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The ontological causation
[No abstract available] -
Emotional intelligence and self esteem in cannabis abusers
This study was taken up to investigate emotional intelligence and self esteem in cannabis abusers. Cross sectional hospital based study, Study is based on a sample of 200 individuals. 100 Cannabis dependent, diagnosed based on DSM-IV TR was selected from two different hospitals in north India. 100 healthy matched subjects constituted the control group. Assessment was done using MINI, General Health Questionnaire, Indian Adaptation of Emotional Intelligence Scale and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. Significant differences were seen in Emotional Intelligence between the Cannabis dependent group and normal control group. The cannabis dependent groups scored significantly low on emotional intelligence in comparison with control group. Further, cannabis dependent group scored significantly lower on score of self esteem than the normal control group. Relationship between emotional intelligence and self esteem was found to be positively correlated. Our study suggests an association between low emotional intelligence, low self esteem and cannabis dependence and the prevention and treatment of cannabis dependence should lay focus on these factors. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. -
Preparation and characterisation of amorphous mesoporous aluminophosphate and metal aluminophosphate as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification reaction
Preparation, characterisation of pure aluminophosphate and aluminophosphate modified with different transition metals (V, Fe, Co Ni & Cu) and their catalytic activity in mono/dibenzyl substituted malonates synthesis are explained. The materials were prepared by the coprecipitation method in the absence of any structure-directing species and characterized for their composition, crystalline nature, total surface acidity, specific surface area pore diameter and pore volume by different techniques. Catalytic activity of the materials was investigated in transesterification of diethylmalonate with benzyl alcohol in liquid phase. Pure aluminophosphate resulted only in benzyl ethylmalonate whereas the incorporation of transition metals favored the formation of both benzyl ethylmalonate and dibenzylmalonate. Catalytic activity parallels the surface acidity and mesoporosity of the catalysts. The effect of the molar ratio of reactants, amount of catalyst, and reaction time on the conversion of diethyl malonate and transester yield has been studied. The highest activity of iron aluminophosphate is attributed to its mesoporous nature with uniform pore size distribution, higher surface acidity and surface area. Further, the scope and generality of iron aluminophosphate as a catalyst in the transesterification was studied using various aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic alcohols. The catalysts could be recycled by retaining most of its initial activity. 2011 Acadie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. -
Optical and electrical properties of SnS semiconductor crystals grown by physical vapor deposition technique
Tin sulfide (SnS) is a material of interest for use as an absorber in low cost solar cells. Single crystals of SnS were grown by the physical vapor deposition technique. The grown crystals were characterized to evaluate the composition, structure, morphology, electrical and optical properties using appropriate techniques. The composition analysis indicated that the crystals were nearly stoichiometric with Sn-to-S atomic percent ratio of 1.02. Study of their morphology revealed the layered type growth mechanism with low surface roughness. The grown crystals had orthorhombic structure with (0 4 0) orientation. They exhibited an indirect optical band gap of 1.06 eV and direct band gap of 1.21 eV with high absorption coefficient (up to 103 cm-1) above the fundamental absorption edge. The grown crystals were of p-type with an electrical resistivity of 120 ? cm and carrier concentration 1.52015 cm-3. Analysis of optical absorption and diffuse reflectance spectra showed the presence of a wide absorption band in the wavelength range 3001200 nm, which closely matches with a significant part of solar radiation spectrum. The obtained results were discussed to assess the suitability of the SnS crystal for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. -
Ideological preferences versus national integration of India
[No abstract available] -
Decomposition of graphs into induced paths and cycles
A decomposition of a graph G is a collection ? of subgraphs H1,H2,...,Hr of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one Hi. If each Hi is either an induced path or an induced cycle in G, then ? is called an induced path decomposition of G. The minimum cardinality of an induced path decomposition of G is called the induced path decomposition number of G and is denoted by ?i(G). In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter. -
Study of stacking structure of amorphous carbon by X-ray diffraction technique
Random layered (graphene) structural parameters of the coals such as aromaticity fa, coal rank, number of carbon atoms per aromatic lamellae (n), lateral size La and stacking height Lc are determined using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). It is found that the structural parameters like fa & Lc increases, where as interlayer spacing d002 decreases with increase in carbon content, aromaticity and coal rank. The number of layers and average number of carbon atoms per aromatic graphene are found to be varying from 7 to 8 and 16-21 for the coal samples with carbon content of 72- 77.4%. A good linear relationship exists between number of layers and stacking height of the aromatic lamellae in coal. 2012 by ESG. -
