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Gas Kinematics and Dynamics of Carina Pillars: A Case Study of G287.76-0.87
We study the kinematics of a pillar, namely G287.76-0.87, using three rotational lines of 12CO(5-4), 12CO(8-7), 12CO(11-10), and a fine structure line of [O i] 63 ?m in southern Carina observed by SOFIA/GREAT. This pillar is irradiated by the associated massive star cluster Trumpler 16, which includes ? Carina. Our analysis shows that the relative velocity of the pillar with respect to this ionization source is small, ?1 km s?1, and the gas motion in the tail is more turbulent than in the head. We also performed analytical calculations to estimate the gas column density in local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions, which yields N CO as (?0.2-5) 1017 cm?2. We further constrain the gass physical properties in non-LTE conditions using RADEX. The non-LTE estimations result in n H 2 ? 10 5 cm ? 3 and N CO ? 1016 cm?2. We found that the thermal pressure within the G287.76-0.87 pillar is sufficiently high to make it stable for the surrounding hot gas and radiation feedback if the winds are not active. While they are active, stellar winds from the clustered stars sculpt the surrounding molecular cloud into pillars within the giant bubble around ? Carina. 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
GASP XVIII: Star formation quenching due to AGN feedback in the central region of a jellyfish galaxy
We report evidence for star formation quenching in the central 8.6 kpc region of the jellyfish galaxy JO201 that hosts an active galactic nucleus (AGN), while undergoing strong ram-pressure stripping. The ultraviolet imaging data of the galaxy disc reveal a region with reduced flux around the centre of the galaxy and a horse-shoe-shaped region with enhanced flux in the outer disc. The characterization of the ionization regions based on emission line diagnostic diagrams shows that the region of reduced flux seen in the ultraviolet is within the AGN-dominated area. The CO J2-1 map of the galaxy disc reveals a cavity in the central region. The image of the galaxy disc at redder wavelengths (9050-9250 reveals the presence of a stellar bar. The star formation rate map of the galaxy disc shows that the star formation suppression in the cavity occurred in the last few 108 yr. We present several lines of evidence supporting the scenario that suppression of star formation in the central region of the disc is most likely due to the feedback from the AGN. The observations reported here make JO201 a unique case of AGN feedback and environmental effects suppressing star formation in a spiral galaxy. 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. -
GASP XXIII: A Jellyfish Galaxy as an Astrophysical Laboratory of the Baryonic Cycle
With MUSE, Chandra, VLA, ALMA, and UVIT data from the GASP program, we study the multiphase baryonic components in a jellyfish galaxy (JW100) with a stellar mass 3.2 1011 M o hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We present its spectacular extraplanar tails of ionized and molecular gas, UV stellar light, and X-ray and radio continuum emission. This galaxy represents an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between different gas phases and star formation and the influence of gas stripping, gas heating, and AGNs. We analyze the physical origin of the emission at different wavelengths in the tail, in particular in situ star formation (related to H?, CO, and UV emission), synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons (producing the radio continuum), and heating of the stripped interstellar medium (ISM; responsible for the X-ray emission). We show the similarities and differences of the spatial distributions of ionized gas, molecular gas, and UV light and argue that the mismatch on small scales (1 kpc) is due to different stages of the star formation process. We present the relation H?-X-ray surface brightness, which is steeper for star-forming regions than for diffuse ionized gas regions with a high [O i]/H? ratio. We propose that ISM heating due to interaction with the intracluster medium (either for mixing, thermal conduction, or shocks) is responsible for the X-ray tail, observed [O i] excess, and lack of star formation in the northern part of the tail. We also report the tentative discovery in the tail of the most distant (and among the brightest) currently known ULX, a pointlike ultraluminous X-ray source commonly originating in a binary stellar system powered by either an intermediate-mass black hole or a magnetized neutron star. 2019. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. -
GASP. XV. A MUSE view of extreme ram-pressure stripping along the line of sight: Physical properties of the jellyfish galaxy JO201
