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A facile and economic electrochemical sensor for methylmalonic acid: A potential biomarker for vitamin B12 deficiency
A facile and cost-effective method based on a modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been developed for the sensing of methylmalonic acid (MMA). The electrode (Ag-PEDOT/PGE) was designed by the electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon fibre paper (CFP) coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other electroanalytical techniques were used to characterize the modified electrodes. The fabricated sensor showcased a wide linear dynamic range (0.50 pM-55 nM) and a low detection limit (0.16 pM). A sharp increase in anodic peak current shows the excellent rate of electron transfer arising from Ag-PEDOT and PGE. The developed electrode was effectively utilized towards electrochemical MMA determination in urine and human blood serum samples. The results obtained certainly indicate that the sensor has high selectivity, ensures rapid detection, is reproducible, and has high stability towards the quantification of MMA in real samples. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. -
Electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 using coral-like MnO2-Pi on Ti3C2Tx MXene
MXenes are 2D nanomaterials that are considered the materials of the future generation due to their high electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization. This research work reports the electrochemical sensing of Vitamin B6 using the Manganese dioxide-inorganic phosphate/MXene brush-coated Carbon fiber paper electrode (MnO2-Pi/MXene/CFP) electrode for the first time. The three-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets consisting of highly ordered, vertically aligned nanosheets with electrochemically deposited MnO2-Pi are capable of yielding a synergistic effect in combination with high electrochemical performance and large surface area of MnO2-Pi. The reported electrochemical sensor exhibited a wide linear dynamic range (0.06650 M) and a low-level detection limit of 0.021 M. An increase in the anodic peak current confirms the rapid transfer of electrons transfer arising between the Ti3C2Tx MXene and MnO2-Pi. The results attained substantiate that the fabricated sensor has enhanced selectivity, reproducibility, and stability toward the electrochemical determination of Vitamin B6 in real samples. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Recent advances in bimetallic based nanostructures: Synthesis and electrochemical sensing applications
Detection of biomolecules is paramount for the diagnosis of various health conditions in humans for improving the quality as well as the standard of living. Many of the existing analytical detection methods being used have one or the other drawbacks. This has led to revolutionary paradigms in research and development in the electrochemical sensing of biomolecules. Nanoparticles have enhanced surface area to volume ratio and are highly effective as sensors due to their improved electrocatalytic properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles such as platinum, nickel, iron, palladium, and gold-based nanoparticles in combination with other metals are being extensively used for electrode modification owing to their unique electrocatalytic characteristics. The synergistic effect of two metals provides us with highly sensitive electrodes. Over a while, there has been a significant increase in research carried out in this field, which encouraged us to carry out a thorough survey of the development of bimetallic nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors for the sensing of glucose, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid. We have also mentioned the different types of electrode modifications for developing electrochemical sensors. This review provides readers a comparative study of the analytical parameters of the various electrochemical sensors for linear range, detection limit, and sensitivity. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Hierarchical porous covalent organic framework-based sensor for the detection of neurodegenerative disorder biomarkers
Guanosine is an essential biomarker that enacts an important role in neuroprotection against brain-related activities, influences the metabolism of fatty acids, and assists in the improvement of the gastrointestinal tract. A facile and selective electrochemical sensor has been developed for the sensing of guanosine based on a hierarchical porous covalent organic framework. Owing to the distinctive 2D porous architecture and ordered framework of TpBD-COF, the irreversible electrooxidation of guanosine occurred at 1.03 V (vs. SCE) in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6. The anodic peak currents under optimal conditions were linear with guanosine concentration within the range of 0.123720 ?M with a LOD of 40.63 nM under various optimal conditions. Moreover, the developed biosensor was used to determine guanosine in pharmaceutical tablets to confirm its potential application in the healthcare industry. 2023 Elsevier B.V. -
In silico Analysis of Stigmasterol from Saraca asoca as a Potential Therapeutic Drug Against Alzheimers Disease
