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A Simple and Efficient [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolinones and Dihydroquinazolinones
A novel unprecedented approach for the synthesis of various quinazolinones and dihydroquinazolinones has been using [(n-Bu3Sn)2MO4]n as a catalyst. The reaction has been screened in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also been demonstrated under given conditions. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction and the recyclability of the catalyst have also been studied. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A Simple and Efficient Ligand-Free Copper-Catalyzed C-N Bond Formation of Aryl (Hetero) Halides and N-Heteroaryl Amines
In this protocol, we report a simple, inexpensive, and user-friendly conventional method for C-N cross coupling between aryl/heteroaryl halides and hetero aryl amines using copper iodide as a catalyst in DMSO as a solvent to prepare pyrimidines and pyrazines derivatives. The reaction conditions were optimized by screening in various copper catalysts and bases. The substrate scope of the reaction was also carried out to prepare novel functionalized N-arylated compounds in good yields. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A simple and efficient synthesis of imidazoquinoxalines and spiroquinoxalinones via pictect-spengler reaction using Wang resin
An efficient approach for the synthesis of various imidazoquinoxalines and spiroquinoxalinones has been reported from 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) aniline and different aldehydes using Wang-OSO3H as a reusable catalyst to get in good yields. The reaction condition has been optimized by screening in various solvents and a gram scale experiment has also demonstrated. Further, the substrate scope of the reaction has also been well demonstrated. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
A simple software for swift computation of photon and charged particle interaction parameters: PAGEX
PAGEX is a compact and user-friendly cross-platform software developed for swift computation of photon (X-ray and ?-ray) and charged particle interaction parameters for various applications. It is designed based on well-established theoretical formulations and computational techniques integrating various Python packages to effectively calculate parameters such as partial/total photon interaction cross-sections and mass attenuation coefficients, charged particle mass stopping powers and cross-sections, effective atomic number and electron density, mass-energy absorption coefficient, KERMA and build-up factors over a wide energy range. This tool is capable of generating both tabular and graphical outputs which can be saved in any user desired format. PAGEX has been verified against other widely employed software and databases, demonstrating good agreement. This software which facilitates robust computation is freely available from the authors. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
A simulation model to estimate the amount of waste collected in a common bin after compulsory segregation /
Mathematics Applied In Science And Technology, Vol.7, Issue 1, pp.314-318, ISSN No: 0973-6344. -
A Single Sign on based secure remote user authentication scheme for Multi-Server Environments
A Multi-Server Architecture comprises of a server environment having many different servers which provides the user the flexibility of accessing resources from multiple Service Providing Servers using the same credential. The primary objective of a Multi Server Environment (MSE) is to provide services of different Service Providers (SPs) without repeating registration at each SP server, and to get a unique single credential for all the servers in MSE. However, the conventional MSEs, proposed by various researchers, proposes the individual authentication service by each SP on their respective server using the credential issued by the Registration Authority of MSE. The mechanism requires the user to access each SP by keying the same credentials for every SP separately. Single Sign On (SSO) is an authentication mechanism that enables a user to sign-on once and access the services of various SPs in the same session. SAML is generally used as a Single Sign-On protocol. This work analyzes the smart card based authentication scheme for Multi-Server Environment proposed by Li et al.'s and discuss various security attacks on the said scheme. The paper also proposes a Secure Dynamic-ID based scheme using smart cards or crypto cards which do not require a verifier table and implements Single Sign On feature using SAML protocol, thus allowing the user to enjoy all the features of an MSE along with SSO. 2014 IEEE. -
A site-isolated Lewis acidic aluminium and Brsted basic amine sites in the dimeric silsesquioxane cage as a reusable homogeneous bifunctional catalyst for one-pot tandem deacetalization/deketalization-Knoevenagel condensation reactions
