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Evolution of sustainable business models: A study of past, present, and future
This chapter explores the transformative impact of sustainable business models, tracing their evolution across past, present, and future. It highlights early efforts to balance profitability with environmental and social responsibility and examines how digital technologies-such as AI, blockchain, and IoT-have accelerated this shift. These technologies enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste, and improve supply chain transparency, demonstrated through case studies of leading firms. Emerging trends like circular economies, stakeholder capitalism, and regulatory innovation are discussed alongside challenges like digital equity, data privacy, and infrastructure impacts. The chapter emphasizes collaboration among stakeholders to align digitalization with sustainability, fostering resilient, equitable, and environmentally responsible practices. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Evolution, Trends, and Future Developments of Business Intelligence
A decision-making process backed by the integration and evaluation of an organization's data resources is referred to as business intelligence. Since information has been recognized as a business's most valuable asset, it is a crucial resource for its growth and plays an increasingly important role in a variety of organization kinds. This research article examines the history of business intelligence technologies, their relevance in current times, and all the future developments that seem possible. Organizations are transforming into various approaches based on the information and networking in the twenty-first century in response to a chaotic and ambiguous environment marked by hazy organizational boundaries and rapid change. Knowledge-based assets become apparent to be the core of long-term strategic edge and the cornerstone of success in the twenty-first century in such situations. The primary characteristics of business intelligence are determined by data analysis, processing, and visualization. Relational tables are used by business intelligence technologies to store and display a lot of organized and unstructured data. They utilize specialized tools and mathematics to produce intricate visual reports. This research has been aggravated to focus on the upcoming strategic revolution in the market with numerous cutting-edge business intelligence technologies. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Evolutionary algorithm based feature extraction for enhanced recommendations
A major challenge to Collaborative Filtering systems is high dimensional and sparse data which they have to deal with. Feature selection techniques partly address this problem by reducing the feature space and retaining only a representative subset of features. However these techniques do not address the sparsity problem which affects both quality and quantity of recommendations. A more promising direction would be to construct/extract new features which are low dimensional, dense and have more discriminative power. Content based construction of features has been explored in the past. This work proposes a evolutionary algorithm based feature extraction techniques which discover hidden features with high discriminative capacity. Such an approach offers the advantage of discovering features even in the absence of additional information such as item contents etc. The proposed approach is contrasted with content based feature extraction techniques through experiments and the ability of the new approach in discovering interesting and useful features is established. -
Evolutionary multiple instance boosting framework for weakly supervised learning
Multiple instance boosting (MILBoost) is a framework which uses multiple instance learning (MIL) with boosting technique to solve the problems regarding weakly labeled inexact data. This paper proposes an enhanced multiple boosting frameworkevolutionary MILBoost (EMILBoost) which utilizes differential evolution (DE) to optimize the combination of weak classifier or weak estimator weights in the framework. A standard MIL dataset MUSK and a binary classification dataset Hastie_10_2 are used to evaluate the results. Results are presented in terms of bag and instance classification error and also confusion matrix of test data. 2021, The Author(s). -
Evolutionized industry with the Internet of Things
Technological development has led us to various paths. Though each technological change has evolved in its own space and time, it resulted in amenities and a pragmatic approach to problem-solving. One such technology is the "Internet of Things" - IoT which was coined in the year 1999 by a computer scientist called Kevin Ashton. Despite its start in the late 90s, it has come a long way to achieve the status of 10 Billion active IoT devices by the end of 2021, with the IoT solutions costing an estimated economic value of 4-11 trillion by 2025. 2023, IGI Global. -
Evolving corporate sustainable development: a case study of Mysore Paper Mills Limited
