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Edge incident 2-edge coloring of graphs
The edge incident 2-edge coloring of a graph G is an edge coloring of the graph G such that not more than two colors are assigned to the edges incident to an edge e = uv in G. In other words, for every edge e in G, the edge e and all the edges that are incident to the edge e is in at most two different color classes. The edge incident 2-edge coloring number ?'ein2 (G) is the maximum number of colors in any edge incident 2-edge coloring of G. The main objective of this paper is to study the edge incident 2-edge coloring concept and apply the same to some graph classes. Besides finding the exact values of these parameters, we also obtain some bounds. 2025 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
EDGE INCIDENT 2-EDGE COLORING SUM OF GRAPHS
The edge incident 2-edge coloring number, ?ein2(G), of a graph G is the highest coloring number used in an edge coloring of a graph G such that the edges incident to an edge e = uv in G is colored with at most two distinct colors. The edge incident 2-edge coloring sum of a graph G, denoted as (Formula presented.), is the greatest sum among all the edge incident 2-edge coloring of graph G which receives maximum ?ein2(G) colors. The main objective of this paper is to study the edge incident 2-edge coloring sum of graphs and find the exact values of this parameter for some known graphs. I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2025; all rights reserved. -
EDGE INCIDENT 2-EDGE COLORING SUM OF GRAPHS
The edge incident 2-edge coloring number, ?ein2(G), of a graph G is the highest coloring number used in an edge coloring of a graph G such that the edges incident to an edge e = uv in G is colored with at most two distinct colors. The edge incident 2-edge coloring sum of a graph G, denoted as (Formula presented.), is the greatest sum among all the edge incident 2-edge coloring of graph G which receives maximum ?ein2(G) colors. The main objective of this paper is to study the edge incident 2-edge coloring sum of graphs and find the exact values of this parameter for some known graphs. I??k University, Department of Mathematics, 2025; all rights reserved. -
Edge intelligence to smart management and control of epidemic
The effects of COVID-19 vary from person to person. A pandemic is devastating economically and socially. Thousands of enterprises face the possibility of collapse. More than half of the world's 3.3 billion workers may lose their livelihoods if the current crisis continues. The world's healthcare services are facing an unprecedented situation due to the recent outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Community and government health are adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has continued to spread, and mortalities have risen steadily. The spread of this disease can therefore be controlled utilizing nonpharmacological methods, such as quarantine, isolation, and public health education. Recent breakthroughs in deep learning (DL) have led to an explosion in applications and services relating to artificial intelligence (AI). The rapid advancements in mobile computing and AI have enabled zillions of Bytes of data to be generated at the network edge from thousands of mobile devices and internet of things (IoT) devices connected to the Internet. As a result of the success of IoT and AI technologies, it is of utmost importance that we expand the AI frontiers to the network edge in order for big data to be fully tapped. Edge computing (EC) can help overcome this trend because it allows computation-intensive AI applications to run on edge hardware. The topic of discussion in this chapter is edge intelligence (EI) technology's application in limiting virus spread during pandemics. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Edge, IIoT with AI: Transforming industrial engineering and minimising security threat
[No abstract available] -
Edge/Fog Computing: An Overview and Insight into Research Directions
The rapid proliferation of data from applications including IoT, and on-demand access to data have increased dependency on cloud computing, which helps to minimize the overhead related to data storage and maintenance. Applications such as IoT, industrial control, etc. generate data which are highly time-critical in most scenarios. The cloud platform offers permanent storage of this massive amount of data but with comparatively less focus on time-sensitivity. Edge/fog computing are extensions of the cloud computing paradigm and require less response time for time-sensitive data. The edge/fog brings processing and storage closer to the edge of the network, thereby reducing network traffic, delay, and latency. It acts as an intermediate layer between the end devices and the cloud platform, for data collection, offloading, processing, and data management. This chapter addresses the need for fog computing, presents the design model for edge/fog computing, and discusses applications and open issues of implementation. The three-layered network model, the services provided by the edge/fog computing, and a few research challenges of implementation will also be discussed. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Edible Flowers: An Updated Review on Nutritional Composition, Phytochemicals, and Biological Activities
