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COMMENSALITY AND CULTURE: A SEMIOTIC READING OF IGBO TRIBAL LIFE IN CHINUA ACHEBES THINGS FALL APART
Foodin literary production signifies the culturalandcross-culturalrelations from which it is produced. The emergence of Literary Food Studies engages food as a signifier to magnify human relations and emotions. Food is a mosaic system of signs symbolising diasporic, class, caste, racial, and gender relations. The paper focuses on commensality, one of the mushrooming trends in literary food studies. Commensality is the act of eating together that helps to build relationships and create conviviality, the social pleasure among people. It helps to reinforce the identity and sense of belongingness among the community members. Drawing on the theoretical readings from Mary Douglas and Arjun Appadurais semiotics of food, the paper explores the possibilities of commensality in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart. The paper tries to argue that, commensality and its food practices along with representing togetherness could also symbolise the complex cultural functioning of the Igbo tribal community. The ingredients of the commensality, the culinary tools, and the order of eating convey cultural meanings. It throws light into the hierarchy and various power relations existing in the community. Copyright 2023 Sreelakshmi K P. -
Commensality and Togetherness in Becky Chambers The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet
Food in literature is always part of a symbolic act, as the characters within do not eat to stay alive as humans do, but rather, this depiction of eating is always a symbolic process. Food, especially in science fiction and fantasy fiction, works on an even grander scale by being an integral part of the world-building process. It operates on a two-fold scale by serving as a familiar anchor in futuristic and fantastical settings, while also functioning as a defamiliarizing agent that adds to the strangeness of the story world. Food is an incredibly complex motif to be explored in literature, but what will be concentrated on here is the aspect of commensality that is related to food and food practices. Commensality, often seen as related to conviviality, is the practice of sharing a table and consuming food together. This practice has connotations of the deeper meanings vested within food practices in a communal and social sense. These practices promote harmony and feelings of belongingness and togetherness. This paper looks at The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet (2015) by Becky Chambers through the lens of food to explore how commensality works to create a home and promote the feeling of togetherness amongst an inter-galactic space crew that consists of multiple alien species from radically different cultures and communities. 2022, Istanbul University Press. All rights reserved. -
Commercialization potential of agro-based polyhydroxyalkanoates biorefinery: A technical perspective on advances and critical barriers
The exponential increase in the use and careless discard of synthetic plastics has created an alarming concern over the environmental health due to the detrimental effects of petroleum based synthetic polymeric compounds. Piling up of these plastic commodities on various ecological niches and entry of their fragmented parts into soil and water has clearly affected the quality of these ecosystems in the past few decades. Among the many constructive strategies developed to tackle this global issue, use of biopolymers like polyhydroxyalkanoates as sustainable alternatives for synthetic plastics has gained momentum. Despite their excellent material properties and significant biodegradability, polyhydroxyalkanoates still fails to compete with their synthetic counterparts majorly due to the high cost associated with their production and purification thereby limiting their commercialization. Usage of renewable feedstocks as substrates for polyhydroxyalkanoates production has been the thrust area of research to attain the sustainability tag. This review work attempts to provide insights about the recent developments in the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates using renewable feedstock along with various pretreatment methods used for substrate preparation for polyhydroxyalkanoates production. Further, the application of blends based on polyhydroxyalkanoates, and the challenges associated with the waste valorization based polyhydroxyalkanoates production strategy is elaborated in this review work. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
Commercialization potential of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) recycled nanomaterials: A review on validation parameters
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a polymer which is considered as one of the major contaminants to the environment. The PET waste materials can be recycled to produce value-added products. PET can be converted to nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanocomposites, and nano coatings. To extend the applications of PET nanomaterials, understanding its commercialization potential is important. In addition, knowledge about the factors affecting recycling of PET based nanomaterials is essential. The presented review is focused on understanding the PET commercialization aspects, keeping in mind market analysis, growth drivers, regulatory affairs, safety considerations, issues associated with scale-up, manufacturing challenges, economic viability, and cost-effectiveness. In addition, the paper elaborates the challenges associated with the use of PET based nanomaterials. These challenges include PET contamination to water, soil, sediments, and human exposure to PET nanomaterials. Moreover, the paper discusses in detail about the factors affecting PET recycling, commercialization, and circular economy with specific emphasis on life cycle assessment (LCA) of PET recycled nanomaterials. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
