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Investigations on thermo-mechanical properties of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites for packaging application
Eco-friendly packing polymer materials are in the spotlight but, lack of new biodegradable polymers either natural or synthetic is yet to establish the market more competitively. So, in the present work, clay as a nano-filler is embedded and organically modified in some synthetic and natural polymers which are well established commercially to enhance their biodegradability. The impact of clay on the properties of synthetic polymers namely, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and natural polymer cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was studied. Results from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites (PCC) than pure polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a uniform surface with small-sized crystallites distributed on the polymer surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed the formation of enhanced intercalated structures in PCC. Furthermore, FTIR studies showed that the interlayer bonding (SiO bands) of pure clay is deformed in PCCs. The tensile strength of PCC increased with an increase in organo-clay loading. This unique mechanical behavior is due to the agglomeration of organo-clay particles. Finally, the biodegradation studies revealed enhanced hydrolytic degradation in PCC than pure polymers. Hence, these PCCs are environmentally friendlier than their pure synthetic polymers without significant compromise in their properties, which makes it suitable for packaging industries. The Author(s) 2020. -
Investing in Indias electric revolution: A case study of OLA electric
Subject Area: Entrepreneurship, Strategy. Study Level/Applicability: The case is best suited for a course on Entrepreneurial Finance while introducing the sources of finance and a course on Private Equity and Venture capital, while discussing target screening. It exemplifies how new-age ventures can position themselves to attract investments and how venture capital firms use environmental scanning to identify potential investment opportunities. Designed for second-year MBA students, the case assumes familiarity with strategic management concepts like Porters Five Force and Resource-Based View. Case Overview: Amala Menon is a seasoned venture capitalist, strategist, sustainability enthusiast, and founder of Samrithi VentureCaptial and has been actively looking out for investment opportunities in the Electronic Vehicle (EV) space. Believing in the huge potential and the push received by supportive government policies in India, Amala is assessing Ola Electric Mobility Pvt. Ltd (Ola Electric) as an investable option among a list of growing players in the space. A wholly owned subsidiary of ANI Technologies Pvt. Ltd, the parent company of Ola Cabs, Ola Electric, valued at USD 5 billion as of 2022, was founded in 2017 to facilitate mass electric mobility and hence reduce emission and fuel dependency. Though crunching financial metrics and valuation numbers come in during assessing an investment option, she strongly emphasizes evaluating the organizations readiness to obtain further funding in terms of its management team, the potential of the business model and several other crucial parameters. Ultimately, valuation exercise, according to her, aids founders and investors in confirming the strategic positioning of the venture and the business models validity. Hence, at this point, Amala, considering qualitative and quantitative aspects, is focused on assessing whether Ola is a wise investable option compared to its peers. Expected Learning Outcomes: This case study enables participants to: (1) Critically appraise investment prospects in new-age EV startups like Ola Electric considering industry-specific and organization-specific factors. (2) Explore both financial and non-financial factors crucial for evaluating Ola Electrics potential as a promising investment. (3) Evaluate Ola Electric as a potential investment option by leveraging strategic frameworks such as Resource-Based View, Internal and External Factor Evaluation to formulate an investment recommendation. (4) Apply the insights gained from the environmental scan to guide Amalas investment decision regarding Ola Electric. Association for Information Technology Trust 2024. -
INVESTING IN WOMEN, INVESTING IN THE PLANET: QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY; [INVESTIR NAS MULHERES, INVESTIR NO PLANETA: QUANTIFICAR O IMPACTO DO EMPODERAMENTO DAS MULHERES NA SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL]; [INVERTIR EN LAS MUJERES, INVERTIR EN EL PLANETA: CUANTIFICAR EL IMPACTO DEL EMPODERAMIENTO DE LAS MUJERES EN LA SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL]
Objective: This study finds out the correlation between the indicators of womens empowerment, including variables like gender parity index in tertiary education, female labour force participation and seats held by women in national parliament, and a variable of environmental sustainability such as CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita). The aim is to analyse existing datasets to know the impact of independent variables on dependent variable. Method: The study uses multiple linear regression to evaluate the effects of independent variables indicators of women's empowerment on the dependent variable, CO2 emissions, using secondary data from the World Bank covering the years 1990 to 2022. The Breusch-Pagan and Breusch-Godfrey LM tests are used to look at heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, respectively, and VIF is used to find multicollinearity. Results and Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a statistically significant relationship between lower CO2 emissions and increases in the percentage of female seats in the national parliament (-3.73) and higher female labour force participation (-6.04). The gender parity index (GPI) in tertiary education, which is -0.2997, does not, however, appear to have a statistically significant impact on CO2 emissions. Implications: This research can serve as a cause for redesigning gender-responsive environmental initiatives and promoting a more sustainable and equitable future. Originality/Value: This study contributes empirical knowledge to the body of literature by showing the potential contribution of women's empowerment in addressing environmental issues and emphasising the significance of taking gender into account in environmental policy and decision-making processes. 2024 ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao. All rights reserved. -
