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Synthesis of Value Added Refractories from Aluminium Dross and Zirconia Composites
Results of a developmental study on the potential to synthesize industrial grade refractories from aluminum dross with un-stabilized zirconia are reported. The merit of the developed product to perform as refractories suitable for use at or above 1000C was assessed by studying the thermo-physical behavior as per guidelines of ASTM and IS. Aluminum dross, an industrial waste (slag) is generated in several millions of tons in the production of Aluminum and is dumped into landfills, which releases poisonous gases like methane and ammonia upon contact with moisture present in the land and the heat generated by the earth, warranting stringent mitigation efforts. Rich in aluminum metal (?15%), ?-Al2O3 (7-15%), MgAl2O4 (10-15%) and AlN (20-30%), the general prime dross composition draws interest due to its abundance and presence of ?-Al2O3 and MgAl2O4, for the production of refractories with insulating, shock resistance and stability at high temperature (?1000C and above) characteristics. Nevertheless, presence of AlN, a good thermal conductor acts as a deterrent in the production of refractories. Aluminium dross (after leaching out AlN) was processed with un-stabilized zirconia (monoclinic ZrO2) to synthesize the refractory composites. Conventional process (calcination, ball milling, compaction and sintering (1550C/6 hrs)) was employed. Characterization involved thermal shock cycling (air quench at furnace ambient of 1000C and room temperature) to determine the number of shock cycles endured before failure. Structural phase analyses at various stages of processing were carried out by via XRD. Magnesia present in dross did not appear to stabilize either the tetragonal or cubic ZrO2. Microstructural and chemical composition studies were carried out via SEM and EDS. The favourable results confirm the viability of the process methodology. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. -
Plasma Sprayed Refractory Coatings from Aluminium Dross
Refractory coatings on metals offer a unique blend of chemical inertness, stability and mechanical properties at temperatures higher than what the metal can normally withstand. However, a balance must be struck with many factors: Thickness, adhesion, performance, durability, economy and suitability for specific end use requirements. The present-day technology requires the coating to give effective service under extreme temperatures while being environmentally friendly and be easily available. One application of refractory coating is in steel industry-pipe linings. This research works highlights the potential to use aluminum dross, an industrial waste material to generate refractory coatings, comprised of Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 after suitable processing. Al dross is a byproduct of the Aluminium smelting process which can be recycled mechanically to separate the residual Aluminium metal from the Aluminium oxide. These are usually produced in tones every year and are found to be dumped in landfills and other empty spaces which generate toxic fumes like methane and other gases when reacted with moisture. The Aluminium dross used in this work was analyzed and found to comprise of its usual constituents such as metallic Al, MgAl2O4, Al2O3, AlN and other oxides and nitrides in minute quantities. Manual procedures were conducted to synthesize plasma spray-able dross which was further introduced to standard laboratory tests for the removal of undesirable constituents like AlN and other nitrides which led to the optimization of quality of powders. Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) coating methodology was used to deposit 250?m thick coatings of re-processed Al dross, involving the spraying of the processed powder onto a bond coated (NiCrAlY) steel substrate. The raw, reprocessed and the plasma sprayed coated Al dross were evaluated for their material characteristics by employing X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) for crystal structural phases, microstructure and chemical composition by employing sophisticated microscopy (SEM) technique and EDS associated with the SEM. The paper is presented keeping in in view the aptness of reprocessed Al dross, an industrial waste material to be utilized as refractories for use in engineering industries. 2019 Elsevier Ltd. -
Residual stress analysis on functionally graded 8% Y2O3-ZrO2 and NiCrAlY thermal barrier coatings