The development of multifunctional catalysts for one-pot tandem reactions is significantly required to attain multiple sequential transformations in a single reactor, which would considerably decrease the number of manipulations demanded for chemical manufacturing in industries. Herein, dimeric silsesquioxane Al-POSS-NH2 (2), a homogenous bifunctional acid-base catalyst containing environmentally friendly robust silica and high chemical and thermal stabilities, permanent catalytic activity, and reusability, was synthesized by the reaction of trisilanol aminopropyl hexaisobutyl-POSS (1) with trimethylaluminium. Al-POSS-NH2 was successfully used as a bifunctional catalyst for one-pot tandem reactions because of the synergism and effective compartmentalization between Lewis acidic aluminium and Brsted basic amine sites (>10.0 in the dimeric silsesquioxane cage, which was confirmed by DFT and QTAIM studies. Subsequently, different acetals were tested to obtain their corresponding benzylidene malononitrile derivatives using Al-POSS-NH2 for the one-pot tandem deacetalization-Knoevenagel condensation reactions and showed high efficiency (>90%) under optimized conditions (DMF, 0.3 mol% catalyst loading and 80 C) with different reaction times. Furthermore, the bifunctional Al-POSS-NH2 catalyst was separated from the reaction mixture via the precipitation method by adding acetonitrile into the reaction mixture and reusing it for five consecutive cycles without losing activity considerably, thus providing the inherent advantage over traditional homogeneous catalysts. In a one-pot tandem deketalization-Knoevenagel condensation reaction for various ketals, the reaction condition was slightly modified by increasing the catalyst loading (0.6 mol%) and reaction time (16 to 24 hours) to acquire better conversion and yield of their desired products. Finally, the present study suggests that the bifunctional POSS might facilitate the rapid development of environmentally friendly and economically feasible catalysts for multistep reactions. 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
A Slotted Circular Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for Sub 6 GHz 5G Communications
In this paper, a slotted circular patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is presented. The slots created on radiating element and the defect introduced on the ground plane shifted the resonance frequency from 2.49 GHz to 1.17 GHz. This corresponds to 53% reduction in size at 1.17 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate (r=4.4) with thickness of 1.6 mm. Simulations are carried out using HFSS Ver. 18.2. The simulated reflection coefficient of Circular Patch Antenna (CPA) at 2.49 GHz, Slotted Circular Patch antenna (SCPA) at 2.34 GHz and Slotted Circular Patch antenna with Defected Ground Structure (SCPA-DGS) at 1.17 GHz are - 28.7 dB, -31.33 dB and -11.03 dB respectively. For validating the simulated design, SCPA-DGS is fabricated and measured its reflection coefficient and VSWR using Vector Network Analyzer (Anritrsu S820E). The measured and simulated values are very well matched with each other. Therefore the proposed antennas may be used in sub 6 GHz 5G communication applications. 2022 IEEE. -
A Smart Internet of Things (IoT) Enabled Agricultural Farming System
Industry 4.0 has brought about a profound revolution in recent times. This advancement profoundly impacted technology usage in every aspect and has significantly improved businesses. Agriculture is one of the evergreen economic contributors to Indias GDP. With improvements in adaptability in this sector, the time is ripe for instituting IoT (Internet of Things)-based smart agriculture. Water scarcity and drastic climate change are real issues affecting crop yields, leading to the failure in the timely fulfillment of market demand (Nawandar 2019). The authors have collaborated to address these concerns by creating a system comprising a functional hardware prototype and an android application for regulating irrigation and temperature. The introduction of IoT (Internet of Things) automates crop monitoring and reduces labor costs. By using IoT, (Internet of Things) an earmarked agricultural field is covered with sensors. The sensors are concealed so as not to be affected by the bleakness of the external environment. These sensors work in tandem with drip irrigation following the sensed climatic conditions. The water is pumped directly to the root zone in an optimally sensed manner. The authors developed and tested the system successfully in a greenhouse system. The process initially aims to extract the values of soil parameters by using IoT (Internet of Things) sensors and appropriately control the watering of crops, thus enabling the cultivation of crops even in a hot and dry climate. Crops can be irrigated from a remote location and their temperature can be meticulously regulated to ensure they remain within an optimal range. Water utilization for agricultural crops is optimized with the use of automated irrigation systems that use W.S.N (Wireless - Sensor-Networks) and G.P.R.S (General-Packet-Radio-Service) modules. The algorithm employed in the system to control water usage is based on the needs of the crop and the terrain. The entire system is powered by photovoltaic panels, which are useful in rural and isolated areas without electricity (Raut and Shere 2014). A cellular network is used for duplex communication. Continuous monitoring and irrigation schedule programming are used by web apps to manage irrigation. This is also possible using a browser and web pages. A system with three identical automatic irrigation systems can save water use by up to 90%. 