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Two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene for photocatalytic hydrogen production: A review
This study focuses on the utilization of two-dimensional Ti3C2 MXene as a catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production. MXenes, a class of transition metal carbides/nitrides, exhibit exceptional properties conducive to enhancing photocatalytic reactions. This research explores the performance of Ti3C2 MXene as a cocatalyst in photocatalytic systems, aiming to improve charge separation, inhibit recombination, and facilitate efficient hydrogen evolution from water under light irradiation. The synthesis methods, catalyst-loading strategies, and overall photocatalytic mechanisms are investigated, shedding light on the potential of Ti3C2 MXene as a promising material for advancing hydrogen production through sustainable means. 2023 Korean Chemical Society, Seoul & Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Advances in the use of ceramic catalysts in fine chemical synthesis
Ceramics are versatile materials that have been put to many different uses. Catalysis is one such area where they have been used, both as catalyst and as a robust support material for catalysts. Properties like porosity and thermal and mechanical stability make ceramics attractive in these applications. Oxidation, esterification, hydrogenation, reduction, condensation reaction, and FriedelCrafts reaction are important reactions, which have uses spanning a wide range of applications, most notably in energy and environment. This chapter gives the recent advancements in ceramic materials used in the synthetic applications of the abovementioned reactions. The type and class of the ceramic material used and its role have been mentioned for these reactions. 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
CoFe2O4 nanoparticles embedded 2D Cr2CTx MXene: A new material for battery like hybrid supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reaction
The progress of effective electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors is one of the most cutting-edge fields of study in the search for alternative and renewable energy uses. 2D MXenes, with their distinctive physiochemical features, have successfully improved the electrode materials by imparting superior energy storage, thus distinguishing themselves among electrode materials. A new class of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles embedded Cr2CTx MXene sheets have been fabricated and tested for supercapacitor applications. Notably, the cobalt ferrite acts as interlayer spacers between Cr2CTx MXene layers. The Cobalt ferrite/Cr2CTx MXene composite offers enhanced supercapacitive features compared to pristine cobalt ferrite or Cr2CTx MXene sheets. The cobalt ferrite/Cr2CTx MXene nanocomposite shows a maximal specific capacity of 763.83C g?1 (1909.6 F g?1) at 1 A g?1. The fabricated device using the prepared material exhibited a capacitance retention of 99 % up to 2500 cycles. Also, this attractive nanocomposite displays a charge transfer resistance of only 0.25 ?, which is highly beneficial to charge-discharge at higher current rates. 2024 Elsevier Ltd -
A review of hierarchical nanostructures of TiO2: Advances and applications
In the past few decades, extensive studies have been carried out on TiO2 nanostructures having hierarchical morphologies and their applications in diverse fields. By controlling the size and composition of the different TiO2 morphologies, new and improved properties have been realized, leading to significant advancements in materials chemistry, in the broad areas of energy and environment. The improved efficiency and wide applications of these materials are attributed to their physicochemical properties such as stability, efficient electronic and ionic charge transfer, higher specific surface area, etc. In this review, we discuss the different morphologies of hierarchical TiO2 nanoparticles and the properties that have been influenced by these morphologies, enabling their diverse applications. Several composites using the different TiO2 hierarchical forms have been synthesized which too find wide applications. The excellent physical properties of zero, one, two, and three-dimensional TiO2 nanostructures, the relationship between the morphologies of TiO2 nanostructures, and their activities in energy and environment applications have been discussed. 2021 The Author(s) -
Advanced Approaches for Hate Speech Detection: A Machine and Deep Learning Investigation
The prevalence of online social media platforms has led to an alarming rise in the frequency of cyberbullying and hate speech. This study uses a variety of machine-learning approaches and deep- learning algorithms to identify hate speech. The goal is to create a thorough and successful method for locating and categorizing hate speech on online networks. Our suggested approach intends to deliver a comprehensive solution to address the urgent problem of cyberbullying and hate speech in the digital sphere by leveraging the strength of these cutting-edge techniques. We work to make social media users' online experiences safer and more welcoming by identifying and addressing such harmful online actions. Through rigorous experimentation, we evaluate the efficacy of these methodologies, ultimately revealing that the Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) outperforms the other employed techniques. The Bi-GRU model demonstrates superior hate speech detection capabilities, substantiated by robust performance metrics. This research contributes to the field by providing empirical evidence that deep learning models, such as Bi-GRU, can significantly advance hate speech detection accuracy. The findings underscore the potential of leveraging advanced neural architectures in the pursuit of fostering a more inclusive and respectful digital space. 2024 IEEE. -
