participants. The results indicate that Augmented Reality has great power over Consumer Experience as elements such as engagement in Augmented Reality inspire a realistic effect on users. The results indicate that Perceived Usefulness plays a minor moderating role in the relationship between Augmented Reality and Consumer Experience, which suggests that the idea of perceived usefulness should be understood even in the environment full of technologies. Therefore, the research contributes to the existing body of literature because it combines AR experience with the main TAM concepts and offers a feasible justification of PU as an enabler in models of consumer experiences driven by technologies. Basically, the findings suggest that to maximize the effect of AR, creators and sellers should not only emphasize on engaging design but also relate the practical utility of the AR tools to the users by encouraging user interaction and awareness. 2026, Iquz Galaxy Publisher. All rights reserved. -
Bridging the Digital Chasm: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Digital Divide in Shaping Healthcare Professionals
Industry 5.0 has ushered in a transformative era for the healthcare industry, propelling it towards a digitally empowered ecosystem. This paradigm shift underscores the indispensability of integrating advanced digital technologies into healthcare, not merely as an option but as a crucial necessity. This research delves into the profound impact of Industry 5.0 on healthcare, emphasizing the intersection of digital technologies, patient-centric care, and sustainable practices. Central to the investigation is the digital divide, which manifests as a catalytic intrusion into the healthcare sector's digital landscape. Regardless of demographic considerations among healthcare providers, the existing digital divide manifests in varying levels of access, skill, and offline outcomes and benefits. Our study meticulously explores the intricate dynamics of the digital divide within healthcare professionals, highlighting its influence on micro-level patient experience. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Bridging the Digital Chasm: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Digital Divide in Shaping Healthcare Professionals
Industry 5.0 has ushered in a transformative era for the healthcare industry, propelling it towards a digitally empowered ecosystem. This paradigm shift underscores the indispensability of integrating advanced digital technologies into healthcare, not merely as an option but as a crucial necessity. This research delves into the profound impact of Industry 5.0 on healthcare, emphasizing the intersection of digital technologies, patient-centric care, and sustainable practices. Central to the investigation is the digital divide, which manifests as a catalytic intrusion into the healthcare sector's digital landscape. Regardless of demographic considerations among healthcare providers, the existing digital divide manifests in varying levels of access, skill, and offline outcomes and benefits. Our study meticulously explores the intricate dynamics of the digital divide within healthcare professionals, highlighting its influence on micro-level patient experience. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Bridging the Divide: Innovative Pathways to Gender Equality in the Workplace
Gender inequality in the workplace is a global issue, despite several initiatives to close the gap. While some regions have made progress, women continue to face inequities in possibilities for employment, earnings, and leadership responsibilities across sectors. Drawing on important research, including reviews of corporate board quotas and structural reasons of gender imbalance, this chapter investigates the root causes of workplace inequality. It identifies major market and social factors that maintain gender disparities and investigates how organizational policies and public actions might affect systemic change. The chapter proposes tangible solutions to minimize gender disparity and enhance fairness and opportunity for women in the workplace. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Bridging the Gap: Exploring Blockchains Role in Enhancing Financial Inclusion in the Indian Context
In recent years, the concept of financial inclusion has gained prominence as a crucial element in both economic and societal progress. This study investigates how blockchain technology could enhance financial accessibility in the unique socioeconomic context of India. Through an extensive analysis of a variety of blockchain applications, such as decentralized banking, digital identity verification, and transparent transaction procedures, this paper investigates the feasibility of utilizing blockchain technology to enhance inclusive financial systems. It closely examines the obstacles to blockchain adoption in India, such as governmental regulations, public sentiment, and the limitations of the countrys technology infrastructure. In order to raise awareness and encourage adoption, it also examines how to include blockchain education initiatives. This study adds to the discussion on financial inclusion and blockchain technology by fusing theoretical knowledge with real-world applications. Additionally, it offers a way to apply blockchain technology to advance inclusive economic growth in India. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Bridging the Rural Digital Divide: Machine-Learning-Driven Predictive Modeling of Digital Literacy Program Outcomes