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) protect metallic components that operate in high temperature environments and enhance their service life. The conventional two-layered TBC system consists of a duplex ceramic top coat (TC) fabricated from 8 wt% yttria stabilized zirconia (8-YSZ) and an underlying bond coat (BC) comprised of intermetallic layers such as NiAl or MCrAlY (M = Co, Ni) etc. In the present study, functionally graded material (FGM) TBCs were fabricated by introducing a third blend layer of 8-YSZ and NiCrAlY, in between the BC and TC in order to enhance the thermal fatigue life of the TBC. The blend layer in FGM TBCs provides a smoother transition in thermal expansion properties between the metallic substrate and the top ceramic coat (8YSZ) which have widely different thermal expansion characteristics compared with each other. In service, thermal fatigue introduces severe tensile stresses between the coated layers and the substrates leading to ultimate detachment of the coatings from the substrates. In this work, residual stress analysis by Cos ? method was carried out as a non-destructive assessment tool to foresee the likelihood of onset of failure in the TBCs, well before the damage was visible. The two-layered (conventional) and three-layered (FGM) TBCs were synthesized on Inconel 718 substrates by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique. The TBCs were subjected to thermal fatigue tests between 1200? (by using gas flame) and ambient temperature and evaluated for residual stress analysis at different stages of thermal fatigue testing. The goal was to assess if residual stress analysis could be used to determine if the TBC was about to fail well before the delamination occurred and the catastrophic failure could be avoided. The tests conducted and results obtained are presented. 2022 -
Understanding user behavior through web utilization mining
This paper is focused on the efficiency of applications in Web Mining Algorithm for web log analysis which can be applied to identify user behavior and the context related to the pattern of an e-commerce website. The main objective is to find user behavior over the internet which can be done through the branch of web mining i.e., web utilization mining. So, it is mainly focused on learning the behavior of web user with their interaction with websites and application of web to extract hidden knowledge and information from World Wide Web. This motive can be accessed from the huge web log data and this data will be available in a log file of the server. Thus, the web server log file includes hidden knowledge and information of a visited user on web. This article provides a survey and analysis of current web mining system and technologies. Therefore, we implement how web mining techniques can apply to the web personalization by providing an efficient algorithm. 2018 IAEME Publication. All rights reserved. -
Unleashing the Power of Animation Movies on Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study on Moana
The case study explores the possibilities of implementing the socio-cultural, environmental representation and authenticity of the indigenous community depicted in the movie Moana in real life, thus embracing cultural heritage and identity using a sustainable model of developing tourism. This case study also aims to understand how animation movies like Moana will reflect the causes of climate change and may motivate tourists to choose their destination. Walt Disney Animation Studios 2016 film Moana, which had stunning animation and inspiring themes, captured the attention of viewers worldwide. This case study examines the different factors that led to the movies popularity and its profound effect on spectators, especially regarding indigenous community identity, ecocentrism, and effects of climate because of human intervention. The case explains the movie from different dimensions: culture and heritage, power of determination and hard work, eco-friendly initiatives, climate change, sustainability lessons, and destination choice. With direction by Ron Clements and John Musker, the motion picture Moana depicts the tale of Moana Waialiki, a young Polynesian girl who sets out on a dangerous journey to save her people and find her true identity. The movie displays the rich cultural legacy of the Pacific Islands and is inspired by Polynesian folklore. In this case, we would like to emphasize the value of self-discovery, personal development, and the strength of embracing ones uniqueness. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
Hycons Renewable Private Limited: decision to accept or reject an equity investment
Learning outcomes: This study will help students determine the economic value of a firm particularly in case of a small business. The crux of the case is to help students estimate an enterprise value for a company and figure the actual worth of the company to aid in decision-making. Case overview/Synopsis: This case is about a decision dilemma faced by Shashi Hegde, Director, Hycons Renewable Private Ltd, a company ventured into the production of Bio-CNG. It is about a recent proposal received by the firm from APL Ltd for equity investment with 40% stake in the firm. The case reflects the dilemma faced by small businesses to choose between investment or loss of control. Accepting the proposal will bring in additional funds, whereas the Board loss control on the firm. The case revolves around this dilemma. To help Hegde in this task, he seeks advice from his CFO and his confidant Kumar. Complexity academic level: This case is most appropriate for a core finance class for both under-graduate and graduate programs. Supplementary materials: Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code: CSS 1: Accounting and Finance. 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Divine Consulting Services: A Sinking Ship or Back to Land Safely?