In 1987, the World Commission on Economic Development (WCED) popularized the term sustainable development in its well-cited report, Our Common Future. According to this report, sustainable development is defined as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The WCED asserted that sustainable development required simultaneous adoption of environmental, economical, and equity principles. Bansal (Strategic Management Journal, 26(3), 197218, 2005) has conducted a study of Canadian firms in the oil and gas, mining, and forestry industries from 1986 to 1995. The study found that both resources based and institutional factors influence corporate sustainable development. This paper studied the corporate sustainable development of Mysore Paper Mills Ltd. from 1995 to 2011 using the same model. The study found that independent variables with significant impact on environmental integrity and overall sustainability were fines, penalties, court cases (total) involved by the company, and log of total assets. On economic prosperity, the independent variable with significant impact is log of total assets. For social equity, the independent variable with significant impact is foreign sales as percentage of total sales, number of fines/penalties/court cases (total), number of fines/penalties/court cases (environmental), log(total assets), and return on equity. 2013, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. -
Evolving CSR: Ethical Leadership in Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Consumption
This chapter explores the evolution of CSR from simple philanthropy to strategic core in modern business. The best way to incorporate them is within the strategies of a corporation so that their effects are both effective and sustainable. This Chapter give more inputs on Ethical leadership in context of modern CSR; otherwise, firms are drawn toward a superficial greenwashing rather than an authentic stewardship for society and the environment. There are two basic CSR models discussed in this chapter. One, Carroll's CSR Pyramid, and the second one is the Triple Bottom Line model, where the organization frames CSR as three- dimensional responsibility toward people, profit, and planet. Chapter also include CSR Supporting Governance and responsibility. The Chapter also include example by Patagonia, for instance, tangible benefits through CSR would be the building up of brand reputation. Further, the chapter extends environmental impacts of CSR on Consumer Consumption regarding carbon reduction, renewable energy & Others. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Evolving Dynamics of Contactless Technology in Hospitality: Insights From Recent Research and Future Implications
The hospitality sector has been forced by the COVID-19 pandemic to go contactless to protect safety, efficiency, and customer satisfaction. Innovations like mobile check-ins, smart room controls, and touchless payments have brought new services to the market that are customer-friendly and still safe to use. These technologies provide a double advantage by either enhancing guests experience or efficiency for the staff. On the other hand, such factors as the high costs, problems of system integration, and fears of depersonalization are still raising the worries of the hoteliers. It is therefore very important to balance the degree of technology} The concept of Hospitality 5.0 aims at the fusion of both the traditional and the modern elements to create secure yet personalized experiences. The main strategies for achieving the requirement include trust-building, technology simplification, and gamification to promote guest engagement. By taking such approaches, the hospitality industry will be able to redefine and be still competitive and client-oriented. Copyright 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global Scientific Publishing is prohibited. Use of this chapter to train generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is expressly prohibited. The publisher reserves all rights to license its use for generative AI training and machine learning model development. -
Evolving Financial Services: Metaverse Banking as Catalysts for Financial Inclusion in the Virtual Business World
The Metaverse is an expansive digital universe that can redefine traditional businesses and financial services. It represents a transformative space where virtual worlds intersect with digital assets, offering novel opportunities for businesses to redefine financial services. Despite the rapid growth of digital financial services, financial exclusion remains a major challenge, with approximately 1.4 billion adults globally still unbanked. This study explores the role of Metaverse banking (MB) in financial inclusion, highlighting its opportunities and challenges. This study explores the emergence of MB as a catalyst for financial inclusion within the virtual business world. By integrating MB with financial inclusion theories, the paper presents a conceptual framework to analyze opportunities and risks in this domain. The findings provide practical insights for banks, policymakers, and fintech companies on leveraging MB for inclusive economic development. 2026 Vikas Tripathi and Durgesh Agnihotri. -
Evolving Practices of Social-Emotional Learning in India: A Qualitative Synthesis