Improvements and advances in health care over the past few decades have increased life expectancy and quality of life. However, this has resulted in an increase in non-communicable diseases like dementia, Alzheimers Disease (AD), etc. AD most commonly affects the older population, but recent studies reveal that it can also affect people of any age group. As of now, there are no accessible treatments or therapies that reverse the progression of the disease. The few existing medications to treat AD include Donepezil (Aricept), Galantamine (Razadyne) and Rivastigmine (Exelon) provide only temporary relief and come with several side effects like diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, and weight loss. An effective and augmenting therapy with Cholinesterase inhibitors from natural products is gaining popularity among researchers. Plant sterols have been known to play roles in inhibiting proteins implicated in the development of AD. The present study highlights the significance and scope of Stigmasterol, a phytochemical in Saraca asoca in the alleviation of AD. Our study involving the use of QSAR, ADME, molecular interaction, and molecular docking has shown that Stigmasterol has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic drug to curb the progression of AD after thorough validation procedures. 2021 Har Krishan Bhalla & Sons. -
Review-electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using chemically modified electrodes: A review
Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols utilizing chemically modified electrodes is considered as a green and facile method. This method is also considered as a feasible solution for a clean and efficient energy production, is more economic and produces less toxic and minimal waste. Electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols is of great interest as many of its products find applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. The major classifications of chemical modification to the electrodes for electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols discussed in this review include conducting polymers, noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, or metal-oxides as nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide-based modifications. Despite its wide range of applications and environmentally benign nature, electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols using chemically modified electrodes is underutilized, less appreciated, and still in its infancy stages. This review aims to provide the readers with an overview in the field of electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols by incorporating two significant applications-Electroorganic conversion of alcohols to aldehydes and their applications in alcohol-based fuel cells. Further, this also presents an outlook for gaining deeper insights for making this methodology more economic, and applicable in various synthetic organic chemistry fields. 2020 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited -
New horizons in surface topography modulation of MXenes for electrochemical sensing toward potential biomarkers of chronic disorders
MXenes are recently advanced two-dimensional layered nanomaterials that have various characteristic properties for developing electrochemical sensors for bioanalytical applications, such as hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, heightened ion transportation, and ease of functionalization. MXenes are revealed to be having applications in various other fields including energy storage, and catalysis. The combination of a layered structure, biocompatibility, and high surface functionalities makes MXene a highly versatile material for electrochemical sensing applications. The effect of various synthesis and functionalization strategies on tuning the properties of MXenes toward improving sensing abilities has been comprehensively discussed. This review article also discusses the relevance of early diagnosis of various biomarkers of chronic diseases via MXene modified electrochemical sensor for gaining a better understanding of their early diagnosis, disease progression, and risk assessment. Modification with MXenes improves the electrocatalytic functionality of the electrodes thereby improving their applicability in health and biomedical fields. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
High-Performance ?-cyclodextrin-Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Neurological Disorder Biomarker
In this work, the ?-cyclodextrin-MXene (?-CD-MXene) composite was employed as a modifier for carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes and quantification of L-methionine (L-Met). The ?-CD-MXene composite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis route by adding ?-CD and Ti3C2Tx MXenes obtained via the Minimally intensive layer delamination technique. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were conducted to study the influence of scan rate and pH on the electrooxidation of L-Met studies using the ?-CD-MXene/CFP electrode. The layered structure of the exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXenes with charge transfer efficiency in combination with the host-guest interaction ability of ?-CD enhances the electrooxidation of L-Met. The ?-CD-MXene/CFP electrode showcased high sensitivity, reproducibility, and stability, and the anodic peak currents were in linearity with L-Met concentration within the range of 0.09-540 ?M and LOD of 0.03 ?M under various optimized conditions. In addition, the developed sensor showcases highly selective and non-interfering sensing of L-Met. 2024 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
A facile and economic electrochemical sensor for methylmalonic acid: A potential biomarker for vitamin B12 deficiency /
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol.46, Issue 9, pp.4114- 4125, ISSN No: 1144-0546 (Print) 1369-9261 (Online).