Investor behaviour, market efficiency, and regulatory challenges in digital currency investments: A comprehensive literature review
The rapid proliferation of digital currencies has ignited significant interest in understanding investor behaviour and the regulatory challenges within this evolving financial landscape. The study seeks to elucidate the factors that influence investor behaviour in the cryptocurrency/digital currency market and explore the regulatory implications associated with digital currency investments. A systematic approach was adopted to identify, review, and analyze relevant scholarly articles from reputable databases. The selected articles span various dimensions of the cryptocurrency/digital currency ecosystem, including investor behaviour, market efficiency, technological innovation, and regulatory measures. It reveals that investor behaviour in the digital currency market is influenced by a complex interplay of emotions, market sentiment, and information asymmetry. Additionally, market efficiency theories are being reconsidered in light of the highly volatile nature of cryptocurrencies. Regulatory challenges encompass issues related to fraud, pump-and-dump schemes, and legal ambiguity. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Investor Perspectives: Evaluating the Impact of CSR on Excess Returns in Financial Companies
This research aims to provide insights into Corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and its impact on portfolio performance. The research would contribute to the broader understanding of how investors can achieve financial success and positive societal impact through the CSR performance of financial companies. This study uses 56 financial companies data from 20132014 to 20212022. Seemingly unrelated regression has been used to examine the impact of FAMA and French factors on the return of different portfolios. The findings of this research are significant for Banks and NBFCs, which shows that all the factors of the FAMA and French model are significant in showing the portfolios results. This study demonstrates that banks with better CSR performance yield higher expected returns than NBFC portfolios. This finding confirms that increased socially responsible activities yield better returns for banks. It showed that more socially responsible companies provide better financial returns than those not focusing on these issues. This suggests that when companies invest in being responsible and doing good for society, it can lead to better financial results for them and the investors. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Investor's behaviour to COVID-19 vaccination campaign; An event study and panel data analysis in the southeast asian region
This study examines how the COVID-19 immunization campaign has influenced the stock market responses in the WHO Southeast Asian Region. The effects of the immunization campaign on the WHO Southeast Asian countries were different, and the study used event study techniques and panel-data regression models to investigate the impact of the WHO South-East Asian capital market. Some countries like India, Sri Lanka, and South Korea had positive markets that responded to the news, while others did not. The findings of this study suggest that investors make fair assessments and respond to events and announcements, but they tend to have a more visible reaction to negative incidents than to positive news/events. However, after 51 days, the WHO South East region as a whole had internalized the encouraging news. The study has a few limitations, such as a small dataset and period, only a few variables and models, and so on. Future studies could include a few additional countries and periods to produce more significant results. Originality/value- This study contributes to the existing knowledge about the impact of drugs and vaccinations on stock markets. It is the first study to investigate how the WHO Southeast Asian Region's COVID-19 immunization program affects the stock market reaction. The study used keywords such as Immunization campaign, abnormal returns, Cumulative average abnormal returns, Event Study, and WHO Southeast Asian Region. 2025 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved. -
Involvement and implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR): A case of COVID-19 evidence from various countries
Industry performance is a pivotal indicator for assessing the robustness of economic growth of a country. Any fluctuations in this indicator wield considerable influence over economic growth. Previous research has established that the industry performance is not a static phenomenon but rather exhibits variations across different time periods. Amongst the multitude of crises, the COVID-19 pandemic reverberated across every nation, spreading to all strata of society. It had an adverse impact on both public and private sector impacting the lives of millions. Industries were struggling with dwindling profits, thus trying vehemently to cut costs in diverse realms. This challenging financial predicament made it difficult for companies to uphold their corporate social responsibilities. Hence, only a few companies initiated CSR activities due to the paucity of funds. Having this in the backdrop, this case study analysis aims to examine corporate involvement and implementation of CSR activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and assesses the extent to which these activities have helped improve people's lives. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Involvement of chalcones and coumarins in environmental stress tolerance