Social-emotional learning (SEL) is gaining increased significance in India as a critical domain for ensuring the holistic development of children. This qualitative literature synthesis explores how SEL programs/workshops/sessions are being contextualized, implemented, and assessed by eight organizations in India working in the domain of SEL. Miles and Hubermans qualitative data analysis technique was adopted to organize and derive insights. Findings reveal that SEL models in India are growing to be more contextualized and culturally responsive. Programs emphasize systemic, whole-school approaches with multi-modal pedagogies. Assessment practices are gradually evolving while focusing on being localized and stakeholder-informed. This study highlights the need to align national policy with on-ground SEL innovations, institutionalize SEL, and strengthen SEL assessment systems to support long-term, sustainable, and inclusive SEL practices. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Exact and statistical computations of radiated flow of nano and Casson fluids under heat and mass flux conditions
The statistical and exact analysis of the unsteady radiative flow of Nano and Casson fluids past a vertical plate with Dufour effect is carried out. The heat transport phenomenon is studied under uniform heat flux (UHF) and uniform wall temperature (UWT) conditions. The exact solution to the problem is found using the Laplace transform method (LTM). The effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are examined via graphs. The heat transfer rate and skin friction are analyzed through statistical tools like probable error and regression. The Dufour effect enhances the velocity and temperature profiles. It is also observed that the velocity profile is slightly greater in the case of UWT than the UHF case for both nanofluid and Casson fluid. From the regression analysis, it is established that the Dufour number and nanoparticle volume fraction have a negative impact whereas the radiative heat parameter has a positive impact on the rate of heat transfer. 2019 Society for Computational Design and Engineering -
Exact solution of non-coaxial rotating and non-linear convective flow of cual2 o3 h2 o hybrid nanofluids over an infinite vertical plate subjected to heat source and radiative heat
This paper investigates the non-linear convective flow due to non-coaxial rotation of vertical planar plate by utilizing three different liquids namely H2 O (water), Al2 O3 H2 O (nanofluid) and CuAl2 O3 H2 O (hybrid nanofluid). The impacts of Rosselands radiative heat and internal heat generation are also included in this study. The non-coaxial rotation of the plate crafts sine or cosine oscillations in its plane and the liquid at infinity. The density-temperature relation is studied which is nonlinear and causes a nonlinear convective heat transfer. The dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, density and specific heat of hybrid-nanofluids are assumed to vary with the volume fraction. These thermophysical properties of hybrid and nanofluids are determined by phenomenological laws and mixture theory. The simulation of the flow was carried out using the appropriate values of the empirical shape factor for five different particle shapes (i.e., sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, column and lamina). The LTM (Laplace Transform Technique) is employed to find the exact solutions. The flow, skin friction and thermal features are scrutinized with the discrepancy of governing parameters. The effective fluid properties and the Nusselt number are also calculated for sixteen different hybrid-nano-liquids. 2019 by American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
Exact solutions for unsteady mixed convection flow of nanoliquid with exponential heat source: Bruggeman and batchelor nanofluid model
The objective of this paper is to explore the influence of exponential heat source and radiative heat on the thermal and mass transport of nanofluid flow over a vertical sheet. Unlike traditional nanofluid models, the Bruggeman and Batchelor models are utilized to estimate the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluid. The water-based copper nanoliquid is considered. Mass flux boundary condition is employed. The governed differential problem is solved by Laplace Transform Method (LTM) for exact solutions. The impact of dimensionless sundry parameters on flow distributions is analyzed and bestowed graphically. The rate of heat transfer has been assessed. Also, the slope of the linear regression line through data points is determined in order to quantify increase/decrease in the Nusselt number. Results exhibited that all the flow fields (velocity and temperature) are increasing functions of thermal and solutal Grashof numbers. Also, the presence of exponential heat source highly affects the heat transfer performance. 2018 by American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. -
Examination of sustainability goals: A comparative study of U.S. and Indian firms
Considerable attention has focused on tactics firms use when building their sustainability platforms. Less is known, however, about how sustainability goal setting varies globally, especially in developing economies. Accordingly, we examined sustainability goals of 21 of the 50 largest Indian firms and compared them with similar data from a published study that examined 22 of the 50 largest U.S. firms. In total, 679 sustainability goals were analyzed using a triple bottom line framework. We found U.S. firms set more sustainability goals than Indian firms. Firms from both samples set similar numbers of people goals but U.S. firms set more diversity goals. Indian firms were more inclined to set economic and community development goals. We also detected differences across the samples in planet goals associated with emissions and water. Especially significant, Indian firms were much more likely than U.S. firms to specify profit goals. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 2019 Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management. -