[No abstract available] -
Low cost calibrated mechanical noisemaker for hearing screening of neonates in resource constrained settings
Background & objectives: There is a need to develop an affordable and reliable tool for hearing screening of neonates in resource constrained, medically underserved areas of developing nations. This study valuates a strategy of health worker based screening of neonates using a low cost mechanical calibrated noisemaker followed up with parental monitoring of age appropriate auditory milestones for detecting severe-profound hearing impairment in infants by 6 months of age. Methods: A trained health worker under the supervision of a qualified audiologist screened 425 neonates of whom 20 had confirmed severe-profound hearing impairment. Mechanical calibrated noisemakers of 50, 60, 70 and 80 dB (A) were used to elicit the behavioural responses. The parents of screened neonates were instructed to monitor the normal language and auditory milestones till 6 months of age. This strategy was validated against the reference standard consisting of a battery of tests - namely, auditory brain stem response (ABR), otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and behavioural assessment at 2 years of age. Bayesian prevalence weighted measures of screening were calculated. Results: The sensitivity and specificity was high with least false positive referrals for 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers. All the noisemakers had 100 per cent negative predictive value. 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers had high positive likelihood ratios of 19 and 34, respectively. The probability differences for pre- and post- test positive was 43 and 58 for 70 and 80 dB (A) noisemakers, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: In a controlled setting, health workers with primary education can be trained to use a mechanical calibrated noisemaker made of locally available material to reliably screen for severe-profound hearing loss in neonates. The monitoring of auditory responses could be done by informed parents. Multi-centre field trials of this strategy need to be carried out to examine the feasibility of community health care workers using it in resource constrained settings of developing nations to implement an effective national neonatal hearing screening programme. -
Impact of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions in a hybrid nanoliquid flow due to porous medium
Chemical responses are investigated as a piece of the modern applications like hydrometallurgical industry, food processing, and polymer production. Numerous chemical responding structures consolidate homogeneous and heterogeneous response and it is especially eccentric. Hence, this paper explains how the hybrid nanoliquid flow is handy in accelerate the thermochemical possessions of the base fluid in existence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Here, three different types of hybrid nanoliquid used are copper-Al2O 3/water, silver-Al 2O 3/water, and gold-Al 2O 3/water. Outcoming differential systems are resolved numerically by adopting fourth-order and fifth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method. To get better view of the topic, the flow field, temperature behavior, and concentration curves are investigated for particular estimations of critical elements. The results predict that gold-Al 2O 3/water nanoliquid has good impact of heat rate coefficient and further porosity parameter decelerates the velocity and accelerates the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
Hybrid (ND-Co3O4/EG) nanoliquid through a permeable cylinder under homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions and slip effects
Modeling and computations are performed to study the ND-Co3O4/EG hybrid nanoliquid mixed convective flow past a vertical porous cylinder. The flow analysis and formulation are given accounting for slip effects and homogeneous-heterogeneous reaction impacts. The governing complex equations formed with prescribed boundary conditions are simplified into self-similar equations through the use of suitable transformations. The numerical solutions of the drag coefficient, Nusselt number, liquid velocity, liquid temperature, and the liquid concentration are explored through graphs with the setting of pertaining parameter values. From the results, it is noticed that an ND-Co3O4/EG nanofluid plays a more impressive role in the process of energy transfer than a Co3O4/EG nanofluid. Further, it is found that the heterogeneous reaction parameter decreases the concentration whereas multiple slips enhance the temperature. 2020, Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
Narrativity and the Problematics of Authenticity in Hungry Ghosts by Kevin Jared Hosein
Postcolonial historical fictions, set in turbulent times, grapple with the question of authenticity in their fictional representations of events and individuals of the past. Trinidadian novelist Kevin Jared Hoseins Hungry Ghosts (2023), set in the estate barracks and surrounding milieu of 1940s Trinidad, is no exception. The paper argues for a nuanced understanding of the term authenticity in our reading of historical fictions, and explores Hoseins use of the formal, imaginative and affective dimensions of narration in negotiating representational adequacy and strengthening the significant thematic concerns in the text. Through textual analysis, the paper explores how Hosein situates his text firmly within the spatio-temporal reality of the period and captures the struggles of becoming confronting a population whose lives are coloured by historical trauma and continuing spatial hierarchy. 2024 The Editorial Board, Current Writing. -
Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for Turbidity Prediction of Dooskal Lake Using Remote Sensing Data
The summer season in India is marked by a severe shortage of water, which poses significant challenges for daily usage and agricultural practices. With unpredictable weather patterns and irregular rainfall, it is crucial to monitor and maintain water bodies such as domestic ponds and lakes in urban areas to ensure they provide clean and safe water for regular use, free from industrial pollutants. In this research paper, we propose an innovative ensemble deep learning approach (e-DLA) that leverages deep learning models to predict the turbidity of Dooskal Lake, located in Telangana, India, using remote sensing data. The proposed approach utilizes various deep learning models, including bagging, boosting, and stacking, to analyze the complex relationships between remote sensing data and turbidity levels in the lake. The study aims to provide accurate and efficient predictions of turbidity levels, which can aid in the management and conservation of water resources in the region. Hyperparameter tuning is employed, and dynamic climatic features are extracted and integrated with the ensemble learning global protective intelligent algorithm to reveal the complex relationship between in situ and measured values of turbidity during the measuring timeline. The proposed approach provides accurate predictions of turbidity levels, enabling the implementation of effective control measures to maintain water quality standards. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly reduces prediction errors compared to existing deep learning models. Overall, this research highlights the potential of machine learning techniques in monitoring and maintaining water resources, particularly in urban areas, to support sustainable water management and usage, and addresses an urgent and pressing issue in India and around the world. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Biodegradation of polypropylene films by Bacillus paralicheniformis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from municipality solid waste contaminated soil