The research project performed multiple regression model evaluations to assess how effective digital literacy schemes are in rural education settings. Training program achievements relied on predicted educational proficiency scores while program evaluation relied on both comprehensive participant demographic details and process training statistics. Our study examined numerous regression approaches from basic Linear Regression forms through advanced Random Forest and Gradient Boosting models and concluded with complex methods including Stacking and XGBoost. The research analyzed prediction accuracy and model explanatory power using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Rsquared (R2) values during the evaluation process. Multiple feature applications were the best fit for the deterministic ensemble techniques which exhibited superior performance but alternatively different analytical models displayed stable prediction results. This research proposes educational method advancement through machine learning approaches capable of creating custom solutions targeting rural user requirements. This study delivers key information to stakeholders in its combined study of digital education enhancements and sophisticated learning evaluation data analysis techniques. 2025 IEEE. -
Bridging the Rural Digital Divide: Machine-Learning-Driven Predictive Modeling of Digital Literacy Program Outcomes
The research project performed multiple regression model evaluations to assess how effective digital literacy schemes are in rural education settings. Training program achievements relied on predicted educational proficiency scores while program evaluation relied on both comprehensive participant demographic details and process training statistics. Our study examined numerous regression approaches from basic Linear Regression forms through advanced Random Forest and Gradient Boosting models and concluded with complex methods including Stacking and XGBoost. The research analyzed prediction accuracy and model explanatory power using Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Rsquared (R2) values during the evaluation process. Multiple feature applications were the best fit for the deterministic ensemble techniques which exhibited superior performance but alternatively different analytical models displayed stable prediction results. This research proposes educational method advancement through machine learning approaches capable of creating custom solutions targeting rural user requirements. This study delivers key information to stakeholders in its combined study of digital education enhancements and sophisticated learning evaluation data analysis techniques. 2025 IEEE. -
Bridging the Skill Gap: Correlating Affective Competencies with Innovation and Technology Preparedness Among Software Professionals
This research focuses on examining the relationship between innovation and technology readiness skills and the affective competencies of IT/ITeS professionals. This research also explores the impact of affective competencies in the work environment. The study highlights how affective competencies like appreciation, motivation, attitudes, and values shape workplace interactions and influence professional success rather than focusing on secondary emotional competencies. A logical connection has been created empirically between affective competencies and their significance in interpersonal relationships, addressing emotional attributes such as feelings, motivation, appreciation, values, and attitudes. This research study is a section of a survey of 457 IT/ITeS professionals, aiming to explore the skills gap analysis on Bloom's paradigms on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies. This article specifically focused on the impact of affective competencies across various IT/ITeS job roles, like Software / Web developers IT/ITeS job roles. The findings reveal a growing realization in the industry: affective competencies are not optional. They are foundational to thriving in dynamic, tech-driven work environments and fostering effective collaboration with teams and clients in the IT/ITeS sector. The Research Publication, www.trp.org.in. -
Bridging tradition and sustainability through a behavioural model for the adoption of green wedding practices
The study aims to develop a behavioural model which indicates the intentions of unmarried people for adoption of green marriages. The study aims to explore the factors which affects the green marriage intentions, and also developing a green marriage intention matrix for categorizing the green marriages. The study is based on the primary data collected from a sample of 480 unmarried people restricting from age groups of 2040 only. Researchers have used Exploratory factor analysis to explore the factors, multiple regression analysis to develop the green marriage intentions model, and correlation analysis. ANOVA method was used to measure the impact of age, gender, and education on environmental attitude and green marriage intentions. It was found from the study that environmental attitude, social influence, perceived barriers, and perceived benefits are the four major factors which affects the green marriage intentions of the people. Further, the green marriage intentions matrix showed four categories of the people based on the environmental attitude and social influence namely; Influential green marriage, Casual green marriage, fashionably Green Marriage, and Eco-conscious green marriage. The study also included a detailed strategic plan with proposed actions to handle the barriers and promoting the green marriage practices along with environmental stewardship. The Author(s) 2025. -