Facial Expression Recognition Using Pre-trained Architectures
In the area of computer vision, one of the most difficult and challenging tasks is facial emotion recognition. Facial expression recognition (FER) stands out as a pivotal focus within computer vision research, with applications in various domains such as emotion analysis, mental health assessment, and humancomputer interaction. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of ensemble methods that combine pre-trained deep learning architectures, specifically AlexNet, ResNet50, and Inception V3, to enhance FER performance on the FER2013 dataset. The results from this study offer insights into the potential advantages of ensemble-based approaches for FER, demonstrating that combining pre-trained architectures can yield superior recognition outcomes. 2024 by the authors. -
Machine Learning-Based Classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder across Age Groups
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its increasing prevalence and profound impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole. In this study, we explore the use of different machine learning classifiers for the accurate detection of ASD in children, adolescents, and adults. Furthermore, we conduct feature reduction to identify key features contributing to ASD classification within each age group using Cuckoo Search Algorithm. Logistic Regression has the highest accuracy compared to the other two models. 2024 by the authors. -
Buying intension of menstrual cups among women in India
Background: In this era of globalization, Menstrual Hygiene Management is to be concerned. However due to increasing menstrual health hygiene practices adopted by women are rapidly changing and are shifting towards healthier and sustainable products in the Indian market. Objectives: This study aims to identify and evaluate the factors effecting the buying intension of menstrual cups and to provide managerial implications in the future. Methods: The data was collected through a questionnaire survey method; Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to bring down the factor focusing on the prominent factor useful for the study. Sample size for the study was 455 where simple random sampling technique was adopted to give every element in the population to give an equal chance. Results: Through Exploratory Factor Analysis, the paper identifies five factors as product awareness, perception, external influence, product features and hygiene. Here, product awareness is the most influential factor when compared to other factor which affects the buying intension of the menstrual cups. Conclusion: The word Menstruation which was backed by religious and cultural beliefs has gone through tremendous change effect. The lack of product awareness and the existing taboos are restricting women to buy menstrual cups. The study highlights the innovations in the menstrual products and also the importance of buying healthier and eco-friendly menstrual products like menstrual cups which are economically and eye catching products among women. 2019 SERSC. -
Strategic positioning of tourist destinations- analyzing the role of perceived meaningfulness
This study analyzed the cognitive and affective components of destination image in the perception of foreign tourists visiting Indian destinations by exploring conceptual constructs, namely Post-visit Destination Image and Perceived Meaningfulness. The exploratory factor analysis of the responses of foreign tourists (n = 242) on items related to the major constructs significant in tourist behavior such as destination quality, perceived meaningfulness, and post-visit destination image confirmed the existence of multi-dimensional structure. Additionally, the empirical validation of the theoretical framework developed on the tenents of stimulus-organism-response paradigm with the constructs using structural equation modeling established significant relationships helpful to understand many new travel motivations. The study established that perceived meaningfulness has a significant mediating role in predicting tourist referral/revisit intentions from positive perceptions about destination quality and post-visit destination image. The observations from the study helped to identify six types of travel motivations useful in developing niche markets for positioning Indian destinations. The identified travel motivations, namely physical meaningfulness seeking, eternal meaningfulness seeking, social meaningfulness seeking, nature-loving, hospitality appreciating, and uniqueness exploring, offer directions to destination marketers to revamp destination attributes for destination marketing. 2021 The Authors -