The fossil fuel or petroleum derived plastics are applied in our routine life because of their easy availability. Distribution and contamination of the plastics in the landfills are the major reasons for these biodegradation study. This current study reveals the biodegradation of polypropylene films and the growth of Bacillus paralicheniformis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from plastic contaminated soil collected from municipality solid waste management site. The degradation rate of PP films was confirmed by the results of biodegradation analysis. The growth of Bacillus paralicheniformis and Lysinibacillus fusiformis had shown OD values at 600nm after the degradation period of 4 weeks increasing from 0.131 to 0.334 and 0.148 to 0.213 respectively. The viable cell count increased from 804cells/ml to 1204cells/ml and 10.104cells/ml to 15.204cells/ml respectively. The physical and chemical changes of PP films were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. These analysis confirmed that the bacterial strains have the ability to change the chemical and physical nature of PP films and can utilize the PP films as sole carbon source. 2021 World Research Association. All rights reserved. -
Brand Value: Nexus with Profitability and Value Relevance Indian Evidence
The paper studied the association between brand value and financial profitability metrics, value relevance, and excess market returns. The study used the dollar value data of BrandZ Top Indian Brands as the proxy for brand value and used 221 firm years for a sample of 72 companies that owned the top brands for 5 years, from 2014 2018. The study deployed the fixed effects model to find the association between profitability, firm value, and brand value and the Fama French four-factor model for the risk-return performance of high-brand value stocks. The findings indicated a strong association between the brand values of firms and profitability and firm value. The portfolio returns of high-brand value companies produced higher risk-adjusted returns over market returns offered by BSE 100 stocks. This is Indias first and most comprehensive study to provide empirical evidence on the nexus between brand value, profitability, and value relevance. The results gave a concrete conclusion that building brand value offers both customer satisfaction as well as shareholder value creation. 2022, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Audit Tenure, Audit Fee, and Audit Quality: Evidence from India
This paper examined the relationship between the tenure of the auditor and the audit quality of Indian companies, particularly in the wake of two significant regulations in the financial reporting, the implementation of Ind AS (the IFRS compliant accounting standards) and mandatory auditor rotation. Using Discretionary Accruals as a proxy for audit quality, the study took the data of all the companies listed on the NSE for 11 financial years, from 2009 2019 (totaling 8,171 firm-year observations). It deployed panel data regression with a random-effects model. The results showed that audit quality improved up to specific auditors tenure, particularly with the IFRS compliance and Big 4 auditors. The higher audit fee is positively significantly associated with lower earnings quality. The study suggested that mandatory auditor rotation might provide the full benefit only along with other regulations on IFRS, auditor reputation, and audit fee. The study provided an impetus to the regulators, audit fraternity, and companies to improve the relevance of financial statements. This is one of the first longitudinal studies examining the interaction effects of different audit regulations. Robustness checks with other proxies of audit quality provided the same results. 2022, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Determinants of audit fee-evidence from indian companies
Several studies have examined the factors influencing audit fees across the world, especially on the possible conflict of interest of auditor and client that may be affecting the quality of audit. The paper is about the trend in audit fee in the Indian setting, with the backdrop of two regulatory changes: mandatory auditor rotation and the implementation of Ind AS, the converged version of IFRS. Examining the determinants of audit fees, the paper categorized the explanatory variables into three attributes; auditee (size, risk, and complexity), auditor (auditor size, tenure, joint audit, and auditor rotation), and regulatory (mandatory auditor rotation and IFRS). The sample consisted of all non-financial companies listed on the National Stock Exchange for a period of 10 years from 20092018 resulting in 12,419 firm years. The paper deployed panel data regression with fixed effects with audit fee as the dependent variable. The key findings suggested that audit fee was positively associated with the size of the auditor and the auditee and the ratio of accounts receivable. The paper also indicated that with the tenure of the auditor, the fee tended to increase, and auditor rotation had a significant impact on the auditor's fee. The findings of the study will help the policymakers on the regulation around auditor engagements. 2021, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved. -
Efficient Lung Cancer Classification on Multi level Convolution Neural Network using Histopathological Images
Lung cancer can be detected by lung nodules, which are a key sign. An early diagnosis enhances the likelihood that the patient will survive by enabling the appropriate therapy to start. To reduce the responsibility of radiologists' difficult and time-consuming labour of finding and categorising malignancy in Computed Tomography (CT) images, researchers have created CAD (computer-assisted diagnosis) systems. The likelihood and kind of malignancy are commonly determined by pathologists using histopathological images of biopsy specimens taken from potentially sick areas of the lungs. To categorise lung nodule malignancy, we recommend employing a four-level convolutional neural network (ML-CNN). From lung nodule CT scan images, multiple scales are extracted. ML-CNN's employs four CNNs network model structure. After the result of the last pooling layer has been flattened to a vector with a single dimension for each level, the vectors are concatenated. These four ML-CNNs will help our model perform better. The ML-CNN model can recognise and classify different forms of lung cancer with reasonable accuracy. The 25000 images employed in the ML-CNN model have been separated into three categories: training, validation, and testing. Three distinct tissue types were assessed and training and validation took up within 80% and 15% of the total time and 5% for testing, respectively. The histopathological images included the following tissue type's 1.Benign tissue 2. Large cell carcinoma 3.squamous cell carcinoma. The proposed model demonstrated superior performance on both the training set, achieving an accuracy of 78%, and the validation set, achieving an accuracy of 89.6% by the end of the evaluation 2023 IEEE. -
Litigating for Climate JusticeChasing a Chimera?