A facile and cost-effective method based on a modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been developed for the sensing of methylmalonic acid (MMA). The electrode (Ag–PEDOT/PGE) was designed by the electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon fibre paper (CFP) coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other electroanalytical techniques were used to characterize the modified electrodes. -
New horizons in surface topography modulation of MXenes for electrochemical sensing toward potential biomarkers of chronic disorders /
Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Vol.7, Issue 3, pp.1-43, ISSN No: 1547-6561.
MXenes are recently advanced two-dimensional layered nanomaterials that have various characteristic properties for developing electrochemical sensors for bioanalytical applications, such as hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, electrical conductivity, heightened ion transportation, and ease of functionalization. MXenes are revealed to be having applications in various other fields including energy storage, and catalysis. The combination of a layered structure, biocompatibility, and high surface functionalities makes MXene a highly versatile material for electrochemical sensing applications. The effect of various synthesis and functionalization strategies on tuning the properties of MXenes toward improving sensing abilities has been comprehensively discussed. -
Synergistic effects of graphene oxide grafted chitosan & decorated MnO2 nanorods composite materials application in efficient removal of toxic industrial dyes
In this study, we designed a heterogeneous graphene oxide (GO) grafted on chitosan decorated with MnO2 nanorods (?-MnO2NRs/GO-Chit) composite materials and its ability to remove the cationic and anionic toxic dyes from wastewaters were analysed. The synthesised materials presented an effective stabilization of active MnO2 nanorods (NRs) on the GO-Chit surface. The synthesised materials were detailed characterised by several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques such as, FT-IR, P-XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, TGA, XPS, BET, CO2-TPD and UVVisible analysis. In addition, ?-MnO2NRs/GO-Chit material is successfully applied in removal of industrial ionic dyes such as amido black 10B (AB) and methylene blue (MB), respectively. The dye adsorption experiments confirmed that the GO-Chit/?-MnO2 NRs material exhibited remarkably high adsorption capacity in efficient removal of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) and anionic dye amido black 10B (AB). The maximum MB dye removal (97%) process completed in 24 min at C0 = 30 mgL?1, but in the case of AB the maximum dye removal (80%) process was reached in 700 min. Over GO-Chit/?-MnO2 NRs hybrid material, a maximum theoretical monolayer adsorption (qmax values is 328.9 mg g?1) of MB was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm equation. In case MB, a faster adsorption and 2.18 times maximum adsorption capacity was achieved than that of AB10 dye. The enhanced adsorption over ?-MnO2NRs/GO-Chit is due to the increased surface functionalities (i.e., oxygen-containing groups), high basicity and strong electrostatic forces between MnO2 nanorods and GO-Chit. Furthermore, ?-MnO2NRs/GO-Chit hybrid material displayed good stability after 10 successive adsorption tests. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
A Mixed-Methods Study on Experiencing in Indian Couples During Gottman's Intervention of Dreams-Within-Conflict
In Gottman Couple Therapy (GCT), the intervention of Dreams-within-Conflict (DWC) helps break down a gridlocked issue between couples through deeper emotional expression and experiencing (in-counseling exploration of emotions). The current study examined experiencing in a single session of DWC for N = 30 individuals (15 couples) using multiple methods such as self-assessment questionnaires, observation rating and coding of the video recording, and feedback interviews. The before and during DWC best experiencing video segments were selected and rated by two raters independently on the experiencing scale (ES) for partners. The changes in experiencing mode and peak scores (ESM and ESP) during DWC were investigated in the presence of individual characteristics of attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and relationship mindfulness traits. A paired-samples t-test showed a significant increase in experiencing for both partners. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis indicated that gender (women) significantly and positively predicted ESM. ESP was predicted positively by gender (women) and negatively by avoidance, though the results were not conclusive. Thematic analysis was used to look at the Indian couples' experiencing as shared by them in order to better grasp the therapeutic implications. The qualitative findings confirm the quantitative results that couples outside of intervention utilized experiencing levels 13 predominantly and moved to 34 levels during best experiencing segments of intervention. Couples reviewed positively to the emotional experiencing techniques used during the DWC intervention. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. -
The Universal Dimensions of Change: A Systematic Review of Couple Techniques
