Browse Items (14421 total)
Sort by:
-
Comparative Analysis of Classification Models Using Various Feature Sets
Feature selection is a fundamental step in Machine Learning (ML) that involves choosing some input data that would enhance the model performance. The model is able to run faster using lesser computational resources while giving reasonable results. Hence, feature selection as important as selection of a good model. In this chapter the aim is to analyze how the performance of different multiclass classification algorithms is affected on different features. The algorithms used are K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on the CIFAR-10 dataset. To obtain the new dataset with modified features, we use dimension reduction methods on the original dataset. The new dataset is at least 500x smaller, and we have noticed that in the best case scenarios reducing dimensions reduces the accuracy score only marginally. The SVM is the most consistent among the experimented models. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Comparative Analysis of Composite Column Capacity Estimation in International Codes
The primary function of a building, bridge or any structural system is to transmit loads safely from the superstructure to the foundation. The columns play a critical role in this function, and any inaccuracies in load prediction can lead to catastrophic damage. Hence, the evaluation of a column's strength assumes considerable importance. Upon this premise, this research aimed to investigate the strength prediction of M40 grade concrete columns subjected to uniaxial compression loading. The experimental loading capacities of various columns were compared with the evaluated loads as per the Indian Standard code (IS 456:2000), British Standard (BS 8110-1:1997), American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-14) and European Standard (EN 1994-1-1 (2004)). It was observed that the partial safety factors and design philosophies in these codes were different. The experimental results suggested that the load-carrying capacities experimentally determined of the tested columns compare well with the capacities recommended by the IS code and the BS code for columns. In contrast, the other two codes have vastly different column capacity assessments due to higher partial safety factors. It is concluded that all four codes have evolved based on different design philosophies and, hence, have varying partial safety factors. Thus, a direct code comparison is not appropriate. The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2025. -
Comparative Analysis of CPI prediction for India using Statistical methods and Neural Networks
Inflation is one of the main issues affecting the world economy right now, necessitating the accurate inflation prediction for the development of tools and policies by the monetary authorities to prevent extreme price volatility. Expectations of inflation influence many financial and economic actions, and this dependence motivates economists to develop techniques for precise inflation forecasting. Nearly everyone in the economy is impacted by inflation, including lending institutions, stock brokers, and corporate financial officials. In many cases, inflation determines whether a firm will accept a particular project or if banks will make a particular loan. These different economic actors can modify their financial portfolios, strategic goals, and upcoming investments if they are able to forecast changes in inflation rates. The multiple interaction economic components that depend on inflation will be better understood by economic agents operating in a business context if inflation forecasting accuracy is improved. There are numerous techniques to forecast inflation ranging from basic statistical methods to complex neural network methods. Therefore, this paper employs LSTM model to train and analyze the Consumer Price Index (CPI) indicators to obtain inflation-related prediction results. The experimental results on historical data show that the statistical model has good performance in predicting India's inflation rate compared to deep learning methods in case of smaller dataset. 2023 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Different Machine Learning Prediction Models for Seasonal Rainfall and Crop Production in Cultivation
Agriculture is one of the strengths of India, from the last few years, gradually the agriculture growth is going downwards in other side the population growth is upwards. Reason for agricultural downward growth depends on so many parameters. The rainfall is one of the main parameters which affects the crop yield. Because of this, the farmers are also facing the loss. If they know this information in prior, the farmers can plan accordingly the type of crop suited for the particular season and it helps the farmer to get good profit out of it. Machine learning scientific and statistical methods are used for predicting the rain fall and crop yield. Kharif and Rabi are two seasons taken for analysis. The regressor predicting models are constructed to predict the seasonal rainfall and crop yield. This study primarily focuses on seasonal crop production prediction, which is dependent on rainfall. The different types of machine learning regression method are used to achieve better results. The performance of comparison models is evaluated using different metrics. Finally, the linear regression and Bayesian linear regression models comparatively produce the best result in terms of accuracy for rainfall prediction. The boosted decision tree regression model is achieving the better result for crop prediction. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Comparative Analysis of Digital Business Models