Commitment of Information Technology Employees in Relation to Perceived Organizational Justice
The IUP Journal of Organizational Behaviour Vol. XI, No. 3. pp 23-40, ISSN No. 0972-687X -
Common Impactful Assignment (CIA): An Innovative Approach to Reduce Student Stress in WIL Programmes
In spite of its advantages, working professionals enrolled in Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) degree or professional certificate programmes frequently express heightened stress and anxiety attributable to the programme's demands. This paper proposes pedagogical enhancements to alleviate stress in working professionals enrolled in WIL programmes while enhancing the quality of learning. The paper proposes three pedagogical approaches collectively known as Common Impactful Assignment(CIA) to enhance the way assignment components of the courses are evaluated. The first concept advocates for a shared common assignment problem statement across multiple courses in a semester. Building on this, the second concept extends the interconnection of courses across different semesters, crafting unified assignment statements that underscore the programme's thematic cohesion. These ideas, tailored for degree programmes, facilitate a broader understanding of the interdependencies between various courses, fostering a comprehensive knowledge base. For more focused and practical-oriented professional certificate programmes, the third concept suggests a project-based common problem statement replacing the entire programme's assignment components. This overarching project, aligned with the programme's central theme, aims to streamline the interconnected nature of courses in such focused programmes. The paper provides sample assignment problem statements for each scenario, outlining their respective benefits and challenges, and discusses appropriate assessment methods. Recognizing the psychological well-being of learners, the paper suggests a methodology for assessing determinants such as stress, anxiety, happiness, and overall well-being. In evaluating WIL students before and after exposure to these new pedagogies, this pre-post assessment method analyses the psychological benefits of innovative teaching approaches. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Community based open source geographical classical data analysis
The traditional Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have to be migrated to the internet eventually much like every other software today. The article has explored ways of utilizing the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards to come up with ways of achieving a workflow for the development of a service-based implementation of a customized Web Processing Service (WPS). The proposed concept has explored multiple workflows using various combinations of the publishing and development options and the simplest and the least resource intensive one has been identified as the outcome of this project. The workflow identified was then split into two section to make it even more simplify and adaptable, aiding development from the WPS that has to publish. The development process used for the final workflow is done without the use of a resource intensive IDE keeping in mind the major aim of the proposed model is to reduce the dependency on resource intensive software and services. The proposed model is built solely on open source platforms which are in tandem with second stipulation of proposed model is promoting community-based development. The proposed system provides the better execution time and retrieval time. The execution time is compared with similar system, open source Geographical system provide less execution time. The retrieval time is also reduced this indicated Quality of Service is increased. BEIESP. -
Community Empowerment through Technology
A UN report estimated that 10% of people on the planet will experience chronic hunger by 2022, with a large share of those people coming from rural origins. In Manipur, a Northeastern state of India characterized by hilly terrain and sparse population, predominantly inhabited by Nagas and Kukis tribes, urban migration threatens to exacerbate poverty. Although hunger is not frequent among Nagas at the moment, one cannot rule it out in future. When smart technologies ably support agriculture, it increases production in a sustainable way, thereby reducing hunger among the tribal populace. For this, the government must assist farmers in discouraging environmentally damaging activities like Jhum cultivation and cultivating poppies. For now, tribals have food to eat; nevertheless, future hunger problems could result from a lack of assistance. This research imagines a future where environmental sustainability is maintained while supplying for the requirements of the people of Manipur by giving technology-assisted farming prime importance. By using a participatory observation approach, the authors highlight how urgent it is to stop more ecological deterioration and protect the biodiversity of the area. Ultimately, a balanced ecological future for Manipurs rural and urban inhabitants depends on the adoption of sustainable smart agriculture. 2025 A. Jose Anand and Saravanan Krishnan. -