Synthesis, characterization and biological activity studies on 6-p-dimethylaminophenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo [1,2-c]quinazoline: Crystal structure of the title compound and comparative study with related derivatives
Reaction of o-aminophenylbenzimidazole with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde yielded 6-p-dimethylamin-ophenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[ 1,2-c]quinazoline, which was characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectral studies and X-ray crystal structure analysis. Studies on the antimicrobial activity of the compound revealed that it is active against fungus Yeast but not Bacillus subtilis. The compound crystallized in the space group P2 1/n with the unit cell parameters a = 10.652(2) b = 11.002(2) c = 15.753(2) ? = 109.29(2) and the structure was refined to an R-factor of 0.0479. The hydropyrimidine ring in the quinazoline moiety is in skew-boat conformation. The dimethylamino group attached to phenyl ring is in conjugation with it. The structure was stabilized by intermolecular C-H-N interactions. A few of the related quinazolines (6-p-hydroxyphenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo [1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-phenyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-pyridyl-5,6- dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline; 6-furyl-5,6-dihydrobenzoimidazo[1,2-c] quinazoline) were also examined for their biological activity, in addition to their characterization by IR, UV-Vis, JH and 13C NMR spectral studies along with structural comparison. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011. -
Decomposition of graphs into induced paths and cycles
A decomposition of a graph G is a collection ? of subgraphs H1,H2,..., Hr of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one Hi. If each Hi is either an induced path or an induced cycle in G, then ? is called an induced path decomposition of G. The minimum cardinality of an induced path decomposition of G is called the induced path decomposition number of G and is denoted by ?i(G). In this paper we initiate a study of this parameter. -
A new optimal design and analysis method based on MADM for MEMS products development
Abstract This paper presents an optimum design method to support the total micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) product/device optimization, and its evaluation at the conceptual stage itself using the multiple attribute decision making method. In the traditional MEMS product development cycle, simulation and design using software tools are very important due to the knowledge limitation and complexity in design, fabrication, and packaging processes. The available tools are time consuming and relay on trial and error to achieve an optimum solution. The proposed method simplifies the relationship between parameters of design, fabrication, materials, packaging, and the performance of the MEMS product. The methodology is explained with the help of design flow diagram and time chart. A MEMS-based radio frequency (RF) power sensor is designed and the methodology is demonstrated. The proposed sensitivity analysis method is more effective and less time consuming than traditional techniques. Sensitivity analysis is carried out by varying the thickness of the signal conductor. The results of RF power sensor with insertion loss 0.428 dB, reflection loss 25.956 and voltage standing wave ratio of 1.106 at 1.5 GHz are reported. Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012. -
The dharma of Kama: Kamasra's morality of integrated Purusartha
[No abstract available] -
Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
The synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is described. This compound crystallizes in the space group P21 with unit cell parameters a = 14.207 b = 7.752(1) c = 19.473(1) ? = 91.00(3), with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The ketenedithioacetal functionality present between the carbonyl groups prevents the possibility of keto-enol tautomerization in this compound. The cinnamoyl groups are organized parallel to each other due to the push-pull nature of the ketenedithioacetal functionality. 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. -
Eco friendly nitration of toluene using modified zirconia
Nitration of toluene has been studied in the liquid phase over a series of modified zirconia catalysts. Zirconia, zirconia- ceria (Zr0.98Ce0.02)O2, sulfated zirconia and sulfated zirconia- ceria were synthesised by co precipitation method and were characterised by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, Infra red spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X ray analysis (EDAX). The acidity of the prepared catalysts was determined by FTIR pyridine adsorption study. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that the catalysts prepared mainly consist of tetragonal phase with the crystallite size in the nano range and the tetragonal phase of zirconia is stabilized by the addition of ceria. The modified zirconia samples have higher surface area and exhibits uniform pore size distribution aggregated by zirconia nanoparticles. The onset of sulfate decomposition was observed around 723 K for sulfated samples. The catalytic performance was determined for the liquid phase nitration of toluene to ortho-, meta- and para- nitro toluene. The effect of reaction temperature, concentration of nitric acid, catalyst reusability and reaction time was also investigated. 2013 BCREC UNDIP. -
Leaching of minerals in subbituminous Indian coal and characterisation of the products by SEM