We present a study of the physical properties of JO201, a unique disc galaxy with extended tails undergoing extreme ram-pressure stripping (RPS) as it moves through the massive cluster Abell 85 at supersonic speeds mostly along the line of sight. JO201 was observed with multi-unit spectroscopic explorer as part of the GASP programme. In a previous paper (GASP II) we studied the stellar and gas kinematics. In this paper we present emission-line ratios, gas-phase metallicities, and ages of the stellar populations across the galaxy disc and tails. We find that while the emission at the core of the galaxy is dominated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN), the disc is composed of star-forming knots surrounded by excited diffuse gas. The collection of star-forming knots presents a metallicity gradient steadily decreasing from the centre of the galaxy outwards, and the ages of the stars across the galaxy show that the tails formed ? 109 yr ago. This result is consistent with an estimate of the stripping time-scale (?1 Gyr), obtained from a toy orbital model. Overall, our results independently and consistently support a scenario in which a recent or ongoing event of intense RPS acting from the outer disc inwards, causes removal and compression of gas, thus altering the AGN and star formation activity within and around the galaxy. 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. -
Gastronomic delights for community growth: unravelling the impact of sustainable tourism in Sikkim, India
Community development (CD) and sustainable gastronomy tourism development (SGTD) are mutually beneficial. Therefore, this study calls for a thorough investigation and interpretation of the phenomenon. In the context of Sikkim, India, this study examines the effects of SGTD on CD. The research question of whether sustainable gastronomy tourism (SGT) influences CD is addressed through a narrative analysis. The stories of ten local food vendors are gathered and examined using the categorical-content approach. However, the narratives indicate that local food vendors do believe that SGTD can act as a catalyst for local development, and that using traditional food as an alternative source of income can offer them a number of benefits. Other facets of gastronomic tourism are identified in the stories that may have unfavourable effects. Several ways to promote SGTD are suggested. The paper concludes that, to endorse gastronomic tourism (GT), local community involvement and strict policies are crucial. Copyright 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Gaussian MutationSpider Monkey Optimization (GM-SMO) Model for Remote Sensing Scene Classification
Scene classification aims to classify various objects and land use classes such as farms, highways, rivers, and airplanes in the remote sensing images. In recent times, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based models have been widely applied in scene classification, due to their efficiency in feature representation. The CNN based models have the limitation of overfitting problems, due to the generation of more features in the convolutional layer and imbalanced data problems. This study proposed Gaussian MutationSpider Monkey Optimization (GM-SMO) model for feature selection to solve overfitting and imbalanced data problems in scene classification. The Gaussian mutation changes the position of the solution after exploration to increase the exploitation in feature selection. The GM-SMO model maintains better tradeoff between exploration and exploitation to select relevant features for superior classification. The GM-SMO model selects unique features to overcome overfitting and imbalanced data problems. In this manuscript, the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is used for generating the augmented images, and the AlexNet and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) 19 models are applied to extract the features from the augmented images. Then, the GM-SMO model selects unique features, which are given to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for classification. In the resulting phase, the GM-SMO model achieves 99.46% of accuracy, where the existing transformer-CNN has achieved only 98.76% on the UCM dataset. 2022 by the authors. -
Gaze and Queer Autonomy? Representations and Possibilities on New Visual Media Landscapes in the Indian Context
Representations of sexuality in Indian mainstream cinema tend to reinforce sexual differences, imbalances, and certain stereotypes that put queer identities in a disadvantageous position. The shift and transition from the monopoly of the state to an era of popular forms of entertainment enabled the centrality of debates on representations and sexuality. The study examines the representations of queerness that flourished on new visual media landscapes such as the OTT platforms Netflix and Amazon Prime Video that engaged in a new dialogue on queer representations and possibilities. The study attempts to analyze Super Deluxe (2019), Made in Heaven (2019) and Ajeeb Daastans (2021), as they become the representative form of cinema that marked the shift and engaged in a new dialogue on queer representations and possibilities. The study reads queer representation in light of the frameworks of gaze and homophyly to understand why they might offer different opportunities for representation and gaze. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
GCMS Analysis and zebrafish studiesr reveal presence of antilipidemic phytochemicals in methanolic seed extracts of phaseolus vulgaris /
International Journal of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences, Vol.9, Issue 2, pp.796-802, ISSN No: 2230-7605. -
GCMS analysis, anthelmintic, antibacterial and antifungal properties of unripe fruit peel extract of Musa paradisiaca L.