Plants are invariably subjected to various environmental stresses that hinder their normal growth and development, which leads to decreased plant productivity and yield. To combat the detrimental effects of such abiotic and biotic stresses, plants have developed diverse mechanisms and one of the prominent ones includes the production of secondary metabolites like phenolic, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Secondary metabolites serve as major components of the plant stress responses. Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one) and coumarins (1,2-benzopyrone) are precursors of flavonoids, a common secondary metabolite of plants that provide a beneficial role during oxidative and biotic stress. Apart from protection, coumarins have certain roles in promoting or inhibiting plant growth, affecting cell division and differentiation and auxin metabolism. These compounds are also known to possess therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and cytotoxic effects when isolated from plants. Besides, chalcones and coumarins have allelopathic effects and protect plants against herbivory. Owing to excellent ROS scavenging properties, chalcones, coumarins, and their derivatives are extensively employed as agents to alleviate adversities associated with abiotic stresses like osmotic, heat, and cold stress, and in defense against pathogen invasion. The application of these secondary metabolites to mitigate atrocities of environmental stress in plants is an interesting and concurrent area of investigation. This chapter highlights the structural and functional details of chalcones and coumarins and their implications in ameliorating environmental stress in plants. 2024 Apple Academic Press, Inc. All rights reserved. -
Involvement of Social Enterprises in Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Practices: The Case of Uravu and Buffalo Back
Social enterprises are not-for-profit or for-profit organizations that work for the development of the community in different ways and are sustainable through their products or services. One such initiative of social enterprises is supporting and promoting agriculture and agricultural products. This chapter focuses on two social enterprises, Uravu and Buffalo Back, which work with farm products and their role in promoting sustainable agriculture practices. The primary data are collected through personal interviews with top-level managers, and secondary data are collected from websites and other published documents. This study looks at the concept of sustainability in terms of finitude, fragility and fairness. These two case studies explain how social enterprises promote the development of agriculture. The former organization ensures the communitys livelihood through farming support, upgrading local knowledge, technologies, skill development and marketing their commodities. The latter focuses on promoting farmers to focus on sustainable organic farming techniques and selling their products to customers. This study can help future entrepreneurs understand different models they can use to develop the agricultural sector through their social actions. 2024 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. -
Iodine Mediated Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Benzo[d]Imidazo[2,1-b]Thiazoles with Ethylbenzene: An Unprecedented Approach of C3-Dicarbonylation
A versatile approach of iodine mediated C3-dicarbonylation of benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles (IBTs) with ethylbenzene has been reported. The reaction conditions were optimized by screening in various solvents, catalysts, and oxidants. The reaction is compatible with various substrates and was successfully demonstrated to offer moderate to good yields. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Iodine promoted synthesis of pyrido[2?,1?:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline derivatives via oxidative decarboxylation of phenylacetic acid
An unprecedented and efficient molecular iodine promoted domino protocol for the synthesis of N polycyclic pyrido[2?,1?:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines were reported from phenylacetic acid and 2-(imidazoheteroaryl)anilines. This methodology was also extended for the preparation of benzo[4?,5?]thiazolo [2?,3?:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolines in good yields. However, this protocol proceeds via a sequential decarboxylation of phenylacetic acid with I2/DMSO system followed by Pictet-Spengler cyclization in good yields. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Ion-imprinted chitosan-stabilized biogenic silver nanoparticles for the electrochemical detection of arsenic (iii) in water samples
Arsenic is one of the most harmful heavy metals, and needs constant monitoring and control. A susceptible and selective sensor for arsenic (iii) detection in polluted water samples has been developed by using chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is modified with chitosan-stabilized silver nanoparticles, which provides sufficient sites for interaction with the analyte. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are characterized using different characterization techniques, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and particle size distribution. The particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) value of the chitosan stabilized silver nanoparticles are found to be 6 nm and 0.3, respectively, which enhances the electroactive surface area and hence the sensor sensitivity. The ion imprinting technique is used to improve the selectivity of the sensor. The arsenic sensor is found to be very selective in the presence of other possible interferents like Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+ and Fe2+. The detection of As(iii) was performed using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and the detection limit was found to be 11.39 pM. The developed sensor is successfully tested for the picomolar level detection of arsenic (iii) in different water samples. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Ionic strength and phase systems influence nanotubular material functionality