A collaborative application of design thinking and Taguchi approach in restaurant service design for food wellbeing
Purpose: Innovative restaurant service designs impart food wellbeing to diners. This research comprehends customer aspirations and concerns in a restaurant-dining experience to develop a service design that enhances the dining experience using the design thinking approach and evaluates its efficiency using the Taguchi method of robust design. Design/methodology/approach: The sequential incidence technique defines diners' needs, which, followed by brainstorming sessions, helped create multiple service designs with important attributes. Prototype narration, as a scenario, acted as the stimulus for evaluators to respond to the WHO-5 wellbeing index scale. Scenario-based Taguchi experiment with nine foodservice attributes in two levels and the wellbeing score as the response variable helped identify levels of critical factors that develop better FWB. Findings: The study identified the best combination of factors and their preferred levels to maximize FWB in a restaurant. Food serving hygiene, followed by information about cuisine specification, and food movement in the restaurant, were important to FWB. The experiment revealed that hygiene perceptions are critical to FWB, and service designs have a significant role in it. Consumers prefer detailed information about the ingredients and recipe of the food they eat; being confident that there will be no unacceptable ingredients added to the food inspires their FWB. Research limitations/implications: Theoretically, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on design thinking and transformative service research, especially in the food industry. Practical implications: This paper details a simple method to identify and evaluate important factors that optimize FWB in a restaurant. The proposed methodology will help service designers and technology experts devise settings that consider customer priorities and contribute to their experience. Originality/value: This study helps to understand the application of design thinking and the Taguchi approach for creating robust service designs that optimize FWB. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Towards a theory of well-being in digital sports viewing behavior
Purpose: Social television (Social TV) viewing of live sports events is an emerging trend. The realm of transformative service research (TSR) envisions that every service consumption experience must lead to consumer well-being. Currently, a full appreciation of the well-being factors obtained through Social TV viewing is lacking. This study aims to gain a holistic understanding of the concept of digital sports well-being obtained through live Social TV viewing of sports events. Design/methodology/approach: Focus group interviews were used to collect data from the 40 regular sports viewers, and the qualitative data obtained is analyzed thematically using NVivo 12. A post hoc verification of the identified themes is done to narrow down the most critical themes. Findings: The exploration helped understand the concept of digital sports well-being (DSW) obtained through live Social TV sports spectating and identified five critical themes that constitute its formation. The themes that emerged were virtual connectedness, vividness, uncertainty reduction, online disinhibition and perceived autonomy. This study defines the concept and develops a conceptual model for DSW. Research limitations/implications: This study adds to the body of knowledge in TSR, transformative sport service research, digital customer engagement, value co-creation in digital platforms, self-determination theory and flow theory. The qualitative study is exploratory, with participants views based on a single match in one particular sport, and as such, its findings are restrained by the small sample size and the specific sport. To extend this studys implications, empirical research involving a larger and more diversified sample involving multiple sports Social TV viewing experiences would help better understand the DSW concept. Practical implications: The research provides insights to Social TV live streamers of sporting events and digital media marketers about the DSW construct and identifies the valued DSW dimensions that could provide a competitive advantage. Originality/value: To the best of the authors knowledge, the exploration is the first attempt to describe the concept of DSW and identify associated themes. 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
An Empirical Study of Blockchain Technology, Innovation, Service Quality and Firm Performance in the Banking Industry
Despite the potential promises that blockchain technology (BT) offers to the financial services sector, its large-scale implementations are still in a nascent stage. There is no consensus on what benefits BT may bring, and there is always a possibility of difference between expected benefits and experienced real-world impact. Since the actual impact can be assessed only after large-scale implementations by financial institutions, there is little empirical evidence available in the literature. In this context, this research seeks to explore the potential impact of BT by developing and empirically testing a model. For this purpose, we have identified four dimensions of BT, namely, Decentralization, Transparency, Trustlessness, and Security. The impact of BT on innovation, service quality, and firm performance is assessed based on the extent to which these dimensions are present in the organization. The linkages of the latent constructs are estimated by analyzing the primary data collected from senior managers of various banks in India. The findings of this study provide several important considerations regarding the implementation of BT. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. -