Community Resilience and Crisis Management: Stakeholders Perspective of the Tourism Industry
The tourism industry is very vulnerable and has been extensively impacted by varied types of crisis. An attempt is made to precipitate and reflect on the nature of tourism disasters indicating an imperative need for an integrated approach to deal with crisis with disaster planning and a response system. Destinations at crisis impacts humankind causing environmental impacts and economic downfall and largely impacts the local community to recover from the disaster. This chapter examines varied impacts affecting the tourism industry and addressed negative impacts like the Economic crisis and loss of brand image in the post-crisis situation. The conceptual framework indicates Community Resilience model towards destination development and Resilience Building. The role of key stakeholders supporting e-governance and financial resilience pertaining to tourism business is further examined. The chapter explores mechanisms to re-establish the brand image during the restoration phase and have indicated possible strategies and suggestions in the recovery phase of an affected region. Disaster risk reduction is a significant and major phenomenon in handling all kinds of crisis management, therefore this chapter will be an essential reading for tourism education and destination managers who are engaged in destination crisis planning and disaster management. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Community-based educational intervention on emotion regulation, self-esteem, and behavioural problems among school children
Recently, there has been a trend where higher education institutions are designing and implementing community-based educational interventions for underprivileged children in the community. It is important to understand whether these interventions are useful to the children in improving their psychosocial development. In this chapter, the author discusses the learnings from an explanatory sequential mixed methods study which aimed at assessing the impact of community educational intervention provided by a higher educational institution on self-esteem, emotional regulation and bbehavioralproblems among adolescents in rural Karnataka. The study included 250 adolescents who were beneficiaries of community educational intervention and another 250 who were non-beneficiaries. Besides this, the chapter also highlights the qualitative results grounded in the focus group discussions to understand the stakeholder's perspective on community educational interventions. Finally, the author demonstrates the processes and mechanisms of change and presents a critical discussion from the quantitative and qualitative data analytic lens. The author anticipates that community educational interventions provided by higher educational institutions are extremely impactful. Several critical factors of stakeholders, institutional, and rural communities might bring change and sustainability in benefits among rural adolescents. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Compact Dual-Band Millimeter Wave MIMO Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems
The article presents the compact dual-band MIMO antenna resonating at 27.5 and 32 GHz. The radiating structure is a rose-shape with elliptical slots and a horizontal slit to achieve the above resonances. The MIMO antenna dimension is 6.2 0 mm2, where an edge-to-edge distance of 1.82 mm separates radiating elements. The ground plane has simple slits to suppress the mutual coupling. The simulation results of the MIMO antenna is validated through measured and diversity parameter results. 2024 IEEE. -
Compact LoRa Patch Antenna Optimization Using Dual Random Starfish Aggregation Coupled Transformer Network for Vital Sign Detection in Breast Cancer WBANs
The rapid advancement of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) has created a growing demand for compact, efficient, and reliable antenna systems to support continuous health monitoring, particularly for breast cancer applications. Recent methods, including CPW-fed patch antennas, artificial neural network (ANN)-driven models, and wearable textile antennas, have improved antenna design automation and flexibility. However, challenges such as signal distortion from body proximity, gain reduction under bending, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) compliance, and lack of adaptive tuning continue to limit practical deployment. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a compact LoRa patch antenna optimized using a novel Dual Random Starfish Aggregation Coupled Transformer Network (Dual-Ran-SACTN) framework. This system combines the Starfish Optimization Algorithm (SFOA), a Random-Coupled Neural Network (RCCN), and a Dual-Aggregation Transformer Network (DuAT) to enhance convergence speed and learning efficiency. The antenna, designed in CST Microwave Studio, measures only 80נ60mm2 (0.23??נ0.17??), offering a lightweight and wearable structure for continuous vital sign monitoring. The proposed model exhibits a bidirectional radiation pattern in the E-plane and an omnidirectional pattern in the H-plane, achieving a peak gain of 2.12dBi and a high radiation efficiency of 99.8% at 868MHz. Additionally, the design maintains low SAR and stable performance under bending, making it robust for wearable WBAN applications. This work offers a real-time, energy-efficient solution for intelligent breast cancer monitoring through adaptive antenna optimization. This model supports practical applications such as continuous breast cancer monitoring, wearable health diagnostics, and real-time WBAN-based physiological signal tracking. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Compact out-of-phase wideband substrate integrated waveguide based power divider loaded by slots for Ku and K band applications
In this paper a novel Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) based single layer ground-loaded compact wideband out-of phase equal power divider is proposed . The wide-band and out-of-phase operation of the proposed power divider is obtained by creating defects in the ground plane with rectangular slots. The Defected Ground Structure (DGS) allows the power divider to exhibit a wide passband. The obtained passband is 11.5 GHz wide considering the return loss better than -10dB. Compactness in the proposed design is attributed to the dispersion characteristic of the slow-wave. The proposed design working in the passband from 14.5 GHz to 26 GHz is fabricated and tested. The size of the proposed design is 0.57 ?2g excluding feed lines. Here ?g is the guided wavelength at free space. The measured amplitude imbalance of (01) dB is obtained within the passband. The measured and simulated results are compared and found with in good agreement. 2019 IEEE. -
Compact Polarization Insensitive Triple-Band Bandstop Frequency Selective Surface forTerahertz Applications
In this article, a compact triple-band bandstop frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed for terahertz applications. The proposed FSS is a single-layer structure. The unit cell consists of cross-dipoles featuring three distinct arms. The designed FSS offers three bandstop responses centered at 0.34, 0.39, and 0.43 THz with 10-dB stopband bandwidths of 12, 5, and 14GHz, respectively. The filter operation is elucidated using surface current densities and an equivalent circuit model. The unit cell exhibits a surface area of 0.374?00.374?0, where ?0 is free space wavelength at lower resonance frequency. The proposed FSS exhibits excellent stability in incidence angles up to 40? and 80? for TE and TM polarization, respectively. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Compact substrate integrated waveguide power divider with slot-loaded ground plane for dual-band applications
In this paper, a novel design of compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band power divider is proposed. The dual-band operation of the power divider is obtained by exploiting the loading of slots on the ground plane. The electric-dipole nature of these slots allows the power divider to exhibit a passband below the cutoff frequency of the SIW. An in-depth description of the proposed power divider, supported by detailed parametric analysis over the operating frequency bands is reported. Design examples are illustrated to achieve different operating frequency bands. To validate the design studies, a prototype of the dual-band power divider operating at 4.7 GHz and 11.7 GHz is designed, fabricated and tested. The measurement results are found to be in good agreement with the simulation results. 2018 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis and Development of Recommendations for the Use of Machine Learning Methods to Identify Network Traffic Anomalies in the Development of a Subsystem for User Behavioral Analysis
This article discusses various machine learning methods in order to conduct a more effective analysis of user network traffic using a subsystem for analyzing user behavior and detecting network anomalies, since there is a need to evaluate big data. The methods and techniques used to detect network anomalies are analyzed. In analyzing the methods and technologies used to detect network anomalies, a classification of anomaly detection methods is proposed. To solve these problems, different algorithms can be used, differing in specificity and, as a result, efficiency. The classification of machine learning methods for detecting network anomalies is considered separately, since machine learning algorithms will be the most effective for the task. Various criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of machine learning models in solving the problem of network traffic profiling are considered. In accordance with the specifics of the tasks of user recognition and network anomaly detection, the most appropriate criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of machine learning models have been selected: AUC ROC the area under the error curve. Four stages of the subsystem for analyzing user behavior and detecting network anomalies are highlighted. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Comparative analysis and suggestion of architectures for reduction of road accidents
As Road Accidents are increasing all over the world, it is very important to save peoples lives. With the advancement in technology we can make use of various real time sensors and technology to save peoples lives. This paper focuses on comparing various architectures which consists of various real time sensors like Eye blink sensor, Alcohol sensor, Speed sensor, load sensor, tilt and turning sensor and various technologies like GPS, GSM. After comparison paper suggests which architecture should be used in the vehicle based on certain attributes. For E.g. If the car always travels outside the city then this paper suggests the architecture which has Eye blink sensor, Speed Sensor GPS and GSM. IAEME Publication. -
Comparative analysis between 36 nm and 47 nm aluminawater nanofluid flows in the presence of Hall effect
White crystalline powder (aluminum oxide- Al 2 O 3 ) and water are the products often formed after the heating of aluminum hydroxide. In this report, boundary layer flow of two different nanofluids (i.e., 36nm Al 2 O 3 -water and 47nm Al 2 O 3 -water) over an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution under the influence of magnetic field is presented. The combined influence of magnetic field strength, electric current density, electric charge, electron collision time, and the mass of an electron in the flows are considered in the governing equations. Three-dimensional transport phenomenon was considered due to the influence of the Lorentz force (F?) along the z-direction as in the case of Hall currents. In this study, the dynamic viscosity and density of the nanofluids are assumed to vary with the volume fraction ?. The dimensional governing equations were non-dimensionalization and parametrization using similarity variables. The corresponding boundary value problem was transformed into initial value problem using the method of superposition and solved numerically using fourth-order RungeKutta method with shooting technique (RK4SM). Magnetic field parameter is seen to have dual effects on the cross-flow velocity profiles of both nanofluids. The maximum cross-flow velocity is attained within the fluid domain when 36nm nanoparticles alumina is used. The cross-flow velocity gradient at the wall increases with magnetic field parameter (M) and also increases significantly with Hall parameter at larger values of M. 2018, Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
Comparative Analysis of Banking StocksBSE BANKEX vs. NEPSE
Equities may also be termed as shareholder's equity that make the holder an owner of corporate equity and empower him to vote in the annual general meeting of the company. Equity, both in its common and preferred form, is used by investors to understand risk and reward patterns in order to identify and minimize losses, and equally, to maximize gains. Relative to the risk-return trade off, this paper seeks to examine the Indian and Nepali banking equities performance. Currently the banking industry holds a large part of the GDP of the two trading partners; in Nepal it accounts for 18% and in India it accounts for 7.7%. Nepal is a very import oriented economy and the most part of this import money is made through remittances while India has diverse industries that constitute its economy. The empirical analysis is based on the five selected commercial banks; three banks from BSE Bankex of India and two banks from NEPSE Banking Sub-Index of Nepal based on market capitalization. Employing the historical data of five years (from April 2017 to March 2022), it can use Mean, Standard Deviation, Correlation, Regression, and ANOVA to make analysis. Analysis reveals that Indian banking equities exhibit better returns than the Nepali equities over the comparable period. Annualized returns help identify benchmark banks including ICICI Bank and NIC Asia Bank. However, there is more risk in Indian equities because they offer the capacity of higher returns. Thus, the Nepali banking equities have lower risk but produce only mediocre returns with several banks even negative returns. Indian banks provide much better investment opportunities and higher returns even though they are more risky. It helps investors determine profitable equities based on thorough risk-return assessments for equities. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Dr. Harold Andrew Patrick and Dr. Ravichandran Krishnamoorthy; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Comparative analysis of carrier material efficiency in the encapsulation of flavor bioactives from Decalepis hamiltonii extract by using spray-drying and freeze-drying
An aqueous extract from the tuberous roots of Decalepis hamiltonii was encapsulated by spray-drying and freeze-drying for food applications. The study aimed to identify suitable carrier materials among sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum acacia, used alone and in blends, to understand their collective effect during encapsulation. The physicochemical characteristics of freeze-dried and spray-dried samples revealed differences of 14%20% in 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde, 12%40% in phenolic content, and 7%40% in flavonoid content in the dried powders. Similarly, the methanol extracts of freeze-dried encapsulated samples demonstrated good antioxidant potential compared with those of spray-dried encapsulated powder. Among the carrier materials used, sodium caseinate showed good retention of bioactives and a flavor metabolite (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde), which was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (encapsulation efficiency 82%; yield 40 w/w) and confirmed by1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, in this study considering flavor retention and powder yield (encapsulation efficiency 74% and 59 w/w), maltodextrin in combination with sodium caseinate (MS) was observed to be the best carrier material for spray-drying. These "maltodextrinsodium caseinate" microcapsules are stable and show 70% retention of flavor metabolite after 3 months of storage at room temperature, with the microbial load remaining within acceptable limits. The particle size of the carrier materials ranges from 11.1 to 17.6 m. Thus, the current study suggests that a carrier material mixture (sodium caseinate and maltodextrin) can be used as a prospective material for encapsulating Decalepis hamiltonii bioactives with flavor metabolites and may be useful in food formulations. 2025 by the author(s).