Endoparasites, namely, Ascaris sp., Taenia sp., Haemonchus contortus, Ancylostoma duodenale etc. are of serious concern since they can lead to financial loss if farm animals are attacked by these parasites. Finding out cost-effective natural remedies for these infections is an area of research in the field of veterinary sciences. The current study was undertaken with a view to explore the anthelmintic property of banana peel along with its other bioactive properties. The fruit is available abundantly throughout the year and the peel is often discarded as waste. This study has shown that the extracts of the Nendran variety of Musa paradisiaca L. fruit peel have potent anthelmintic, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies have also given positive results. GCMS analysis has revealed the major phytochemicals responsible for the bioactive properties of the peel. Since the United Nations has urged countries to align research and development with a thrust on sustainable development, these kinds of natural alternatives are best suited in place of synthetic drugs. 2023 World Research Association. All rights reserved. -
Ge-GaAs-Ge Heterojunction MOSFETs for Mixed-Signal Applications
A lattice matched heterojunction intraband tunnel (HJIBT) FET is proposed. The performance dependence of the device on conduction band (CB) discontinuity at source-channel and drain-channel interface is addressed using numerical simulation. Various mechanisms governing transport phenomena in the HJIBT FET are investigated in detail for different CB offsets (CBOs). For low gate to source voltage ( ${V}_{\text {GS}}$ ), thermionic emission is found to be the most significant transport mechanism. For moderate ${V}_{\text {GS}}$ , intraband tunneling phenomenon dominates over thermionic emission and continues to remain so. At high ${V}_{\text {GS}}$ , band-to-band tunneling occurs in HJIBT FETs. The proposed device shows improved figures of merit such as drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), ON-current ( ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ ) to OFF-current ( ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ) ratio ( ${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ), subthreshold slope (SS), gate capacitance ( ${C}_{\text {G}}$ ), ${g}_{m}$ (transconductance), and ${f}_{T}$ (cut-off frequency), with respect to conventional MOSFET. Also, the design of a high-performance hybrid 6T-static random access memory (SRAM) is proposed. 1963-2012 IEEE. -
Gems of Prediction: From Clarity to Carats - Unveiling Diamond Prices with Machine Learning in Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis
Background: This research focuses on using Weka's toolkit to test machine learning models for predicting diamond prices. The complexity of diamond value characteristics, such as carat, cut, color, and clarity, motivates the study to find the most accurate models. The goal is to promote fairer market processes and customer education. Methods used: The research rigorously preprocesses a diamond attributes dataset using Weka for analysis. Various machine learning algorithms are examined, including simple algorithms like Decision Stump and ZeroR, sophisticated models like M5P and REP Tree, and advanced ensemble approaches like Bagging with REP Tree. Model performance is evaluated using train/test splits (80-70-60%) and cross-validation (5-fold and 10-fold) with metrics such as Correlation Coefficient, MAE, and RMSE. Results achieved: The research finds that ensemble approaches, particularly Bagging with REP Tree, outperform simple and sophisticated models in diamond price prediction. These techniques demonstrate higher accuracy and lower error rates, highlighting the need for multiple models to capture the complexity of diamond valuation. Simple models provide benchmarks and insights into dataset trends but are less precise. Concluding remarks: This study contributes to the understanding of machine learning algorithms for diamond price prediction, an important economic valuation subject. It demonstrates the effectiveness of complex data analysis methods using Weka. The research also highlights the accessibility and sophistication of machine learning at the crossroads, with Weka's cutting-edge algorithms making complicated analytical methods more accessible for practical, everyday use. This work adds to the knowledge of the dynamics of diamond prices and the role of machine learning in economic research. 2024 IEEE. -
Gen z student expectations towards employer attractiveness: An indian perspective
A study was undertaken to determine Generation Z management students' perceptions as to what factors would attract them to seek a career in an organization, and their expectations in this context. Over 330 students from both first- and second- year management programs participated in the self- administered printed questionnaire based on 25- item employer attractiveness scale and included additional items like choosing the top five items from the 25 list. A focus group discussion was also undertaken to determine what the perceived benefit to the students was for each of the 25 items would deliver to them. The study also compared the findings with published research and notes the common factors in terms of employer branding, employee engagement industry studies on work and links to other models like Herzberg's hygiene factors. The results were compared to similar studies conducted in Sri Lanka and Australia and substantive similarities were reported. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Gender as a Predictor in the Perception of Sexual Harassment Definition