Impact of transformational leadership on the affective commitment of employees in the service sector /
International Journal of Recent Technology And Engineering, Vol.8, issue 4, pp.1388-1393, ISSN No: 2277-3878. -
Short-chain fatty acid: An updated review on signaling, metabolism, and therapeutic effects
Fatty acids are good energy sources (9 kcal per gram) that aerobic tissues can use except for the brain (glucose is an alternative source). Apart from the energy source, fatty acids are necessary for cell signaling, learning-related memory, modulating gene expression, and functioning as cytokine precursors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are saturated fatty acids arranged as a straight chain consisting minimum of 6 carbon atoms. SCFAs possess various beneficial effects like improving metabolic function, inhibiting insulin resistance, and ameliorating immune dysfunction. In this review, we discussed the biogenesis, absorption, and transport of SCFA. SCFAs can act as signaling molecules by stimulating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and suppressing histone deacetylases (HDACs). The role of SCFA on glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and its effect on the immune system is also reviewed with updated details. SCFA possess anticancer, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, the association of protective effects of SCFA against brain-related diseases, kidney diseases, cardiovascular damage, and inflammatory bowel diseases were also reviewed. Nanotherapy is a branch of nanotechnology that employs nanoparticles at the nanoscale level to treat various ailments with enhanced drug stability, solubility, and minimal side effects. The SCFA functions as drug carriers, and nanoparticles were also discussed. Still, much research was not focused on this area. SCFA functions in host gene expression through inhibition of HDAC inhibition. However, the study has to be focused on the molecular mechanism of SCFA against various diseases that still need to be investigated. 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Green Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Using Semecarpus anacardium Linn leaf Extract: Examination of Anticancer Activity and its Apoptosis Induction
Nanotechnology and biomedical sciences enable diverse molecular and cellular applications. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles, a green chemistry approach, offers a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. This study focuses on developing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs) using Semecarpus anacardium Linn (SAL) leaf extract (termed SAL@HA-NPs) as a capping agent and reducing agent. The presence of needle-shaped nanostructures was verified using SEM and TEM investigation. The presence of well-defined rings in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns provided evidence for the polycrystalline nature of the SAL@HA-NPs). The XRD spectrum exhibited clear peaks that closely corresponded to the hexagonal patterns of HA, indicating a mean crystalline diameter of 54.25nm. The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of biomolecules from Semecarpus anacardium Linn leaves on the surface of the nanoparticles. The suspension of SAL@HA-NPs displayed a polydispersity index of 0.445 and demonstrated excellent stability, as indicated by the zeta potential of -32.2 mV, as observed in the DLS tests. The SAL@HA-NPs exhibited a harmful effect on the HeLa cervical and HepG2 liver cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 52g/mL. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the deformation of the damaged cell membrane, fragmentation, and cell death following treatment with SAL@HA-NPs. The Annexin V-FITC and PI staining confirmed the mode of apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis. Thus, the SAL@HA-NPs acquired in this study could have a crucial impact on the biomedical domain of cancer treatment. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
A study of the structure, luminescence and cytotoxicity of new green-emitting terbium-doped CaS nanophosphors