Edible flowers have been identified as a possible source of vitamins, minerals, protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Additionally, they are abundant in bioactive substances such as terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, glucosinolates, and essential oils. The pharmacological properties of edible flowers have been shown to include anti-aging, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects in recent years. The most recent information on the nutritional, phytochemical, and biological properties of agathi, lotus, moringa, and banana flowers is presented in this review. This analysis concludes by shedding light on the latest data regarding the use of edible flowers in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. 2026 Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy. -
Edible Innovation: How Youth-Driven Trends Are Shaping the Future of Food Marketing
The food market is undergoing changes, and consumers 2020 to 2024 are shaping a market segment with unique eating behaviours. Nowhere is the impact of transformative trends that are reshaping the present and near future of markets and populations so pronounced than in food marketing and consumption. Dates throughout 2020-2024 are being pondered in this chapter to explain what makes this current generation tick. It also contains an overview of new innovations and modern changes in products and process, promotional, and marketing activities. This chapter looks at how the strong will, character, and ambition of the new generation are paving new paths in the food industry, leaving outdated practices behind and hitting the reset button on standards of health and sustainability. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Edible Innovation: How Youth-Driven Trends Are Shaping the Future of Food Marketing
The food market is undergoing changes, and consumers 2020 to 2024 are shaping a market segment with unique eating behaviours. Nowhere is the impact of transformative trends that are reshaping the present and near future of markets and populations so pronounced than in food marketing and consumption. Dates throughout 2020-2024 are being pondered in this chapter to explain what makes this current generation tick. It also contains an overview of new innovations and modern changes in products and process, promotional, and marketing activities. This chapter looks at how the strong will, character, and ambition of the new generation are paving new paths in the food industry, leaving outdated practices behind and hitting the reset button on standards of health and sustainability. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Editorial: Methods and applications in cognitive science
[No abstract available] -
Editorial: Probiotics for global health: advances, applications and challenges
[No abstract available] -
EDSSR: a secure and power-aware opportunistic routing scheme for WSNs
Motivated by the pivotal role of routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the prevalent security vulnerabilities arising from existing protocols, this research tackles the inherent challenges of securing WSNs. Many current WSN routing protocols prioritize computational efficiency but lack robust security measures, making them susceptible to exploitation by malicious actors. The prevalence of reactive protocols, chosen for their lower bandwidth consumption, exacerbates security concerns, as proactive alternatives require more resources for maintaining network routes. Additionally, the ad hoc nature and energy constraints of WSNs render conventional security models designed for wired and wireless networks unsuitable. In response to these limitations, this paper introduces the Secured Energy-Efficient Opportunistic Routing Scheme for Sustainable WSNs (EDSSR). EDSSR is designed to enhance security in WSNs by continuously updating neighbor information and validating the legitimacy of standard routing parameters. Critically, the protocol is power-aware, recognizing the vital importance of energy considerations in the constrained environment of WSNs. To assess the efficacy of EDSSR in mitigating WSN vulnerabilities, simulation experiments were conducted, evaluating the protocols performance on key metrics such as throughput, average End-to-End delay (delay), energy consumption (EC), network lifetime (alive nodes), and malware detection rate. The results demonstrate that the EDSSR protocol significantly improves performance. It shows substantial gains in sum goodput relative to throughput, average delay, EC, and alive nodes. Specifically, the EDSSR protocol is 23% faster than DLAMD and 1013% faster than EEFCR. Additionally, the malware detection rate increases by 23%. The Author(s) 2024. -
EdTech tools for sustainable practices: A green revolution in education
The rapid advancement of Education Technology (EdTech) offers promising opportunities for educational institutions to integrate sustainable business practices into their operations and curriculum. The integration of EdTech into sustainability education has emerged as a powerful tool to promote environmental awareness, foster sustainable behavior, and address the pressing challenges of climate change and resource depletion. This chapter explores the growing significance of EdTech in sustainability education, analyzing its potential to cultivate a generation of environmentally conscious and responsible global citizens. It also aims at identifying and examining the most prominent emerging EdTech tools specifically designed to promote sustainability in educational settings. Furthermore, it aims to comprehend the institutional elements that have successfully incorporated and expanded the utilization of EdTech tools to promote enduring business practices. Additionally, the chapter addresses the challenges and obstacles faced by educational institutions in adopting and implementing these technologies and propose strategies to overcome these barriers. 2024 Allam Hamdan. All rights reserved. -