Sexual harassment is a pervasive problem across the globe and it is generally viewed subjectively. The review of the literature suggests that individual perception, history of past sexual harassment and other personal factors influence beliefs concerning the seriousness of the problem. The present study aims to explore the role of socio demographic variables in the definition of sexual harassment. One hundred and sixty-one college students volunteered for this study. Personal profile sheet and Sexual Harassment Definition Questionnaire were used to collect the data. The results of the chi-square test suggested that girls and students who already experienced sexual harassment found larger social incidents as harassment. However, the results of logistic regression found gender as a strong predictor of sexual harassment definition and the history of past harassment was failed to provide a statistical significance. Educating men on male privilege, violence against women and identifying behaviours in them that are not acceptable by women will be helpful. The Electrochemical Society -
Gender Differences in Social Capital and Job Search Methods in the Information Technology Industry in Bangalore
The Indian Journal of Economics Vol. 55, No. 3, pp 501-917, ISSN No. 0971-7927 -
Gender differences in social capital and job search methods in the information technology industry in bangalore
The existence of transaction costs in recruitments and information asymmetry in the labour markets could lead to a preference for informal methods of job search for potential employees and referral-based recruitments for employers. This preference is explicit in the Information Technology (IT) industry, which promotes an incentive-based referral recruitment system. However, such a system raises questions as to whether a level playing field is available for men and women alike to compete for available jobs in the industry. The paper aims at shedding light on the differences in social capital characteristics of men and women, in their job search choices between formal and informal methods, and the implications of the same in the labour market through a gendered perspective. Additionally, the paper explores the association between the strength of ties in informal networks, on one hand, and income and job satisfaction in jobs found through these networks, on the other. The study finds that there are considerable differences in the social capital characteristics of male and female IT employees. The relationship between the strength of ties in informal contacts used to find the current job and job satisfaction are consistent with the existing theoretical insights. However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the strength of ties and income. 2017, Springer India. All rights reserved. -
Gender Differentials in Entrepreneurship: Insights from a Multi-method Study
Gender inequality is an obstacle to inclusive growth, and literature reveals shortcomings in the basic entrepreneurial assumption of equal access to resources, support and economic opportunities for women. International bodies have emphasised the need to examine gender differentials at various levels like, country, organisational and individual levels. Our study is a novel attempt in this direction and aims to build a comprehensive understanding of gender differentials in entrepreneurship using multi-method research design. We analyse and integrate findings from the macro-level using national level datasets (NSSO and Economic Census) and the micro-level using surveys (primary data and GEM India data). Our results note a gender equality lacuna, calling for the need to include meaningful sex-disaggregated data in national surveys, the entrepreneurial intentions of women, behavioural traits impacting women entrepreneurs, the importance of entrepreneurship education, fear of failure, self-confidence and the need for role models. We propose a model of macro and micro factors impacting women entrepreneurship in developing countries. 2022 SAGE Publications. -
Gender diversity and organizational performance: A study of IT industries in Bangalore
Humans are considered to be different from each other with their acumen and intelligence. The working condition in IT sector has changed over the past few decades. There has been a drastic increase in the number of female employees towards the development of IT sector over the past few years. Gender diversity is creating a wide range of awareness and helps understand the importance of gender identity. IT industry which is a dominant industry in India has reckoned gender diversity as a major tool to ensure it stands on criteria of being competent and innovative in the ever changing dynamic business environment. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between acceptance of gender diversity among the employees, diversity practices and programs adopted by the IT industries and barriers to the same. Limited Liability Company Consulting Publishing Company Business Perspectives, 2017. -
Gender gap in travel behaviour and public opinion on proposed policy measures: Evidence from India
Employing primary survey data collected from Jaipur city in India, this work attempts to evaluate inconsistencies in travel behaviour based on gender. It also intends to discuss the public opinion on a few proposed policy changes which can aid in bridging the established gender gap. Stratified random sampling approach is used to gather data on travel pattern measures and socioeconomic attributes. Descriptive statistics complemented with bivariate probit model and seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model is applied on the data acquired. The obtained results confirm the existence of a gender gap in all observed measures of travel behaviour. Compared to men, women travel shorter distances, use more of non-motorised modes of transport, have lower frequency of travelling, and travel majorly for purposes other than work. Results of the study also highlight how a majority of the respondents are in favour of policy changes aimed at narrowing the observed gender disparities. The analysis demands infrastructural development of non-motorised transportation and public transportation in the city in such a way which is both efficient and secured, so as to neither obstruct the objective of empowerment nor of sustainability. 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Gender Identification of Silkworm Pupa and Automated Cocoon Cutting Machine for Benefiting the Sericulture Grainages in Karnataka
Sericulture is the backbone of a mediocre farmer family in India. Sericulture provides a major financial support to the farmers with minimum infrastructure and maintenance. Farmers collect the seed cocoons from the grainages also known as seed factories. Grainages produce high quality seeds by mating the male and female cocoons. There is a huge demand of labor in these seed factories to process cocoons. The process includes deflossing, removal of pupa from the cocoon, gender identification, mating, storage of seeds, dispersal of eggs to farmers. Removal of pupa from the cocoon requires the labor to cut open a small portion of the cocoon and remove the pupa from inside. Presently in India, most of the grainages induce female laborers to perform the above job. Pupa is removed from the cocoon by cutting the cocoon using a stainless-steel blade. Each labour is given certain amount of cocoons to cut in a day. This requirement would force the laborers to perform the job at a higher speed which poses a threat of getting wounded by the blade. Hence the process of removal of pupa from the cocoon and sex identification of pupa to be automated. Thereby it is important to automate the possible processes in the grainages which could reduce human intervention and increase productivity. Bivoltaine hybrid race of silkworm namely FC1 and FC2 are the varieties under consideration for the research. Theses silkworm varieties are majorly used in grainages for seed production and hence the proposed machine was introduced. This semi automated cocoon cutting machine identifies the gender of the cocoon and later cut the required amount of cocoons minimally. This process would help in maintaining the maximum reliability of silk thread. Thereby the silkworm gender identification has to be non destructive. Image classification were done using Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Visual Geometry Group 16 (VGG16) and Efficient net methods, among which the latter produced highest accuracy. The Efficient Net method has produced the validation accuracy of 98.99% for FC1 and 99.9 for FC2 variety. An automated cocoon cutting machine was developed to cut open the cocoons at a high speed. It is important to automate the possible processes in the grainages which could reduce human intervention and increase productivity. This paper focuses on automating the gender identification and removal of the pupa from the cocoon. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Gender Issues and Related Social Stigma Affecting Patients with a Disorder of Sex Development in India
Children with disorders of sex development (DSD) manifest at birth with malformed genitalia or later with atypical pubertal development. Those born with malformed genitalia are often diagnosed at birth. However, in resource-poor countries like India, where not all births are supervised by healthcare workers, some of these children remain undiagnosed until puberty or even later. The aim of this study was to assess the gender issues and psychosocial problems of children with DSD. Participants included 205 children with DSD (103 with 46,XX DSD and 102 with 46,XY DSD). Both the children with DSD and their parents underwent semistructured interviews by a clinical psychologist. The birth of a child with DSD was perceived as a major medical and social problem by parents from all socioeconomic strata. Mothers were distressed as many believed the DSD condition was transmitted through the mother. Children who were not diagnosed and treated during infancy or early childhood experienced considerable social discrimination not only from relatives and friends but also from medical and paramedical staff in hospitals. Several patients had been operated during infancy without an etiological diagnosis and without provision of adequate information to the parents. Some children had problems related to complications of surgery. Most teenage patients with 5?-reductase-2 deficiency reared as females presented with gender dysphoria, while children with androgen insensitivity (except for one) or with gonadal dysgenesis developed a gender identity concordant with their gender of rearing. Parents of children with DSD preferred a male gender assignment for their children (if that was possible) because of the social advantages of growing up male in a patriarchal society. 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.