Coal is chemically and physically a complex and heterogeneous material, consisting of organic and inorganic mineral constituents. Presence of minerals in excess will pollute water, air and soil. Concerted efforts are needed to reduce 'ash forming' inorganic elements and to develop clean methods of using coal. This paper reports the demineralization of sub bituminous coal with EDTA, HCl, HF, chloroform and acid mixture. The residual coal from each treatment was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Ultimate analysis. All the micrographs were bright field and revealed several features corresponding to the mineral grains. It comprised of lithophiles like aluminium, silicates and calcium. The absences of some morphological features correspond to inorganic elements in residual coal samples confirming 'demineralization'. This result was further confirmed with the CHNS analysis. It was evident from the results that amongst the leachants used, Hydrofluoric acid and acid mixture had significant effect in removing the mineral matter, sulphur and oxygenated functional groups. Global Science Publications. -
Low cost calibrated mechanical noisemaker for hearing screening of neonates in resource constrained settings
Background & objectives: There is a need to develop an affordable and reliable tool for hearing screening of neonates in resource constrained, medically underserved areas of developing nations. This study valuates a strategy of health worker based screening of neonates using a low cost mechanical calibrated noisemaker followed up with parental monitoring of age appropriate auditory milestones for detecting severe-profound hearing impairment in infants by 6 months of age. Methods: A trained health worker under the supervision of a qualified audiologist screened 425 neonates of whom 20 had confirmed severe-profound hearing impairment. Mechanical calibrated noisemakers of 50, 60, 70 and 80 dB (A) were used to elicit the behavioural responses. The parents of screened neonates were instructed to monitor the normal language and auditory milestones till 6 months of age. This strategy was validated against the reference standard consisting of a battery of tests - namely, auditory brain stem response (ABR), otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and behavioural assessment at 2 years of age. Bayesian prevalence weighted measures of screening were calculated. Results: The sensitivity and specificity was high with least false positive referrals for 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers. All the noisemakers had 100 per cent negative predictive value. 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers had high positive likelihood ratios of 19 and 34, respectively. The probability differences for pre- and post- test positive was 43 and 58 for 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: In a controlled setting, health workers with primary education can be trained to use a mechanical calibrated noisemaker made of locally available material to reliably screen for severe-profound hearing loss in neonates. The monitoring of auditory responses could be done by informed parents. Multi-centre field trials of this strategy need to be carried out to examine the feasibility of community health care workers using it in resource constrained settings of developing nations to implement an effective national neonatal hearing screening programme. -
Quantum tasks using six qubit cluster states
The usefulness of the recent experimentally realized six photon cluster state by C. Y. Lu et al. (Nature 3:91, 2007) is investigated for quantum communication protocols like quantum teleportation and quantum information splitting (QIS) and dense coding. We show that the present state can be used for the teleportation of an arbitrary two qubit state deterministically. Later, we devise two distinct protocols for the QIS of an arbitrary two qubit state among two parties. We construct sixteen orthogonal measurement basis on the cluster state, which will lock an arbitrary two qubit state among two parties. The capability of the state for dense coding is investigated and it is shown that one can send five classical bits by sending only three qubits using this state as a shared entangled resource.We finally show that this state can also be utilised in the remote state preparation of an arbitrary two qubit state. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010. -
Neuro-technology and counselling
[No abstract available] -
Crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1, 6-heptadiene-3,5-dione
The synthesis and crystal structure of 1,7-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(1,3- dithiolan-2-ylidene)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione is described. This compound is a curcuminoid analogue, configurationally symmetric about the C4-C5 atoms and also retains the two fold axis in the crystal phase. This compound crystallizes in the space group C2/c with unit cell parameters a = 19.203(1) b = 13.147(1) c = 8.801(1) ? = 112.99(1), with half a molecule in the asymmetric unit. The ketenedithioacetal functionality present between the carbonyl groups prevents the possibility of keto-enol tautomerization in this compound. The push-pull nature of the ketenedithioacetal functionality organizes the cinnamoyl groups parallel to each other. 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. -
Induced acyclic path decomposition in graphs
A decomposition of a graph G is a collection ? of graphs H1, H2,...,Hr of G such that every edge of G belongs to exactly one Hi. If each Hi is either an induced path in G, then ? is called an induced acyclic path decomposition of G and if each Hi is a (induced) cycle in G then ? is called a (induced) cycle decomposition of G. The minimum cardinality of an induced acyclic path decomposition of G is called the induced acyclic path decomposition number of G and is denoted by ?ia(G). Similarly the cyclic decomposition number ?c(G) is defined. In this paper we begin an investigation of these parameters.