Across the world, in recent decades, climate litigations have been playing essential roles in shaping domestic policies and legal frameworks on climate change and also in rendering climate justice. There has also been a continuous rise in the development of climate actions, and climate claim litigations by individuals, civil society, and non-state actors. The Indian Supreme Court, High Courts, and the National Green Tribunal have played a significant role in environmental governance by interpreting constitutional and statutory rights to include a right to the environment over the past decades. Nevertheless, with the latest trends in climate litigations, climate challenges have grown across varied climate-related issues, requiring a new judicial approach. In its analysis of climate claims, the justice dispensation mechanism ought to comprehend the shortcomings and be able to generate solutions, similar to those adopted by the courts in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. An analyses of the approach taken by courts in developing nations namely in the Philippines, South Africa, and Pakistan that have compelled governments and corporates to meet their climate commitments are examined. Climate litigation in India has been emerging rapidly over the past decade. As the claims are increasing, the courts and the National Green Tribunal need enhanced capacity building to address climate litigations. This chapter seeks to address the feasibility and implication of equipping courts to address climate litigation. We review the scope of climate litigation and consider the challenges and opportunities to ensure climate justice. This chapter concludes by outlining possible opportunities and challenges in interlinking climate litigation and climate justice in India. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Determinants of Procrastination among young adults in their academics and professional lives
Procrastination is one of the most pervasive issues which exist in contemporary times among students and professionals. This research aims to understand the modern determinants of procrastination, including factors such as Fear of Missing out (FOMO), Social Zapping, and Sensation Seeking with Impulsivity as a mediator. Limited research has talked about these variables connection with one another. The study was conducted by collecting data from 294 young adults using convenience and snowball sampling with scales of the five variables in question. A mediation analysis was performed which concluded that FOMO has a significant effect on procrastination. Additionally, Social Zapping and FOMO showed a significant relationship with impulsivity. This suggests that FOMO is the key factor that leads to students and professionals choosing to procrastinate their academic/work-related activities in favour of other alternatives such as social or recreational activities. 2023 RJ4All. -
Improvement to Recommendation system using Hybrid techniques
Currently, recommendation systems are a common tool for providing individualized recommendations and item information to users. For personalization in the recommendation system, there are a variety of strategies that can be used. To improve system performance and offset the shortcomings of individual recommendation strategies, a hybrid recommender system integrates two or even more recommendation techniques. The demand to summarize all of the knowledge on actual methods and algorithms utilized in hybrid recommended systems necessitates the need for a systematic review in the domain. These materials will be employed to aid in the development of an auto-switching hybrid recommender system. In the content-based filtering technique, the algorithm is based on the contents of items and the collaborative filtering technique algorithm combines the relationship between user and item. Both of the approaches of recommendation system are suffers from some limitations, this is a big issue to predict better recommendations to the user. Hybrid systems are introduced to overcome the main limitations of both techniques. These systems are made with a combination of content-based and collaborative filtering techniques and have advantages of both techniques. With the use of hybrid systems, the quality of recommendations is improved. Hybrid recommendation systems use previous data of a user to find his/her interest and then they target the set of an adjacent user which is similar with that user and according to adjacent user recommend things to the user. Hybrid systems offer the items that share the common things that a user rated highly (Content-based filtering) and make suggestions by comparing the interest of a similar user (Collaborative filtering). 2022 IEEE.