2024 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. -
A Smartphone Coupled Freshness Indicator Prepared by Rub-coating of Hibiscus Flowers on Paper substrates for Visual Monitoring of the Spoilage of Milk
This study developed an inexpensive and easy-to-use milk freshness indicator (H-Paper) by rub-coating hibiscus flowers onto paper. As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a food quality indicator prepared by direct hand-rubbing of a natural halochromic material onto paper substrates. Unlike the previously reported colorimetric indicators from natural sources, our indicator does not require the extraction of anthocyanins from the natural product. The H-Paper undergoes a quantifiable color change from green to purple to pink corresponding to fresh, spoiling, and spoiled milk samples. Digital photographs of H-Paper treated with milk samples were acquired using a smartphone, and RGB indices were analyzed using a free application. The red chromatic shift was used as a parameter to quantify color change of H-Paper to follow the spoilage of milk. Anthocyanins present in the hibiscus flowers are responsible for this colorimetric response. This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept for directly rub-coating halochromic materials onto a substrate to fabricate food freshness indicators. The H-Paper indicator has advantages of naked-eye analysis, consumer-friendliness, and instrument-free operation. This requires neither any laboratory accessories nor the expertise of a trained analyst for its preparation and operation, which is appropriate for use in resource-limited settings. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
A social psychological investigation of Anti-nationalism in contemporary India A media analysis
The paper aims to explore the consensual and dissident social representations of anti-national that has re-entered the media lexicon in India post an alleged anti-national student protest in Jawaharlal Nehru University in the capital city of Delhi, India on February 9, 2016. The Social Representation Theory (SRT) is used to analyze the selected media reports of six daily newspapers, three each in English and Hindi language for a period of one year subsequent to the event. Results of thematic anchoring and anchoring by antinomy, a methodology used by Birgitta Hjer, are reported. The results reveal how the intergroup tensions and ideological differences in the polity constitute the conflicting social thinking on the referent. The paper has global implication for opening the possibilities of negotiation and transformation of social meanings related to nationalism and anti-nationalism. The Author(s) 2025. -
A space for the space theorist remembering henri lefebvre
Despite being somewhat ignored in Indian academia, Henri Lefebvre comes to our rescue every time, helping us understand and respond to spacetime challenges. 2020 Economic and Political Weekly. All rights reserved. -
A Space Vector Modulated Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor with Improved Transient Performance and Reduced Parameters Dependency
Direct torque control (DTC) of induction motors is hampered by high torque and current ripple. Integrating DTC with space vector pulse width modulation (DTC-SVPWM) is one of the frequently used approaches to solve this problem. However, it adds to the computational complexity, increases the number of necessary motor parameters needed for control scheme implementation, and also affects the transient performance of the induction motor; this approach compromises the robustness and simplicity of DTC scheme. To get around these restrictions, a novel control strategy is put forth in this paper. The suggested scheme enhances the steady-state performance and transient response of the motor while preserving the simplicity and robustness of the DTC scheme. To accomplish this, the proposed control scheme operates at varying switching frequencies during transient conditions and constant switching frequencies during steady-state. The suggested speed control method does not employ any rotating reference frame transformations or usage of many rotor parameters for computation, nor does it call for sector identification and operates with a single PI controller. The suggested topology also uses a bus-clamped PWM modulation technique, which lowers the average switching frequency to 2/3 times the actual switching frequency. Thus, switching losses are also decreased. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed topology in enhancing the transient and steady-state performance of the induction motor. The results are compared with the traditional DTC and DTC-SVPWM scheme. 2023 IEEE. -