Bridging Traditional NLP and Deep Learning: Comparative Study on Text Categorization Performance
Text categorization is an important area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that is used to automatically organize textual information into a set of specific categories. This study is a comparative study of models that use statistical features and models that use transformers, using the example of DistilBERT-base-uncased fine-tuned and LoRA (Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning, PEFT). The data extracted on the Kaggle site is presented in the form of labeled text samples of five classes Business, Entertainment, Sport, Tech, and Politics. Conventional models such as Logistic Regression, Random Forest and XGBoost were trained on manually crafted word-level features (word count, mean word length and punctuation ratio) and had precisions up to 94.7%. Comparatively, the given DistilBERT-LoRA model used semantic embeddings to find the contextual dependencies and managed to reach the total accuracy of 97, precision of 97, and the recall of 96. The training and validation loss curves showed the stable convergence without overfitting, and the confusion matrix showed the consistent performance at all the classes with minimum misclassification. Comparative analysis indicated that semantic embeddings are much better than statistical models because they enhance contextual perception and strength of classification. The findings confirm the effectiveness and scalability of the LoRA-based fine-tuning, which offers an efficient but lightweight strategy in the context of real-world settings to achieve high-performance text categorization. 2025 IEEE. -
Bridging Travel and Learning: Can Ecotourism Be a Resource for Learning Sustainability?
This study explores the role of ecotourism as an educational tool for catering to experiential learning and sustainability awareness. Using a qualitative imaginary narrative method, two ecotourism scenarios are constructed based on insights from two expert environmentalists and existing research. The constructed scenarios were exclusive to undergraduate students from the life sciences and humanities. Using framework analysis, the obtained data were mapped to the SDG framework to understand students' engagement with nature- based learning and sustainability- focused activities, highlighting their emotional connections to nature and behavioural shifts toward sustainability. The framework analysis mapped the scenarios to relevant SDGs, analysing how they cater to ESD. The findings align with SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action), emphasising ecotourism's potential in education. This research contributes to discussions on integrating sustainability learning into educational frameworks. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Brinkman-Bard convection in a box with temperature modulation
A bounded porous box saturated with Newtonian fluid and subjected to a sinusoidal temperature gradient has various practical applications, such as solar energy storage, groundwater remediation, food processing, and chemical reactors. We address the generalization of the classical Rayleigh-Bard convection problem in a horizontal fluid layer in an infinitely large domain heated from below to a finite three-dimensional box. We also look into a more intricate form of the modulated Rayleigh-Bard problem in which the temperature at the bottom boundary varies sinusoidally. The Rayleigh number quantifies the non-sinusoidal part of the temperature gradient, while the amplitude and frequency of modulation describe the sinusoidal one. The critical Rayleigh number is determined using linear and nonlinear stability analyses; for the latter, the energy method is used. There is a possibility of subcritical instabilities, as evidenced by the energy stability estimates being lower than the linear ones. Furthermore, eigenvalues are obtained as a function of aspect ratios, modulation amplitude, and frequency for varying Darcy numbers. Modulation amplitude more significantly triggers a change in flow patterns at the onset of convection compared to the effect of other parameters. Considering water-saturated porous media made up of different materials, we report the critical temperature difference between lower and upper surfaces required for the onset of convection. In addition, a comparison between such a temperature difference obtained from linear theory and the energy method is also provided in the same manner. It is observed that subharmonic instability occurs for all considered porous media packed densely or sparsely. 2024 Author(s). -
Brinkman-Bard convection in a rotating-binary liquid saturated porous medium
The primary intent of the work is to investigate the linear and weakly non-linear stability analyses of natural convection in a rotating binary liquidsaturated porous medium. In the mathematical model, Newtonian binary liquid-saturated porous medium with uniform rotation subjected to stress-free isothermal boundaries and the validity of OseenBoussinesq approximation is considered in the study. Normal mode analysis is operated to acquire the DarcyRayleigh number expression in terms of the other parameters. The amount of heat and mass transfer rates are approximated at the lower boundary by performing weakly non-linear stability analysis using truncated Fourier series solution. The analysis of critical Rayleigh number, critical wave number, heat, and mass transfer is done for different values of parameters and discussed in detail with the help of plots and tables. Lewis number stabilizes the convective system, whereas increasing in the separation ratio coefficient destabilizes the convective system. Weakly nonlinear stability analysis reveals that the binary liquids with a smaller separation ratio coefficient transport the maximum heat and minimum mass compared to binary liquids with large separation ratio coefficient values. The amount of heat transport is enhanced by 14% with increase in the values of Ta whereas the same is diminished by 3.5 % and 5% respectively for the ? and Le. Thus, the effect of rotations pronounced on the onset of convection, heat and mass transports predominantly compared to the effect of binary mixtures parameters. The results of the classical RayleighBard convection and natural convection in a liquid-saturated porous medium with local thermal-equilibrium assumption can be obtained as a particular case of the study by setting the appropriate limits. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Brinkman-Bard convection in a rotating-binary liquid saturated porous medium
The primary intent of the work is to investigate the linear and weakly non-linear stability analyses of natural convection in a rotating binary liquidsaturated porous medium. In the mathematical model, Newtonian binary liquid-saturated porous medium with uniform rotation subjected to stress-free isothermal boundaries and the validity of OseenBoussinesq approximation is considered in the study. Normal mode analysis is operated to acquire the DarcyRayleigh number expression in terms of the other parameters. The amount of heat and mass transfer rates are approximated at the lower boundary by performing weakly non-linear stability analysis using truncated Fourier series solution. The analysis of critical Rayleigh number, critical wave number, heat, and mass transfer is done for different values of parameters and discussed in detail with the help of plots and tables. Lewis number stabilizes the convective system, whereas increasing in the separation ratio coefficient destabilizes the convective system. Weakly nonlinear stability analysis reveals that the binary liquids with a smaller separation ratio coefficient transport the maximum heat and minimum mass compared to binary liquids with large separation ratio coefficient values. The amount of heat transport is enhanced by 14% with increase in the values of Ta whereas the same is diminished by 3.5 % and 5% respectively for the ? and Le. Thus, the effect of rotations pronounced on the onset of convection, heat and mass transports predominantly compared to the effect of binary mixtures parameters. The results of the classical RayleighBard convection and natural convection in a liquid-saturated porous medium with local thermal-equilibrium assumption can be obtained as a particular case of the study by setting the appropriate limits. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Brinkman-Forchheimer flow of SWCNT and MWCNT magneto-nanoliquids in a microchannel with multiple slips and Joule heating aspects
Purpose: The microfluidics has a wide range of applications, such as micro heat exchanger, micropumps, micromixers, cooling systems for microelectronic devices, fuel cells and microturbines. However, the enhancement of thermal energy is one of the challenges in these applications. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to enhance heat transfer in a microchannel flow by utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs). MHD Brinkman-Forchheimer flow in a planar microchannel with multiple slips is considered. Aspects of viscous and Joule heating are also deployed. The consequences are presented in two different carbon nanofluids. Design/methodology/approach: The governing equations are modeled with the help of conservation equations of flow and energy under the steady-state situation. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized through dimensionless variables. The dimensionless expressions are treated via Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg-based shooting scheme. Pertinent results of velocity, skin friction coefficient, temperature and Nusselt number for assorted values of physical parameters are comprehensively discussed. Also, a closed-form solution is obtained for momentum equation for a particular case. Numerical results agree perfectly with the analytical results. Findings: It is established that multiple slip effect is favorable for velocity and temperature fields. The velocity field of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluid is lower than single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)-nanofluid, while thermal field, Nusselt number and drag force are higher in the case of MWCNT-nanofluid than SWCNT-nanofluid. The impact of nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) is constructive for thermal boundary layer growth. Practical implications: This study may provide useful information to improve the thermal management of microelectromechanical systems. Originality/value: The effects of CNTs in microchannel flow by utilizing viscous dissipation and Joule heating are first time investigated. The results for SWCNTs and MWCNTs have been compared. 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited.