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Design, synthesis, single-crystal X-ray and docking studies of imidazopyridine analogues as potent anti-TB agents
With the intent to discover new anti-TB compounds, new imidazopyridine analogues were synthesized through Schiff-base reaction. The newly developed imidazopyridines (I1-I8) were characterized using spectroscopic and elemental analysis. In addition the structure of compound I3 was elucidated by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The global chemical reactivity descriptor parameter was calculated using theoretically DFT-B3LYP-631G(d) basis set which estimated HOMO-LUMO value and results are discussed. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity, while the most active compounds were subjected to a cytotoxicity assay on Vero cell lines. Most of the tested compounds exhibited significant anti-TB activity with MIC in the range 3.12 12.5 ?g/mL. Among the synthesized, compound I2 and I7 were found to be more active than the standard anti-TB drug streptomycin and comparable activity to pyrazinamide. A cytotoxicity study on Vero-cell lines confirmed the nontoxic nature of compound I2 and I7 indicating good safety profile. The molecular docking studies on PDB IB: 4ED4 enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was conducted to investigate mechanisms of anti-TB activity. The compounds displayed excellent hydrogen binding interactions and docking scores against MTB, which were in accordance with the results and further supported its credibility. 2023 -
Surveillance system based on raspberry pi for monitoring a location through a mobile device /
International Journals of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research, Vol.2, Issue 3, pp.75-79, ISSN No: 2393-8870. -
Relationship Between Socio-Cultural Environment and Creativity of Secondary School Pupils of Bengarpet Taluk
Indian Streams Research Journal Vol. 2, Issue 9, PP. 138-142, ISSN No. 2230-7850 -
Integrated Effect of Flow Field Misalignment and Gas Diffusion Layer Compression/Intrusion on High Temperature - Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Misalignment in the flow field plates of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) due to manufacturing tolerances, assembly process, or unavoidable vibration during the cell operation is contemplated its performance and durability. This study investigates the effect of flow field plate misalignment and its concomitant impact with varying the clamping pressures on HT-PEMFC operation. The study considers six degrees of cathode flow field misalignment, varying from 0% to 100% with respect to the anode flow field. Clamping pressures ranging from 1 to 2 MPa are applied to the various cases of misalignment to study their effect on GDL deformation and intrusion into the channels. The structural analysis shows that as the misalignment increases from 0 to 100%, the GDL compression increases from 26.72% to 37.75% for 1 MPa, 40.07% to 56.63% for 1.5 MPa, and 53.43% to 75.51% for 2 MPa, owing to the increase in compression approximately by 41% from their base cases and it is also crucial to note that GDL compression exaggerates at higher clamping pressures. The misalignment results in the sagging of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), and the amplitude of wave nature is proportional to the degree of misalignment and clamping pressure, indicating the misalignment is the sole factor for structural changes. As a result, considerable variance in current distribution and average value is observed, i.e., at operating voltage 0.5 V, the current density drops from 4472.7 to 4264.4, 4420.7 to 4211.8, and 4374.1 to 4161.3 A m?2 from cases 1 to 6 for clamping pressures 1, 1.5, and 2 MPa, respectively, resulting in a 4.7% loss in performance. According to the observations, a misalignment of 60% is tolerable, with minimal performance loss and negligible non-uniformity in cell distributions. 2022 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
Biogenic synthesis of g-C3N4/Bi2O3 heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity and statistical optimization of reaction parameters /
Applied Surface Science, Vol.494, pp.465-476, ISSN No: 0169-4332. -
Review on persistent challenges of perovskite solar cells stability
Today Perovskite solar cell (PSC) has achieved efficiency close to 26%, surpassing the efficiencies of well- known Dye-Sensitized Solar cells (DSSC), CdTe-based solar cells, etc. Ease of preparing perovskite solutions and convenient deposition technique has given them added advantage over other contemporary competitors. This has also made them an economically feasible option. Since the inception of PSCs in 2009, a lot of improvements have been done in various aspects like composition, synthesis technique, fabrication method, and interface study. However, today it is crucial to think about the commercialization of PSCs. In this direction, the stability of PSCs has been a long-standing question. This review focuses on the key aspects of perovskite stability. Challenges posed by environmental factors like moisture, oxygen, temperature, and light are still unanswered. The lead toxicity of PSCs demands a potential substitute of lead with no compromise in their efficiency. The lead-free approach of PSCs and their commercialization has been discussed separately. A suitable emphasis has been given to the encapsulation of solar cells, as we find it a necessary part of the future commercialization process. This review has been addressed with an ideology to provide overall knowledge on the stability issues and challenges concerned with the PSCs, to attract young research community towards this emerging field. 2021 International Solar Energy Society -
Zone based relative density feature extraction algorithm for unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition /
Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol.64, Issue 1, pp.304-314, ISSN No: 1992-8645 (Print), 1817-3195 (Online) -
Selective subset of relative density feature extraction algorithm for unconstrained single connected handwritten numeral recognition /
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vol.8, Issue 6, pp.315-321, ISSN No: 1991-8178. -
Optimization of graded catalyst layer to enhance uniformity of current density and performance of high temperature-polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
The optimal use of catalyst materials is essential to improve the performance, durability and reduce the overall cost of the fuel cell. The present study is related to spatial distributions of current and overpotential for various graded catalyst structures in a high temperature-polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC). The effect of catalyst gradient across the catalytic layer (CL) thickness and along the channel and their combination on cell performance and catalyst utilization is investigated. The graded catalytic structure comprises two, three, or multiple layers of catalyst distribution. For a total cathode catalyst loading of 0.35 mg/cm2, higher loading near the membrane presents improved cell performance and catalyst utilization due to reduced limitations caused by oxygen and ion diffusions. However, non-uniformity in the current distribution is significantly increased. The increase in the catalyst loading along the reactant flow provides a substantially uniform current density but lower cell performance. The synergy of varying catalytic profiles across the CL thickness and along the cathode flow direction is investigated. The results emphasize the importance of a rational design of cathode structure and mathematical functions as a strategic tool for functional grading of a CL towards improved uniform current distribution and catalyst utilization. 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC -
Spatial analysis of CO poisoning in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
The improved tolerance of the High Temperature-Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) to CO allows the use of reformate as an anode feed. However, the presence of several per cent of CO in the reformate, which is inevitable particularly in on-board reformation in automobiles, which otherwise demands complex systems to keep the CO level very low, will significantly lower the cell performance, especially when the HT-PEMFC is operated at 160 C or below. In this study, a three-dimensional, non-isothermal numerical model is developed and applied to a single straight-channel HT-PEMFC geometry. The model is validated against the experimental data for a broad range of current densities at different CO concentration and operating temperatures. A significant spatial variation in current density distribution is observed in the membrane because the CO sorption is a spatially non-homogeneous process depending on local operating conditions and dilution of the H2 stream. To investigate the local spatial effects on HT-PEMFC operation, the model is applied to a real cell of size 49.4 cm2 with an 8-pass serpentine flow-field at the anode and the cathode. The membrane and anode catalyst layer are segmented into 5 array to investigate the spatial resolution of the polarization curves, H2 concentration, current density, and anode polarization loss. The simulation results show that the presence of CO in the anode feed reduces cell performance, however, the results reveal that uniformity in current density distribution in the membrane improves when the cell is operated in potentiostatic mode. The results are discussed in detail with the help of several line plots and multi-dimensional contours. The study also emphasizes on the importance of optimizing the reformate anode feed rate to improve cell performance. 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC -
Investigation on the phase transformation and lattice parameters of Sn2+, Cu2+, La3+ and Ce4+ ions doped titania: characterization and solar light activity study /
International Journal For Light And Electron Optics, Vol.183, pp.496-507, ISSN No: 0030-4026. -
Microscopic, pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening of Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dc) haw leaves /
Journal of Pharmacognosy And Phytochemistry, Vol.7, Issue 6, pp.972-980, ISSN No: 2349-8234. -
Dynamic linkage among crude oil, exchange rates and P/E ratio: The case of India /
International Journal of Pure And Applied Mathematics, Vol.119, Issue 18, pp.1-14, ISSN No: 1314-3395. -
Polymer-nanocarbon composites: a promising strategy for enhanced performance of organic solar cells
The exigency for sustainable and clean energy resources has led to profound research in development of various generations of solar cells, aiming to control the over-exploitation of fossil fuels and subsequently limit environmental degradation. Among the fast-emerging third-generation solar cells, polymer solar cell technology has gained much consideration due to its potential for achieving economically feasible, lightweight, flexible solar energy harvesting devices. As a predominant research area, at present, the major concerns regarding polymer solar cells include improving conversion efficiency, enhancing absorption bandgap in polymers, limiting photochemical degradation, and remediating low dielectric constant. Nanocarbon materials can be effectively blended with polymers and have been widely reported to enhance the performance of polymer solar cells owing to their desirable characteristics like high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, non-toxicity, large specific surface area, flexibility, and optical transparency. In this review, we briefly discuss various conjugated polymer-nanocarbon composites, including polymer/graphene derivatives, polymer/graphene quantum dots (GQD), and polymer/carbon nanotubes (CNTs), elucidating their roles in the performance enhancement of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.). The Author(s) 2023. -
A Compact Super Wideband Antenna with Controllable Dual Notch Band Capability
In this paper, a novel super wideband (SWB) antenna with dual band notch capability is designed and analyzed for wide band applications. The proposed antenna consists of a pentagonal shaped radiator, beveled-shaped partial ground plane with slot and U-shaped parasitic strips. The beveled-shaped defected ground structure with rectangular slot helps to realize wideband characteristics from 2.4 to 28.2 GHz. Independent control of the notch band's center frequency and bandwidth is achieved by using U-shaped parasitic strips. This key feature is achieved in the WiMAX (3.3 to 3.7 GHz) and WLAN (5.1 to 5.9 GHz) bands. Furthermore, it exhibits a stable radiation pattern and offers acceptable gain over the entire operating bandwidth with sharp decrease in gain at the notches. The percentage bandwidth of 169% is achieved with a bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 6986. Group delay is less than 1 ns in the entire operating bandwidth except at the notch bands. The measured reflection and radiation characteristics of fabricated SWB antenna are in good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has the advantage of simple design and compact size with an overall dimension of 18 x 21 x 1.6 mm3. The performance of the proposed antenna is superior compared to reported antenna designs in terms of controllable sharp notches and size for the bandwidth achieved. 2022 IAMOT -
Single Port Multimode Reconfigurable UWB-NB Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications
In this paper, a compact, single port, multimode reconfigurable UWB-NB antenna with a novel feeding network is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a pentagonal-shaped monopole radiator, a beveled-shaped partial defected ground plane with a rectangular slot, and a reconfigurable bypass feeding network. The antenna realizes a wideband frequency range from 2.4 to 18 GHz and four narrow band frequency ranges, 5.3 to 6.8 GHz, 6.0 to 7.6 GHz, 7.2 to 8.8 GHz and 8.4 to 11.4 GHz. The antenna provides an omnidirectional radiation pattern with gain from 2.2 to 6.2 dBi maximum at 12 GHz and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ranges from 1 to 2. The fabricated antenna has an overall dimension of 181.6 mm3. Sensing and tuning ranges of the fabricated antenna shows good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed antenna has an advantage of simple design, low profile, single port excitation and omnidirectional radiation pattern making it suitable for applications such as handheld mobile cognitive radio systems. 2022 SBMO/SBMag -
Relationships between Ultrasonographic Placental Thickness in the Third Trimester and Foetal Outcomes
Poor neonatal outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), poor APGAR scores, more NICU hospitalizations, and a higher chance to develop Pre-Eclampsia, IUGR, and Oligo Hydramnios, are all linked to thin placental thickness. While both thin and thick placentae are connected to a greater prevalence of C-sections, thick placentae are linked with a greater possibility of developing GDM and an increase in NICU hospitalizations. Objective of this research was to investigate the association between placental thickness as measured by ultrasonography in the third trimester and foetal outcome, including the relationship between placental histopathology and placental thickness. investigate the link among placental thickness, foetal outcome, and placental histology. Most newborns had fibrinoid necrosis and calcifications. Babies with Macrosomia and IUGR, respectively, were more likely to develop Syncytial knots and thickening of the vessel wall. Patients with normal placenta thickness at 36 weeks' gestation experienced fewer difficulties than those with thin or thick placentas at the same time. The study emphasizes the value of evaluating placental thickness using ultrasound in the third trimester to detect high-risk pregnancies. The study also shows that aberrant foetal and neonatal events are linked to certain placental histological characteristics, like artery wall thickening and infarctions. RJPT All right reserved. -
Predicting Crude Oil Future Price Using Traditional and Artificial Intelligence-Based Model: Comparative Analysis
Crude oil is an imperative energy source for the global economy. The future value of crude oil is challenging to anticipate due to its nonstationarity in nature. The focus of this research is to appraise the explosive behavior of crude oil during 20072022, including the most recent influential crisis COVID-19 pandemic, to forecast its prices. The crude oil price forecasts by the traditional econometric ARIMA model were compared with modern Artificial Intelligence (AI)based Long Short-Term Memory Networks (ALSTM). Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean average percent error (MAPE) values have been used to evaluate the accuracy of such approaches. The results showed that the ALSTM model performs better than the traditional econometric ARIMA forecast model while predicting crude oil opening price on the next working day. Crude oil investors can effectively use this as an intraday trading model and more accurately predict the next working day opening price. 2023 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Data Science in the Medical Field
Data science has the potential to influence and improve fundamental services such as the healthcare sector. This book recognizes this fact by analyzing the potential uses of data science in healthcare. Every human body produces 2 TB of data each day. This information covers brain activity, stress level, heart rate, blood sugar level, and many other things. More sophisticated technology, such as data science, allows clinicians and researchers to handle such a massive volume of data to track the health of patients. The book focuses on the potential and the tools of data science to identify the signs of illness at an extremely early stage. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies. -
AGRI 4.0 AND THE FUTURE OF CYBER-PHYSICAL AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
Agri 4.0 and the Future of Cyber-Physical Agricultural Systems is the first book to explore the potential use of technology in agriculture with a focus on technologies that enable the reader to better comprehend the full range of CPS opportunities. From planning to distribution, CPS technologies are available to impact agricultural output, delivery, and consumption. Specific sections explore ways to implement CPS effectively and appropriately and cover digitalization of agriculture, digital computers to assist the processes of agriculture with digitized data and allied technologies, including AI, Computer Vision, Big data, Block chain, and IoT. Other sections cover Agri 4.0 and how it can digitalize, estimate, plan, predict, and produce the optimum agricultural inputs and outputs required for commercial purposes. The global team of authors also presents important insights into promising areas of precision agriculture, autonomous systems, smart farming environment, smart production monitoring, pest detection and recovery, sustainable industrial practices, and government policies in Agri 4.0. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.