A Spatio-temporal Model for the Analysis and Classification of Soil Using the IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving trend in the field of computer applications where various hardware and software are connected together to address a specific problem. With the help of the IoT, the world has become smart and enabled itself to connect various objects (e.g., cars, computers, mobile phones, and smart appliances) with distinctive Internet protocol addresses, which allows them to interact with one another, thus accomplishing various procedures. Applications of the IoT include but are not restricted to smart cities, healthcare, industry, and robotics. Amongst a huge list of applications furnished by the IoT, agricultural IoT is the theme of this chapter. The IoT in agriculture transforms entities such as crops, soils, and livestock in a smart way by utilizing underlying technologies such as embedded systems, pervasive computing, sensor networks, ubiquitous computing, ad hoc networks, various wireless communication technologies, Internet protocols and other advanced technologies. The research here focuses on the most important agriculture entity soil. It is the soil that determines the yield of a crop. The more fertile the soil, more qualitative is the yield. The main idea behind the research is to identify the soil most suitable for agriculture. Using a spatio-temporal model, the soil samples collected from various parts of the country are classified into agricultural soil and non-agricultural soil. This classification is done by the aid of features such as the pH of the soil, and its humidity, moisture, and temperature collected from IoT sensors. The chapter begins with an introduction to the usage of IoT technology in different areas of agriculture followed by an account of the proposed state-of-the-art model, and its results, analysis, and a conclusion. 2022 selection and editorial matter, Vikram Bali, Vishal Bhatnagar, Deepti Aggarwal, Shivani Bali, and Mario JosDiv; individual chapters, the contributors. -
A Specular Reflection Removal Technique in Cervigrams
Cancer detection through medical image segmentation and classification is possible owing to the advancement in image processing techniques. Segmentation and classification tasks carried out to predict and classify diseases need to be dependable and precise. Specular reflections are the high-intensity and low-saturation areas that reflect the light from the probing devices that capture the picture of the organ surface. These areas sometimes mimic the features that are key identifying factors for cancers like acetowhite lesions. This review article examines the various methods proposed for removing specular reflections from medical images, especially those captured by colposcopes. The fundamentals of specular reflection removal and its associated challenges are discussed. The paper reviews several prominent approaches for removal of specular reflections proposes a novel method to remove the specular reflections. The comprehensive review can be a strong foundation for researchers looking to decide on appropriate techniques to employ in their respective research approaches. 2023 IEEE. -
A Stacked BiLSTM based Approach for Bus Passenger Demand Forecasting using Smart Card Data
Demand forecasting is crucial in the business sector. Despite the inherent uncertainty of the future, it is essential for any firm to be able to accurately predict the market for both short- and long-term planning in order to place itself in a profitable position. The proposed approach focus on the passenger transport sector because it is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in consumer demand for perishable commodities. At every stage of the planning process from initial network designs to final pricing of inventory for each vehicle in a route-an accurate prediction of demand is essential. Forecasting passenger demand is crucial since passenger transportation is responsible for a substantial chunk of global commerce. The suggested method relies on three distinct techniques: data preparation, feature selection, and model training. Data modification, cleansing, and reduction are the three sub-processes that make up preprocessing. When it comes to feature selection, partition-based clustering algorithms like k-means are the norm. Let's go on to training the models with stacked BiLSTM. The proposed method is demonstrably superior to both LSTM and BiLSTM, the two most common competing approaches. The proposed method had a success rate of 98.45 percent. 2023 IEEE. -