One can find a rich set of empirically evaluated techniques across different schools in couple therapy over its evolution of five decades. Though there are multiple systematic reviews and analyses of couple intervention studies, none focus on reviewing the universal dimensions of change across therapeutic techniques. Understanding the common areas of change would enable integrated learning across therapy modalities for novice therapists. Therefore, the aim is to identify the techniques employed in couple intervention research and categorize their change dimensions. We examined 40 articles on couple interventions published across 16 journals and identified 111 techniques. The five therapeutic change dimensions, namely behavior, cognition, emotion, attachment, and holistic, were categorized based on the common factor integration of techniques. The identified techniques were further classified under the five dimensions using the voting procedure to validate the universality of change dimensions. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Process of Emotion Regulation in Indian Couples During Gottmans Dreams-Within-Conflict Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Design Study
Gottman Couple Therapy (GCT) is based on 40 + years of empirical findings and advocates process research, enabling an understanding of how an intervention works. Dreams-within-Conflict (DWC) is a GCT technique that softens the stand on unresolvable issues by facilitating positive emotion regulation strategies such as expressing vulnerabilities, understanding, and soothing in place of destructive strategiessuch as criticism and defensiveness. The aim of the study is to understand the emotion regulation process during a one-session DWC intervention using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design examining N = 30 individuals (15 couples) during the DWC intervention. The changes in emotion regulation strategies (Extrinsic/Intrinsic affect Worsening/Improving strategiesEW, IW, EI, II) in partners were examined in the presence of individual characteristics of emotion regulation traits (cognitive-reappraisal and suppression) and beliefs using self-assessment questionnaires, feedback reports, thematic coding of video recordings, and a semi-structured interview. Paired-samplest-test results showed that DWC fosters emotion regulation strategies by significantly decreasing partners EW and increasing EI and II strategies. Though IW strategies declined during-DWC, the changes were not significant. Hierarchical linear modeling findings showed that before-DWC emotion regulation strategies, gender, and individual emotion regulation traits of cognitive-reappraisal and suppression predicted EI, and before-DWC strategies predicted II, but none of the variables predicted EW and IW during-DWC. To further understand the interventional implications, the emotional regulation strategies and preferences for expression (over suppression) shared by the Indian couples were examined using thematic analysis. The results show that avoidance, conflict behaviors, and prioritizing parents emotions over partners (in men) were the most often employed regulatory strategies. Simultaneously, Indian couples unanimously agreed that expression of emotions was a crucial factor for marital satisfaction. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. -
Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclics
The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds using heterogeneous catalysis is a topic of significant interest in organic synthesis and chemical research. Heterogeneous catalysis offers several advantages over homogeneous catalysis, including easier separation and recovery of the catalyst, reduced waste generation, and potentially higher stability and reusability. In this review, the pivotal role of heterogeneous catalysis in synthesizing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds is explored. Various types of heterocycles and the specific applications of these compounds in drug discovery and material development are discussed in detail. This review discusses various examples of heterogeneous catalysts employed in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, including metal oxides, supported metals, metal nanoparticles, zeolites, and other porous materials. Emphasis is placed on the mechanistic insights and reaction pathways facilitated by different catalysts. Additionally, recent advancements and innovations in the field are discussed, including novel catalyst designs, green chemistry approaches, and emerging trends in catalytic materials. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact and potential of heterogeneous catalysis in this important area of organic synthesis. 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Study on the influence of modified chitosan on the preservation of tiger prawn penaeus monodon
Native chitosan, irradiated chitosan (5kGy and 10 kGy) and grafted chitosan was characterized and employed for the preservation of sea food Penaeus monodon. The grafting of metha acrylate onto natural native polymer chitosan was executed and the configuration and arrangement of covalent bonds in the grafted chitosan was demonstrated by performing, SEM, XRD, FTIR, TG and DSC analyses. The modified chitosan conferred antioxidant and antibacterial potential equivalent to or better than that of the unmodified chitosan in the stored Penaeus monodon. Modified chitosan treated Penaeus monodon produced less TBARS and TVB values than the control group. 2020 Slovak University of Agriculture. -
Towards various applications of Big Data and related issues and challenges