Educate, enable and empower future leaders: A model for community development through the child sponsorship program
The Child Sponsorship Program is an attempt by development organizations to reinstate the rights of a child to education, focusing on the overall well-being of a child and the community. The Sustainable Development Goals view Child Sponsorship Program as a tool for contributing towards development goals and targets. While the conventional models of the Child Sponsorship Program focused on the scholastic performance of children up to the elementary level, several progressive sponsorship programs aim at the whole personal development of the children and their community by ensuring community participation and a development-based approach targeting education, livelihood, empowerment, etc. This program channelized by the Centre for Social Action (CSA), CHRIST (Deemed to be) University), Bengaluru, is a child development program that engages with the goals of holistic development of the child and community development through the Child Sponsorship Program in two urban slum communities in Bengaluru. The research aims to study the change brought in the indicators, such as education, behaviour and attitude change, leadership and their holistic development, by the program. It also intends to assess the impact of the program on the development of the family, community and participation of the community members in the academic development of children. The study follows a qualitative study employing in-depth interviewing and Focused Group Discussions with parents and child participants of the communities where the Child Sponsorship Program is implemented. The data is analyzed through qualitative and quantitative software. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Education and Human Emergencies Conundrum
This chapter aims to make sublime the phenomenological research design to bring out the essence of human teaching during emergencies. The approach identifies distinguishing attributes through subjective comprehension, experiences, and beliefs of teaching when the routine is disrupted through emergencies, disasters, and conflicts. It is intended to increase the comprehension of subjective attitudes, beliefs, and experiences while working in emergencies. It also looks at participant engagement in teaching and learning and identifying distinctive patterns or factors emerging from these convergent or divergent thought processes or experiences during emergencies. The chapter summarises the findings of this study and hopes to throw light on how to stabilise, structure, and teach values, skills, tolerance, and disaster risk reduction during disrupting emergencies. This chapter delves into the realm of phenomenological research to explore the essence of human teaching amidst emergencies. By summarising the studys findings, the chapter aims to offer insights into how to effectively navigate and adapt teaching practices to stabilise, structure, and impart values, skills, tolerance, and disaster risk reduction during disruptive emergencies. It contributes to a deeper understanding of teaching in crisis situations, ultimately informing strategies for educational resilience and response. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Kennedy Andrew Thomas and Joseph Varghese Kureethara; individuals, the contributors. -
Education and Pedagogical Experiences: Coping with Human Emergencies and Exploring Resilience Strategies
This book analyses how the educational ecosystem undergoes a paradigm shift during human emergencies - be it natural, manmade, environmental, ethnic or a global pandemic like COVID-19. It discusses varied approaches, experiences, and the steadfast desire to share information, demonstrating the value of teaching and learning in difficult conditions. This volume aims to build resilience and inspire young minds to persevere through challenging times. It explores the continuity of education during emergencies, various teaching and learning approaches, and the importance of maintaining a resilient attitude. Each addresses the cultural and locational specifics of emergencies, illustrating how education and pedagogy have made a global impact. They also examine a specific aim, enriched by cultural, geographical, and human variables, and how education and pedagogy aim to resolve these concerns. This book would be useful to students, researchers and teachers working in Education, Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Political Science, Public Administration, International Relations, Peace Education, Psychology and Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, Sociology and Social work. It would also be an invaluable companion to practicing pre-service and in-service teachers and their trainers, policy makers, professionals from government and non-government organizations working in education and social development. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Kennedy Andrew Thomas and Joseph Varghese Kureethara; individuals, the contributors. -
Education as a Determinant of E - Governance Adoption: A Cse Study of Tele Centres of Karnataka
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 13, pp. 32-38.