A stakeholder theory approach to analysing strategies for improving pandemic vaccine supply chain performance
This study aims to formulate strategies that impact the vaccine supply chain (VSC). This study measures the VSC performance using the proposed strategy concerning stakeholders theory. From the literature review and experts consent, the strategies are classified into six broad strategies as-VSC traceability, VSC visibility, VSC velocity, digitalising VSC, localising VSC, and vaccine inventory. A questionnaire is developed for surveying healthcare organisations and hospitals. All six proposed hypotheses got accepted. The developed model satisfies all the model fit parameters. Strategies like VSC traceability, VSC visibility, VSC velocity, digitalising VSC, localising VSC, and vaccine inventory have positively impacted vaccine supply chain performance. This research will be helpful for healthcare professionals and organisations for the faster delivery of the vaccine. This research will also help policymakers in improving the performance of VSC. This study is also the first to use the stakeholder theory approach for measuring VSC performance. Copyright 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
A Statistical Analysis and Comparison of the spread of Swine Flu and COVID-19 in India
Introduction: The world is currently experiencing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [COVID-19], however, this is not a new phenomenon; it occurred in 2009-2010 in the form of novel influenza A. (H1N1). The H1N1 virus primarily afflicted people between the ages of 26 and 50, but SARS-CoV-2 primarily afflicted those over the age of 60, increasing the number of deaths owing to their weakened immunity. The report provides a case study of the impact of H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 in India. Methods: Data is obtained from The Hindustan Times newspaper, GoI press releases and World Health Organization (WHO) reports. Results: The incidence rate was initially low and it was only by the 10-15th week that it started increasing. There is an initial upward trend before levelling out followed by a second wave and third wave. COVID-19 exhibited a steeper growth, where the steps taken by the Government were ineffective leading to higher death cases. Kerala was affected due to the travellers returning from the Middle East, while Maharashtra and Delhi saw large incidence rates due to the migrant influx and communal gathering. Conclusion: The most effective and practical approach is to test the symptomatic patients and aggressive testing to contain the transmission. Awareness campaigns to educate the public about social distancing and personal hygiene is more practical. There is still scope of improvement with regards to the public health care support, preparedness and response. Lockdown measures could have been avoided if the initial screening was conducted properly. 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved. -
A statistical analysis of the stochastic drift between sensex & nifty - An in-depth study /
International Journal Of Innovative Research & Development, Vol.4, Issue 5, pp.208-212, ISSN No: 2278-0211 (Online) -
A statistical approach to study anatomical changes of pink guava cultivar (Psidium guajava L. cv Arka Kiran) during its ripening at the room temperature storage
The ripening of climacteric fruit like guava is a complex process that is highly coordinated with its cellular backbone. In the present study, we combined microscopy, spectrophotometry, and statistical analysis to evaluate the anatomical changes in the pink variety of guava during five ripening stages (pre-ripe, ripe, color-turn, half over-ripe, and over-ripe) during its storage at room temperature (282 C). The cholorophyll content of the peel, as determined by the measurement of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll, showed a significant decrease during the maturation process (4.05, 4.53, and 8.62 ?g/cm2, respectively, in the pre-ripe stage to not detectable in the over-ripe stage). Gradual loss of integrity of the fruit pulp (pericarp) from the preserved bee-hive structure to cell mass was also monitored by studying the cellular anatomy with brightfield and scanning electron microscopy. The epidermal thickness and width of the cortical parenchyma cells revealed statistical differences from the initial pre-ripe stage to the final full-ripe stage. Finally, based on the cellular dimensions, multivariate analysis using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) tool grouped the stages into three clusters, namely, pre-ripe: ripe, color-turn: half-over ripe, and over-ripe stages. In conclusion, this study provided significant insights into cultivar-specific anatomical changes in guava fruit, with potential for future research to develop variants with longer post-harvest storage life. 2024 The Author(s)