This paper discusses the comparative analysis of different attributes of Google and Facebook business model and their novel features for handling innovative business framework. We have compared Google and Facebook business model on different key attributes and also discussed the statistical analysis of business models using Google business analytics platform. We have argued performance analysis of these models. One important point which we discuss and analyze in this paper is that a business model is not about just building revenue generating machine, but it is indeed more than that. It explores the strategy and business approaches of both the models of revenue generating line of attacks. Our research contributes a considerate understanding of Google and Facebook architectural model and its influence on business framework. Statistical enactment and results are analyzed, precisely when big data and media are applied. This paper also provides better understanding of the digital marketplace for both of the platforms and its earning methodology. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. -
Comparative Analysis of Disaster Recovery, Encryption, and Database Migration Methods in Cloud Environments
This research conducts comparative analysis and performance evaluation on disaster recovery approaches, encryption strategies, and database migration methods in cloud environments. The study highlights deeper technical insights encryption techniques and demonstrates superior performance compared to the other encryption methods in securing non-data files. This approach enhances protection against insider threats while avoiding reliance on existing Oracle wallet features, ultimately leading to a reduction in licensing expenses. This study also evaluates various database migration solutions, specifically AWS DMS, Google DMS, Azure DMS, and IBMS. Notably, IBMS stands out for its proficiency in producing cross-region data copies while achieving a 75% reduction in infrastructure costs. A comparative analysis was conducted on various disaster recovery strategies, including Standard DR, Pilot Light, Warm Standby, Hot Standby, Semi Replication, and DDI. Among these, the DDI is being observed as noteworthy since it excels in decision making capabilities and auto replication role switching advantages of standby databases. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Comparative Analysis of GANs and Diffusion Models for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Hyperspectral imaging, which is obtained across numerous spectral bands, presents difficulties in classification due to its high dimensionality and intricate nature. This study provides a comparison of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Diffusion models regarding the classification of the Indian Pines, Pavia University, and Salinas Datasets, utilizing Multi-Layer Perceptron and Random Forest classifiers. The findings indicate the GANs combined with Random Forest outperform Diffusion models, attaining accuracies of 88%, 96% and 95% respectively. This approach may not outperform the top models, such as HTD-2D-3D-PCNN, but is simpler in structure and more computational efficient. Key recommendations would be real-time processing, edge device optimization, and applications customized to agriculture and urban planning. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Comparative analysis of Histogram Equalization techniques
Histogram Equalization (HE) is one of the techniques which is used for Image enhancement. This paper shows the comparative studies of Global Histogram Equalization, Local Histogram Equalization and Fast Quadratic Dynamic Histogram Equalization based on the execution time, mean squared error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). This paper shows the experimental results for these three methods with graphical representation. 2014 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Effective Crop Recommendation
The global call for sustainable farming necessitates a move away from traditional crop selection methods. These conventional approaches, often relying on farmer intuition, are imprecise and scale poorly in the face of complex environmental variables. Machine Learning (ML) models offer a robust, data-driven solution. By analyzing multifaceted data-spanning soil chemistry, weather patterns, precipitation trends, and historical yield performance-ML models can significantly enhance decision-making, optimize resource utilization, and improve overall crop outcomes. This paper delivers an extensive comparative review of key ML algorithms employed for crop recommendation, including Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). We also explore the critical role of Explainable AI (XAI) in building model transparency. Our study evaluates these models on the metrics of accuracy, interpretability, and computational overhead. The research also investigates hybrid methods that integrate deep learning with conventional ML to enhance predictive power. Our comparative findings highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each model, concluding that ANN and XAI-based approaches demonstrate the highest accuracy and adaptability for diverse agricultural conditions. We also identify significant challenges, such as data imbalances and the absence of real-time data, and discuss future trends like the integration of IoT, remote sensing, and federated learning, which will be key to making precision farming scalable and accessible. 2025 IEEE. -
Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for predicting student success and enhancing their educational outcomes
The primary objective of this study is to predict the performance of students and evaluate the efficacy of various machine learning algorithms in predicting student success based on their marks and grades (academic factors). Through a comprehensive review of literature and experimentation, this research compares the performance of different machine learning models, including but not limited to decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, logistic regression, and neural networks. The evaluation metrics considered in this comparative analysis include accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Fourteen experiments have been performed and preliminary results suggest that performances of students on the basis of academic factors might be predictable and by understanding the strengths and weaknesses of student's educational outcomes and foster student achievement can be improved. Through extensive experimentation and comparative analysis, XGBoost(ExtremeGradient Boosting) and AdaBoost demonstrated as the most effective predictive models to analyze the students' performance. 2025 Author(s). -
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models and Interpolation Techniques for Seasonal Rainfall Prediction in Tamil Nadu
This paper explains the rainfall patterns in the state of Tamil Nadu in October 2024, which is the monsoon season, with respect to the differences between the actual rainfall and what is experienced normally over districts. This study uses machine learning techniques from regression models of Random Forest and Gradient Boosting to anticipate future trends about rainfall based on the precedent data. Evaluation using Performance Metrics. The Proposed models are very well tested in terms of performance metrics like RMSE and R-squared, which gives insight about how accurate the forecasts of their results are. This research shows the applicability of QGIS to achieve geospatial analysis for visualizations of the rain distribution as well as anomalies across districts. The current work depicts the integration of data science methodology with geospatial analysis into the knowledge about climate dynamics in the state of Tamil Nadu. Research will help in deepening the understanding of regional climate impacts by bridging predictive analytics with spatial visualization, lending support to informed decision-making in the environment management context. 2025 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Uterine Cancer Prediction Using Clinical and Genomic Data
Uterine cancer prediction accuracy is important in clinical decision-making because it improves the overall chances of patient recovery. Several machine learning models, such as Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGBoost Regressor, and Support Vector Regressor, were explored to determine which is more effective in predicting uterine cancer. Attributes such as mutation counts, diagnosis age, and MSI score, were used for the analysis. The different models were tested using the standard performance metrics such as the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R2 Score. Random Forest showed the highest predictive performance with an R2 score of 0.655, followed by XGBoost regressor, which was relatively close to the R2 score of Random Forest. Support Vector Regressor performed very poorly as the R2 score was negative, implying that the model is not suitable for such prediction. Ensemble-based models, which include Random Forest and XGBoost Regressor, have proven to be more effective in handling medical prediction tasks, and this is because of their robustness and their ability when it comes to handle overfitting. Though model generalizability was affected due to small data size and the absence of hyperparameter tuning. The future work will focus on expanding the dataset, implementing hyperparameter tuning, integrating deep learning, and leveraging explainable AI (XAI). The research has provided valuable insight for clinicians who wish to use machine learning for uterine cancer prognosis. 2025 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models in Predicting Academic Outcomes: Insights and Implications for Educational Data Analytics
In the evolving landscape of educational research, the predictive analysis of student performance using data science has garnered significant interest. This study investigates the influence of diverse factors on academic outcomes, ranging from personal demographics to socioeconomic conditions, to enhance educational strategies and support mechanisms. We employed a diverse ml models to analyze a information containing academic records and socioeconomic information. The models tested include Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), Support Vector Machines (SVC), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Naive Bayes, and Decision Trees. The process involved comprehensive data preprocessing, exploratory analysis, model training, and evaluation based on metrics such as precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score. The results indicate that ensemble methods, specifically RF and GB, demonstrate superior efficacy in accurately predicting categories of student performance such as 'Enrolled,' 'Graduated,' and 'Dropped Out.' These models excelled in handling the complex interplay of varied predictors affecting student success. The results further underline the potential of advanced ensemble ML techniques in significantly outperforming the prediction accuracy in the academic domain, hence facilitating the tailoring of educational interventions to foster improved engagement and better outcomes for students. This has provided a comparative analysis of the methods that guide the future application of predictive analytics in education. 2024 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Maize Leaf Disease Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks
Worldwide, maize is a significant cereal crop for crop productivity, identifying diseases in the plant's leaves is essential to raise a good crop. Deep learning methods that have been used in recent years to precisely identify and categorize these serious diseases, offering a non-destructive and effective way to find maize leaf ailments. In order to detect maize leaf disease, this paper suggests using three well-liked deep learning models: VGG16, Inception V3, and EfficientNet. The models were trained and assessed using a datasets of 4000 images of three distinct maize leaf diseases and a healthy class. All three models had high accuracy rates, according to the results, though EfficientNet outperformed the other two models. The suggested method can detect and track diseases in maize crops with high accuracy and can be applied practically. It can accurately classify various diseases. The study also demonstrates that deep learning models can offer a trustworthy and effective solution for detecting crop diseases, which can aid in lowering crop losses, raising crop yields, and enhancing food security. 2023 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Neural Network Models for Indian Sign Language Hand Gesture Recognition
The recognition of sign language is a crucial element in filling communication gaps that exist in the population. As inclusive communication technologies become more popular, there has been a significant push to develop trustworthy systems for translating sign language into written or visual form. The use of hand gestures and body movements is a fundamental aspect of sign languages, which are commonly used by those who are deaf. The lack of proficiency in sign language makes communication difficult for most people. A project was undertaken to convert Indian Sign Language (ISL) into spoken language through research. The paper presents a comparison of various neural network models. Using OpenCVgenerated real-time images and MediaPipe, it is possible to identify hand movements and collect ISL gesture data in realtime. In the study, it was demonstrated that ResNet50 is 92 per cent accurate in real-time recognition when compared to other models. This work aims to promote inclusivity and communication skills among people who may not have the ability to hear or speak fluently. Adding face recognition to future work may improve accuracy and enable continuous sign language recognition, providing more dynamic and real-time translation capabilities. 2025 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Noise Generated in BGV Homomorphic Encryption: Lattigo vs FHEgen Parameters
Post-quantum cryptography has emerged as a critical field following advances in quantum computing that threaten classical encryption schemes such as RSA and ECC. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), particularly the Brakerski-Gentry- Vaikuntanathan (BGV) scheme based on the Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE) problem, provides a promising solution for secure computations on encrypted data. A fundamental challenge in BGV implementations is the growth of noise during homomorphic operations, which must remain below a decryption threshold to ensure correctness. This study presents a comparative analysis of noise generation in BGV implementations using two distinct parameter selection approaches: Lattigo's pre-validated generic parameters and FHEgen's automatically generated application-specific parameters. Through empirical measurements using Lattigo v6.1.1, we evaluated five parameter sets across initial noise after encryption, noise expansion during homomorphic multiplication, and overall noise growth patterns. Our results demonstrate that Lattigo N13 achieves marginally lower post-multiplication noise (0.0587 log2 bits, or 4.15% lower in magnitude), though FHEgen achieves substantially higher verified security (210 bits vs. 50-60 bits). However, Lattigo's range of pre-validated parameters (LogN = 12 to LogN = 15) offers greater flexibility for varying computational depths. We conclude that the choice between parameter selection approaches depends on application requirements: FHEgen is preferable for well-defined computational needs with noise optimization priorities, while Lattigo is advantageous when flexibility and extensive validation are critical. This work provides practical insights for FHE practitioners in selecting parameters that balance security, noise management, and computational efficiency. 2025 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Non-Destructive Silkworm Cocoon Sex Classification using Machine Learning Models Based on X-Ray and Camera Images
Silk production plays a vital role in global economies, with sericulture heavily dependent on efficient seed production processes. Traditional methods involve manually cutting cocoons to classify silkworm sex, which leads to silk damage, labor intensiveness, and potential inaccuracies. In response, non-destructive technologies like X-ray and camera imaging have emerged, enabling sex classification without cocoon damage, thereby enhancing efficiency and reducing manual errors. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of X-ray and camera imaging methods for silkworm sex classification. X-ray imaging demonstrates superior efficiency in extracting detailed features from silkworm pupae, crucial for accurate classification. In contrast, camera imaging excels in the rapid and cost-effective classification of silkworms based on extracted features. The results reveal significant findings: using X-ray imaging model achieves 97.1% accuracy for FC1 and 96.3% accuracy for FC2, employing ensemble learning technique like AdaBoost. Meanwhile, camera imaging achieves an accuracy above 98% for both FC1 and FC2 using XGBoost, showcasing its effectiveness in real-time classification scenarios. Computational time analysis indicates that X-ray imaging is faster in feature extraction, while camera imaging consumes less memory during classification. These findings underscore the practical advantages of non-destructive imaging technologies and machine learning in revolutionizing sericulture practices. By enhancing productivity and sustainability through accurate sex classification of silkworms, these methods contribute significantly to the growth and efficiency of the silk industry. 2024 IEEE. -
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos
Background: Plant-based drugs for various human ailments are becoming very important in the current domain of therapeutics. Aim: Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos are two such plant species known for their medicinal properties in traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda. Methods: Phytochemical analysis including GCMS, and antioxidant studies (DPPH) was carried out for both plant extracts. Results: Comparative phytochemical analyses of ethanol extracts of both these plants have shown the existence of bioactive components like tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. These phytochemicals were quantified and the ethanol extracts were subjected to GCMS analysis which showed the presence of cis-?-farnesene, cis-calamenene, copaene, humulene, caryophyllene, phytol, neophytadiene, n-hexadecanoic acid etc, many of which possess diverse properties like antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. DPPH and reducing power assays revealed the excellent radical scavenging activity of the extracts. Conclusion: Among the two plants under the current study, S. jambos extract showed better results when compared to P. guajava concerning the antioxidant potential and the quantity of flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols and tannins present in the plant samples. 2024, Informatics Publishing Limited. All rights reserved. -
Comparative Analysis of Prediction Algorithms for Heart Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading source of demises universally: More individuals perish yearly from heart disease than due to any other reason. An estimated 17.9 million humans died from CVDs in 2016, constituting 31% of all global deaths. [1] Such high rates of death due to heart diseases have to cease. This idea can be accelerated by the prediction of risk of CVDs. If a person can be medicated much earlier, before they have any symptoms that can be far more beneficial in averting sickness. The paper strives to communicate this issue of heart diseases employing various prediction models and optimizing them for better outcomes. The accuracy of each algorithm guides to a relative enquiry of these prediction models, forming a solid base for further research, finer prognosis and detection of diabetes. 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Comparative Analysis of Predictive Models for Customer Churn Prediction in the Telecommunication Industry
To determine the best model for churn prediction in the telecom industry, this paper compares 11 machine learning algorithms namely Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Decision Tree, XGBoost, LightGBM, Cat Boost, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, Deep Neural Network, and Hybrid Model (MLPClassifier). It also aims to pinpoint the top three factors that lead to customer churn and conducts customer segmentation to identify vulnerable groups. The results indicate that the Logistic Regression model performs the best, with an F1 score of 0.6215, 81.76% accuracy, 68.95% precision, and 56.57% recall. The top three attributes that cause churn are found to be tenure, Internet Service Fiber optic, and Internet Service DSL; conversely, the top three models in this article that perform the best are Logistic Regression, Deep Neural Network, and AdaBoost. The K means algorithm is applied to establish and analyze four different customer clusters. This study has effectively identified customers that are at risk of churn and may be utilized to develop and execute strategies that lower customer attrition. 2024 IEEE.