A new trend in feature abstraction is Big Data Analysis combined with computational techniques. This includes gathering knowledge from reputable data sources, analyzing information quickly, and forecasting the future. Big data entails vast amounts of data that are challenging to analyze using typical database and software approaches. When using big data applications, a technological hurdle arises when transporting data across several locations, which is quite expensive and necessitates a huge primary memory for storing data for processing. Big data refers to the transaction and interaction of datasets whose size and complexity transcend the usual technical capabilities of acquiring, organizing, and processing data in a cloud environment. This article provides an in depth study of various applications of big data. It also provides a detailed view on various problems and challenges in Big Data. 2021 IEEE. -
Role of digital technologies to combat COVID-19 pandemic
Purpose: The unexpected epidemic of the latest coronavirus in 2019, known as COVID-19 by the Globe, a number of governments worldwide have been put in a vulnerable situation by the World Health Organization. The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak, previously experienced by Chinas citizens alone, has now become more pronounced. For practically every nation in the world, this is a matter of grave concern. The lack of assets to withstand the infection of COVID-19, mixed with the perception of overwhelmed medical mechanisms, pressured a number of places in a state of partial or absolute lockdown. Design/methodology/approach: The medical photos such as computed tomography (CT) and X-ray playa key role in the worldwide battle against COVID-19, while artificial intelligence (AI) has recently appeared. The power of imaging is further increased by technology tools and support for medical specialists. In comparison to the related direct health effects because of the COVID-19 disaster, this research identifies its impacts on the overall society. Findings: This paper hereby examines the rapid answers in the medical imaging community toward COVID-19 (empowered by AI). For example, the acquisition of AI-empowered images will significantly assist automate the scanning process and reshape the procedure as well. AI, too, may improve the quality of the job by correctly delineating X-ray and CT image infections, promoting subsequent infections, quantification. In addition, computer-aided platforms support radiologists make medical choices, i.e. for illness tracking, diagnosis and prognosis. Originality/value: This research encompasses the whole medical imaging pipeline and methods for research related to COVID-19, include a collection of images, segmentation, diagnosis and monitoring. In drawing stuff to minimize the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic, this paper is investigating the use of technologies such as the internet of things, unmanned aerial vehicles, blockchain, AI, big data and 5G. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Navigating the intersection of global climate change and mental health
The ecological equilibrium of the globe is under grave danger from the unprecedented global climate change problem, which has far-reaching consequences for both human society and the natural world. The complex relationship between climate change and mental health is discussed in this abstract, along with its direct and indirect effects, the ways in which different groups are vulnerable, strategies for coping, policy implications, and potential directions for further study. Direct trauma and post-traumatic stress disorders are direct outcomes of immediate effects, such as severe weather occurrences and the evacuation of entire communities. At the same time, widespread eco-anxiety is overwhelming people's minds and leading to persistent uneasiness. This abstract dives into the mental toll, looking at how indigenous people, youth, and children experience cultural displacement and forced migration, as well as the grieving over biodiversity loss. A wide range of responses, from mindfulness practices on an individual level to community-based resilience programs, are emerging in response to the climate crisis. The abstract highlights the importance of education in fostering understanding and resilience, particularly among younger generations. It stresses the importance of international cooperation and calls for the inclusion of mental health concerns in climate change strategies 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Exploring best practices in mobile app design patterns and tools: A user-centered approach
Design patterns are reusable solutions to common design problems that provide a consistent user experience across different apps. This article explores the best practices in mobile app design patterns and tools with a focus on the user-centered approach to design. Design patterns such as navigation bars, tab bars, list views, and card views are discussed, along with design tools such as Sketch, Figma, Adobe XD, and InVision. The problem is to ensure that mobile app design is centered around the needs and preferences of the user, rather than the designer or the technology, and that the right design patterns and tools are used to create interfaces that are familiar and easy to use. The chapter emphasizes the importance of conducting user research to understand the needs and preferences of the target audience and using design patterns and tools to create interfaces that are familiar and easy to use. Mobile apps have become an integral part of our lives, and designing a successful mobile app is a challenging task that requires a thorough understanding of user needs and preferences. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.