We synthesized novel thiacyanine chromonic liquid crystals (CLCs) and structurally characterized using NMR and mass spectrometry. The impact of distinct substitution at the para position of aromatic counter anions, aliphatic counter ion chain length, and varied spacer parity of thiacyanine dyes on CLC formation is investigated. Liquid crystal properties of the synthesized dyes are characterized by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Dyes exhibit nematic (N), lamellar (L?), columnar rectangular (Colr), and columnar oblique (Colob) CLCs at different concentrations in the water. Electronic absorption spectra reveal Scheibe aggregation in all the dyes. Cylicvoltametry studies confirm redox behaviour in TC-1a and TC-5e dyes. Chromonic LCs hybrid nano-materials are synthesized using solgel method. Scanning electron microscopy employed to confirm nano tubular fiber structure of the hybrid nanomaterilals. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
IoT and AI for Real-Time Customer Behavior Analysis in Digital Banking
Digital transformation has revolutionized the banking industry, ushering in an era of enhanced customer experiences and operational efficiency. The convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has further propelled this evolution by providing real-time insights into customer behavior. This research explores the integration of IoT and AI for real-time customer behavior analysis in the context of digital banking. The proliferation of connected devices, ranging from smart phones to wearables, has generated an unprecedented volume of data. IoT facilitates the collection of diverse data points, such as transaction history, location information, and device interactions, creating a comprehensive digital footprint for each customer. Simultaneously, AI algorithms leverage this wealth of data to analyze, predict, and respond to customer behavior dynamically. In the realm of digital banking, understanding and adapting to customer behavior in real-time is crucial for providing personalized services, preventing fraud, and optimizing operational processes. This research delves into the mechanisms by which IoT sensors and devices, coupled with AI algorithms, enable banks to gain deeper insights into customer behavior patterns. Key components of the proposed system include data acquisition through IoT devices, secure data transmission protocols, and AI-driven analytics engines. In conclusion, this research advocates for the symbiotic relationship between IoT and AI in digital banking to enable real-time customer behavior analysis. 2024 IEEE. -
IoT and Sustainability Energy Systems: Risk and Opportunity
As IoT (Internet of Things) and smart technologies have developed rapidly, many technological advancements have been made possible. The IoTs main objective is to assist in simplifying processes in a number of different felds, to improve the effciency of technologies and protocols, and ultimately to improve quality of life. Although IoT technologies can beneft the population in numerous ways, their development must be evaluated from an environmental viewpoint to ensure that global resources are used effciently and to prevent negative effects. As previously described, considerable research effort is needed to explore the advantages and disadvantages of IoT technologies. Engineering professionals, industrial experts, and academic researchers successfully interacted at the conference. Several key tracks made up the conference, including smart city, energy and environment, e-health, and engineering modeling. Specifcally, the editorial covered a number of topics including (i) IoT in sustainable energy and environmental management, (ii) smart cities enabled by IoT, (iii) ambient assisted living, and (iv) IoT technologies for transportation and low-carbon products. An important outcome of our introductory analysis has been a greater understanding of both the scientifc developments in IoT applications and the potential ecological consequences associated with increasing IoT applications. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. -
IoT and wearables for detection of COVID-19 diagnosis using fusion-based feature extraction with multikernel extreme learning machine
Presently, wearables act as a vital part of healthcare sector and they are able to offer exclusive perceptions about the person's health conditions. In contrast to traditional diagnosis in a hospital environment, wearables can give unrestricted access to real-time physiological data. COVID-19 epidemic is increasing at a faster rate with limited test kits. Hence, it becomes essential to develop a novel COVID-19 diagnostic model. Numerous studies were based on the utilization of artificial intelligence techniques on radiological images to precisely identify the disease. This chapter presents an efficient fusion-based feature extraction with multikernel extreme learning machine (FFE-MKELM) for COVID-19 diagnosis using internet of things (IoT) and wearables. Primarily, the wearables and IoT are used to capture the radiological images of the patient. The presented FFE-MKELM model incorporates Gaussian filtering based preprocessing for removing the noise that exists in the radiological image. Besides, directional local extreme patterns with deep features based on Inception v4 model are applied for the FFE process. In addition, MKELM model is utilized as a classification model to determine the appropriate class label of the input radiological images. Moreover, monarch butterfly optimization algorithm is applied to fine tune the parameters involved in the MKELM model. Experimental validation of the FFE-MKELM model is performed against benchmark dataset and the outcomes are inspected under different measures. The resultant simulation outcome ensured the betterment of the FFE-MKELM method by demonstrating an increased sensitivity of 97.34%, specificity of 97.26%, accuracy of 97.14%, and F-measure of 97.01%. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
IOT based application for monitoring electricity power consumption in home appliances
Internet of Things is one of the emerging techniques that help in bridging the gap between the physical and cyber world. In the Internet of Things, the different smart objects connected, communicate with each other, data is gathered from the smart objects and based on the need of the users, and the data gathered are queried and sent back to the user. IoT helps in monitoring electrical and physical parameters. Electricity consumption from electronic devices is one among such parameters that need to be monitored. The development of energy efficient schemes for the IoT is a challenging issue as the IoT becomes more complex due to its large scale the current techniques of wireless sensor networks cannot be applied directly to the IoT. To achieve the green networked IoT, this paper proposes a Wi-Fi enabled simple low cost electricity monitoring device that can monitor the electricity consumption on home appliances which helps to analyses the consumption of electricity on a daily and weekly basis. Copyright 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
IOT based application to detect fall with a measured force
Fall of patients and aged individuals may end up deadly if unnoticed in time. A fall detection framework has been developed which sends caution notification to the concerned individuals or to the specialist, at the time of occurrence. To limit the consequences of associated wounds/damage caused by the fall, such a device has been developed. The model in this study, detects the fall and measures the force of the fall without using the force sensor and the direction of the fall. In this study, the body posture is obtained from change of increasing speed in three axes, which is measured with a triaxial accelerometer (ADXL335). The sensor is set on the lumbar area to interpret the tilt point. The value obtained from the sensor is compared with the threshold given to diminish the false cautions and furthermore provides the force by which the individual has fallen and the direction in which the person has fallen. The threshold value is computed by the execution of various trials on subjects in different directions of fall. The sensor data is collected on the fall is computed and analyzed in the Audrino microcontroller. The location of fall is detected by GPS beneficiary, which is customized to trace the subject persistently. On detecting the fall, the gadget sends an instant message through GSM module to the emergency contact. The developed model is tested on 7 volunteers who replicated falls in different direction with varying forces. Out of 28 trials, 80% of exactness is accomplished with zero false cautions for dayto-day activities like sitting, lying down on bed and grabbing objects. IAEME Publication. -
IoT based car accident detection and notification algorithm for general road accidents
With an increase in population, there is an increase in the number of accidents that happen every minute. These road accidents are unpredictable. There are situations where most of the accidents could not be reported properly to nearby ambulances on time. In most of the cases, there is the unavailability of emergency services which lack in providing the first aid and timely service which can lead to loss of life by some minutes. Hence, there is a need to develop a system that caters to all these problems and can effectively function to overcome the delay time caused by the medical vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework using IoT, which helps in detecting car accidents and notifying them immediately. This can be achieved by integrating smart sensors with a microcontroller within the car that can trigger at the time of an accident. The other modules like GPS and GSM are integrated with the system to obtain the location coordinates of the accidents and sending it to registered numbers and nearby ambulance to notify them about the accident to obtain immediate help at the location. 2019 Insitute of Advanced Engineeering and Science. All rights reserved. -
IoT based continuous monitoring of cardiac patients using Raspberry Pi
In the recent development the Internet of Things (IoT) brings all electronics objects in to a single domain and it is easy to access everything through internet. The applications of IoT are Smart agriculture, Smart Home, Smart City, Smart health monitoring system etc. The automation of health care is one of the application which monitors the patient health status using IoT to make medical equipments more efficient by monitoring the patient's health, in which identifies the body conditions and reduces the human error. A health care monitoring system is used to monitor patient's body parameters for the particular disese and obtain the various values about it. The heart rate monitor is one of the in system using IoT to recognize the cardic patients condition and monitor the status in emergency situations. It monitors the heart rate of the patient with long term cardiovascular disease. Here the Arduino based microcontroller is used to communicate to the sensors such as pulse sensor and ECG Sensor. The system can analyze the signal, extract features from it, detect the normal or abnormal conditions with the help of Raspberry Pi and the results of the ECG signals is sent to the web server. It ensures the signal transmission of heart rate signal to the database through IoT. This also suggests doctors to care the patient follow-up their patient using the patient's data stored in the database. Thus IoT brings one of the solution for cardiac patient monitoring and also reduces the complexity between patient outcome and technology. 2018 Author(s).