CaS nanoparticles have attracted significant attention due to their wide range of optoelectronic applications. The synthesis of CaS nanophosphors doped with different terbium concentrations through a simple wet chemical co-precipitation method using triethanolamine (TEOA) as a capping agent is reported here. X-ray diffractogram ensured that the nanoparticles were crystallized in the cubic phase with space groupFm3 m. Morphology and particle size of the TEOA-capped CaS:Tb nanophosphors were determined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the samples were studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy and UVVis absorption measurements. The prepared nanoparticles exhibited green luminescence, which is attributed to 5D47FJ transitions of terbium ions incorporated into the CaS lattice. The existence of various functional groups in the synthesized products was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The lifetime decay measurements showed that the lifetime of the samples was in the nanosecond range. Cytotoxicity analysis of the nanoparticles was carried out on L929 fibroblast cells, which confirmed that the nanoparticles are biocompatible across a wide range of concentrations. Our findings indicate that CaS:Tb nanophosphor could be a potential candidate as a green-emitting phosphor in optoelectronics and biomedical field. 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
Calcium Sulfide Based NanophosphorsA Review on Synthesis Techniques, Characterization and Applications
Calcium sulfide (CaS) is a widely investigated alkaline earth sulfide nanophosphor with promising applications in optoelectronics and biomedical fields due to its excellent photoluminescence properties. The selection of the synthesis method is a crucial factor in determining the efficacy of nanophosphors for various applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various synthesis techniques employed to develop CaS nanophosphors, including solvothermal, alkoxide, sol-gel, microwave, wet chemical co-precipitation, solid-state diffusion, and single-source precursor methods. The structural and optical properties of CaS nanophosphors are discussed in detail, highlighting the influence of different dopants on the emission color, which can be tuned from blue to red. The review also explores the potential applications of CaS nanophosphors in optoelectronics and biomedicine. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in developing CaS nanophosphors for various optoelectronic and biomedical applications, providing insights into the latest advancements and future prospects in this field. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
A comparison of in vitro cytotoxicity of undoped and doped surface modified CaS nanoparticles
In the present study we compare the cytotoxicity of undoped and doped surface modified CaS nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical co-precipitation technique using L929 human fibroblasts cell lines. The toxicity was determined by evaluating the cell viability and changes in cell morphology. In addition, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for all the samples were also compared. This analysis shows that undoped and terbium doped TEOA capped CaS nanoparticles are more biocompatible and will be better candidates for various applications in the biomedical field. 2021 Elsevier B.V. -
A Comparative Study of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of CaO Nanoparticles and rGO-CaO Nanocomposites
Recently, graphene-based materials decorated with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have gained significant interest among researchers owing to their wide range of technological applications. In this study, we synthesized reduced graphene oxide-calcium oxide nanocomposites (rGO-CaO) using a one-pot solvothermal technique. The third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CaO nanoparticles and (rGO-CaO) nanocomposites were explored by performing a single-beam Z-scan experiment. Since the samples exhibited reverse saturation absorption behavior (RSA) and a negative nonlinear index of refraction, CaO nanoparticles are promising candidates for nonlinear optical limiting and optical switching applications. Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science 2024. -
Foreground algorithms for detection and extraction of an object in multimedia
Background Subtraction of a foreground object in multimedia is one of the major preprocessing steps involved in many vision-based applications. The main logic for detecting moving objects from the video is difference of the current frame and a reference frame which is called "background image" and this method is known as frame differencing method. Background Subtraction is widely used for real-time motion gesture recognition to be used in gesture enabled items like vehicles or automated gadgets. It is also used in content-based video coding, traffic monitoring, object tracking, digital forensics and human-computer interaction. Now-a-days due to advent in technology it is noticed that most of the conferences, meetings and interviews are done on video calls. It's quite obvious that a conference room like atmosphere is not always readily available at any point of time. To eradicate this issue, an efficient algorithm for foreground extraction in a multimedia on video calls is very much needed. This paper is not to just build Background Subtraction application for Mobile Platform but to optimize the existing OpenCV algorithm to work on limited resources on mobile platform without reducing the performance. In this paper, comparison of various foreground detection, extraction and feature detection algorithms are done on mobile platform using OpenCV. The set of experiments were conducted to appraise the efficiency of each algorithm over the other. The overall performances of these algorithms were compared on the basis of execution time, resolution and resources required. 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.