Examination of thermal and velocity slip effects on the flow of blood suspended with aluminum alloys over a bi-directional stretching sheet: the ternary nanofluid model
The flow of a ternary nanofluid through a bi-directionally distending sheet has been analyzed by employing the Casson model. The ternary nanofluid is formed by suspending the aluminum alloys namely (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.) along with the oxide (Formula presented.) into blood. The nanoparticles that are suspended in the base fluid are assumed to be in the shape of a blade so that the maximum surface of the nanoparticle will be intact with the base fluid and thus will absorb more heat from the surface. Also, the shape of the nanoparticle helps in faster movement within the nanofluid. The flow is further subjected to velocity and thermal slips. With these assumptions, the mathematical model is framed with the help of partial differential equations considering thermal radiation and heat source/sink to achieve realistic results. These equations are further transformed into non-linear differential equations that are solved using the (Formula presented.) technique. The results of this study are interpreted graphically for various parameters concerning fluid flow. It is observed that the fluid flow velocity is ebbed considerably with the increase in Casson parameter and the slips at the boundary have enhanced the corresponding fluid profiles. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Examining growth inequality nexus in post-reform Odisha: A sectoral decomposition analysis /
Journal of Development Policy And Practice, Vol.4, Issue 1, pp.12-34 -
Examining how ERP-Enabled Supply Chain Integration Works within the Quadrants of the Four-Wheeler Industry
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have become indispensable tools for managing complex supply chains in the automotive industry. This paper provides an in-depth examination of ERP-based supply chain integration within the four-wheeler automobile sector, focusing on its impact, challenges, and best practices. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, we analyze the key components of ERP systems, their integration with supply chain processes, and the benefits they offer to automotive manufacturers. Additionally, we explore the role of ERP in enhancing operational efficiency, inventory management, demand forecasting, and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with ERP implementation and provide recommendations for successful integration and optimization of ERP systems in the four-wheeler automobile industry. 2024 IEEE. -
Examining humanized bot interaction for the retail revenue growth
The increasing popularity of conversational artificial intelligence (chatbot) in retail has fuelled consumer purchase decisions. The present study measures humanbot interaction through anthropomorphism, social presence, personalization, media richness, and its role in customer engagement and continuous purchase intention for retail revenue growth. Data were collected from 366 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM-ANN integrated approach. To overcome the limitation of establishing only the linear relationship among variables for prediction, the study deploys nonlinear complex artificial neural network (ANN) models to determine the relative importance of the significant predictors identified through structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the study confirm the role of anthropomorphism, personalization, and media richness in customer engagement and customer engagement leading to continuous purchase intention. Furthermore, Chatbots in the electronic commerce space strengthen involvement, but trust and price fairness also play a positive moderating influence in shaping consumer purchase intentions. Study implications highlight the role of anthropomorphic design in the desired social presence for sustained engagement and its contribution to revenue. This study enriches the AI literature and guides organizations leveraging chatbots to create more natural and personalized interactions so retailers can better meet customer needs, foster loyalty, and stay competitive in an increasingly digital marketplace. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025. -
Examining Malabar through the Lens of a Geo-body
The textual traditions and Malabars geographical extent have been diversely perceived from one period to another. Despite the regions well-established maritime historiography, this evolution hardly captured historians interest. The paper examines the geo-body of Malabar and its evolution as a historiographical region from its earliest textual reference to contemporary ones, navigating its politico-economic networks and cultural and intellectual landscape vis-vis the regions strategic location as an Indian Ocean littoral. 2025, Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved.