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Phytochemicals for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: medicine of the future or a mirage?
Dietary polyphenols cease to be mere nutrients but have immense health enhancing and disease modifying effects. Phytochemical-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases are becoming increasingly popular. This may be attributed to the lack of long-term benefits or adverse effects of current pharmacotherapy. Polyphenols target multiple pathways and their long-term use could prove beneficial for diseases involving multiple etiological factors. While polyphenols are nontoxic and oral route is the preferred mode of administration, bioavailability in the brain is limited rendering the neuroprotective efficacy questionable. Methods employing synthetic biopolymers, nanoformulations, liposomal carriers, or conjugation have been explored to enhance the bioavailability. While results have been promising in experimental models, translation to human neurodegenerative conditions is limited. It can therefore be surmised that the present knowledge on dietary polyphenols is only the tip of the iceberg and extensive translational research is warranted to fill the gap for their therapeutic use. 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemicals of Nardostachys jatamansi as potential inhibitors of HCV E2 receptor: An in silico study
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the causative agent of acute and chronic hepatitis and can lead to liver cirrhosis. High variability in the HCV genome renders vaccine formulation strenuous. Modern pharmaceuticals rely heavily on plant-based compounds for drug production. This study focuses on in-silico screening of phytochemicals derived from an herbal plant, Nardostachys jatamansi, for the treatment of HCV by inhibiting its E2 receptor, which binds to the hepatocytes, enabling viral entry into the liver. Computer-aided drug design utilizes various tools such as molecular docking tools, including AutoDock Vina, Avogadro, PyMol, Discovery Studio Visualizer, LigPlot+, and online tools like SwissADME (Absorption, Delivery, Metabolism and Excretion) for analysis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phytochemicals. Toxicity studies were carried out using pkCSM. 25 bioactive phytochemicals of N. jatamansi were analysed. The analysis was validated by comparing the data of the phytochemicals with an established antiviral drug, ribavirin. This is a novel approach to docking studies, exploring the possibility of medicinal plants as anti-hepatic drugs. Of the 25 compounds, nardosatachysin and ?-gurjunene are the standout performers and are considered potent inhibitors of HCV E2 receptor. The two compounds are recommended for further in vivo and in vitro trials to assess their efficacy in treating HCV infection. 2024 Lalrintluanga Hnamte, et al. -
Phytochemistry and antigenotoxic properties of six ethnobotanically important members from the family Zingiberaceae
Genotoxicity is considered as a potential cause of various diseases including cancer. During the last decade, herbal extracts attained a great deal of attention due to its safe and effective applications against various DNA damaging agents. However, the mechanism of DNA strand breaks by various mutagens and genotoxins is often correlated with the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Herbal extracts constitute a number of phytochemicals and those are reported to have considerable antioxidant properties, which are in turn capable of neutralizing ROS mediated DNA damage. The botanical family Zingiberaceae is reported to have significant antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential by various researchers. Among a number of species belonging to this family, six species, namely Alpinia galanga, A. zerumbet, Curcuma amada, C. caesia, Zingiber officinale, and Z. zerumbet, attract notable attention due to their remarkable ethnobotanical and medicinal importance. This chapter deals with phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties of these six Zingiberaceous plant extracts. 2020 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriandrum sativum L. is a pharmaceutically significant herb that is used for culinary purposes and in herbal formulations. It is an annual herb from the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) with unique taxonomic characters. Generally called Dhania or kutumbari, it is cultivated worldwide for its distinct flavors and medicinal properties. Coriander is a rich reservoir of nutrients and significant biochemicals. The phenomenal healing properties of coriander can be attributed to the phytochemicals present in essential oils produced in various parts of the plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, and seed. The essential oils are rich in biochemicals like Linalool, (E)-2-decenal, 2-Decenoic acid, camphor, etc. These biomolecules altogether contribute to many pharmacological activities like analgesic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anxiolytic, diuretic, hypnotic activity. There are many scientifically proven reports to suggest its importance for usage. The present chapter summarizes the nutrition, biochemicals, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of Coriandrum sativum L as well as its cultivation and processing. 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Phytocompounds from Zingiber zerumbet can inhibit the DNA ligase activity of the pathogen Haemophilus influenza, an in silico approach /
Journal of Emerging Technologies And Innovative, Vol.6, Issue 2, pp.646-650, ISSN No: 2349-5162. -
Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of Cu doped NiO nanoparticle using cullon tomentosum plant extract with efficient antibacterial and anticancer property
In the present study, nickel oxide (NiO) and copper-doped nickel oxide (NiCuO) nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesized using Cullen tomentosum plant extract with the co-precipitation method. This work focuses on the Phyto-mediated synthesis and characterization of NPs for their biological applications. Phytochemicals that exist in the plant extract acts as reducing and capping agent. The successful formation of the NPs was validated by various analysis as XRD, FESEM, EDAX, FT-IR, UVVis, and Photoluminescence. According to XRD studies, the average crystallite size of NiO and NiCuO NPs is 36 nm and 31 nm, respectively. The river stone and nanoflower like morphology for NiO and NiCuO NPs are confirmed by FESEM image. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs were tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli) bacteria, which showed enhanced antibacterial activity of NiCuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated against human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and fibroblast L929 cell lines. Also, the IC50 value for human breast cancer cells is 11.8 ?g/mL. According to these findings, NiCuO NPs are potential nanomaterials with advanced healthcare uses. 2023 -
Phytofabricated bimetallic synthesis of silver-copper nanoparticles using Aerva lanata extract to evaluate their potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities
In this study, we demonstrate the green synthesis of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles (AgCu NPs) using Aerva lanata plant extract. These NPs possess diverse biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities. The synthesis involves the reduction of silver nitrate and copper oxide salts mediated by the plant extract, resulting in the formation of crystalline AgCu NPs with a face-centered cubic structure. Characterization techniques confirm the presence of functional groups from the plant extract, acting as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized NPs exhibit uniform-sized spherical morphology ranging from 7 to 12nm. They demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting extracellular polysaccharide secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The AgCu NPs also exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against cancerous HeLa cell lines, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.63gmL?1. Additionally, they demonstrate strong antioxidant potential, including reducing capability and H2O2 radical scavenging activity, particularly at high concentrations (240gmL?1). Overall, these results emphasize the potential of A. lanata plant metabolite-driven NPs as effective agents against infectious diseases and cancer. 2024, The Author(s). -
Phytogenic CeO2-Sm2O3 nanocomposites with enhanced catalytic activity for reduction of 4-nitrophenol
The phytogenic synthesized CeO2-Sm2O3 is a green, efficient and cost-effective catalyst. The CeO2-Sm2O3 composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, Raman, TGA, UV-DRS, TEM, FE-SEM and EDAX. The synthesized CeO2-Sm2O3 shows a high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of the sodium borohydride under ambient conditions. This CeO2-Sm2O3 nanocomposite catalyst shows good stability and reusability without much loss in conversion efficiency. CeO2-Sm2O3 possess great prospects in the reduction of nitro organic pollutants in water. 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. -
Phytogenic synthesis and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nano bow ties (ZnO NBTs): An experimental and computational study
Phytogenic synthesis is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach for producing nanoscale particles, using biological entities such as plants and their byproducts. In this study, Allium sativum extract was selected as a capping and reducing agent due to the presence of phytochemicals such as allicin, diallyl disulfide (DADS), vinyl dithiins, ajoene (E- and Z-ajoene), diallyl trisulfide (DATS), and thiol (sulfhydryl) groups. The resulting ZnO Nano Bow Ties (ZnO NBTs) were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, DLS, zeta potential, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the size, morphology, and crystallinity. The obtained XRD, SEM, and DLS results suggested an average longitudinal length of ?372 nm with a maximum lateral width of ?64 nm and a Bow Tie shape. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was employed to elucidate the prominent phytochemical constituents of the Allium sativum extract. Preliminary antibacterial assays reveal significant inhibition zones and growth inhibition effects against gram-negative bacteria of both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, suggesting the promising antimicrobial potential of these ZnO NBTs. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the cone-shaped ZnO NBTs bind strongly to the active sites of the target proteins with binding affinities of ?36.20 and ?32.14 kcal/mol for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli respectively, which correlates with their activities. The ZnO NBTs complexes formed stronger hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of Escherichia coli than with Klebsiella pneumoniae. This integrated experimental and computational study underscores the potential of the use of ZnO NBTs as a sustainable and effective strategy to combat bacterial pathogens. The findings of this study indicate that efficient morphology (shape) is a major contributor to the protein binding affinities of ZnO NBTs, with promising implications for the design of antibacterial drugs in nanomedicine. 2024 The Authors -
Phytonanotechnology for the Removal of Pollutants from the Contaminated Soil Environment
Over-consumption of chemically synthesized components aids country toward industrial revolution, which symbolizes for economic prosperity. On the other hand, industrial revolution is responsible for soil pollution, due to its toxic effluents. The main source of soil pollutants includes fertilizers, pesticides, untreated wastewater used for irrigation, land application of sewage sludge due to rich organic content, petroleum leakage and leaching from landfills, etc. The crops grown out of this contaminated soil make the plant to changes its nutritional valve, bioaccumulates the chemicals, and also hinder with its vigor. Studies proved that prevent measures should prioritize in minimizing the adverse effect on the environment. Use of Phyto-nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, as nano fertilizer, nanotechnology-based biocontrol agents, and other areas before the hazardous chemicals entering soil. Green synthesized nanoparticles assist as excellent bio remedial agents as they are rich in biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and several enzymes also deter-mine its efficacy of action. Hence, this chapter highlights the various eco-friendly and inexpensive products or formulation used for removal of toxic and recalcitrant materials which are dreadfully risky to human health. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Pi-MnO2 decorated poly-3-thienylacetic acid on carbon fiber paper for electrochemical synthesis of 2-formyl-thiophene
Sustainable and environmentally benign synthesis methods have captured researchers' minds in recent times and have contributed a lot towards the green synthesis of organic compounds. This work presents an efficient green method for synthesizing 2-formyl thiophene using a newly designed Pi-MnO2 deposited on poly-3-thienylacetic acid coated Toray carbon fiber paper (PThAA-Pi-MnO2-TCFP) electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and bulk electrolysis (BE) techniques were employed for the optimization and synthesis of 2-formyl thiophene and the product obtained was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) spectroscopy. The efficacy of the developed electrode was examined by different electrochemical and physicochemical studies. It is an intriguing approach for the 4-acetamido-TEMPO (4-ACT) mediated, PThAA-Pi-MnO2-TCFP catalyzed electro-oxidation of thiophene-2-ylmethanol (TM). This method is handy and reasonably practical since the developed electrocatalyst is inexpensive, and the synthesis is environmentally benign. Hence it is a highly efficient method for synthesizing 2-formyl thiophene, a much sought-after starting material in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and cosmetics. 2023 -
PICTURE PROCESSING ON ISOMETRIC FUZZY REGULAR ARRAY LANGUAGES
Isometric array grammar is one of the simplest model to generate picture languages, since both sides of its production rule have the same shape. In this paper, we have introduced isometric fuzzy regular array grammars to generate isometric fuzzy regular array languages and discussed its closure properties. Also, the relation between isometric fuzzy regular array grammar and boustrophedon fuzzy finite automata has been discussed. Moreover, we study the relation between two dimensional fuzzy regular grammars with returning fuzzy finite automata and boustrophedon fuzzy finite automata. Further, the hierarchy results of these three classes of languages have been discussed. 2024 KSCAM. -
Pilot Study on Adoption and Usage of AI in Food Processing Industry by UTAUT2
Artificial intelligence (AI) improves the efficiency of work and effectiveness in the output. Currently, food processing industries have started using AI in their business operations. It is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the adoption and usage of AI systems in food processing industries. Therefore, this paper validates the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) in the context of the food processing industry. This study applied AI to the food processing industries in the Bengaluru region. The study's objective is to build a clear vision of the factors that affect the user acceptance and behaviour intention of the user by pilot test. The pilot survey collected 62 responses through the questionnaire. The respondents were employees from the food processing industries in Bengaluru. The reliability test of the questionnaire was done by using Jamovi 2.3.16 software. The questionnaire was tested in three ways: Cronbach Alpha, McDonalds Omega, and Inter-rater reliability. The results of the entire test were reliable since overall Cronbach Alpha of 0.874, which is within the range of 0.800.90, and considered good internal consistency. Similarly, McDonalds Omega is within the range of 0.800.90, which is excellent consistency, and Inter-rater reliability is within the range of moderately acceptable scores from 50 to 75%. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Pink floyd's time: An aural metanarrative exploring time through form, lyric, and musical arrangement
The inability of language to capture the essence of time is a crisis that has been expressed by philosophers starting from St. Augustine to Paul Ricoeur. Appearing on their seminal album, Dark Side of the Moon, Pink Floyd's Time is a profound artistic attempt which transcends this language barrier by using music to bring the listeners to a more direct confrontation with time; doing so by juxtaposing time as calibrated and as experienced through the music and the lyrics, and by making the reader experience time-based affects such as impatience, expectation, monotony, and such. As a direct function of song, time is experienced as musical time in the song, thereby ensuring that the listener's confrontation with time is immersive, with lyrics that describe the nature of experienced and calibrated time working synchronously with the music to complete the image. In the context of its release in 1974, the 6:52 minute song was in engagement with the concept of time as well, in that it was among the pioneering ones which redefined radio broadcast time beyond the standard 3 minutes afforded to popular music tracks, with the commercially preferred listener span in mind. The matter of time thus becomes a multi-layered formal engagement in the song, at the level of lyric, recording, music and listening, thereby making possible an image of time that is polished and rounded. These aural, lyrical and production-based concepts will be addressed and expanded upon to show how Pink Floyd's Time functions as a metanarrative in how it uses and invokes the elements of time to talk about time. AesthetixMS 2020. -
Piperine, an alkaloid of black pepper seeds can effectively inhibit the antiviral enzymes of Dengue and Ebola viruses, an in silico molecular docking study
Ebola and Dengue are the critical diseases caused by RNA viruses, especially in the tropical parts of the globe, including Asia and Africa, and no prominent therapeutic options are available so far. Here, an effort was made to evaluate the efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) alkaloid Piperine as a potential drug through computational docking simulation. Eight structurally essential proteins of Dengue and Ebola virus were selected as in silico docking targets for Piperine. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion profile showed that Piperine was safe and possessed significant drug-like properties. Molecular dynamic simulation and binding free energy calculation showed that Piperine could inhibit Methyltransferase (PDB id 1L9K) of Dengue and VP35 Interferon Inhibitory Domain (PDB id 3FKE) of Ebola virus in comparison with the commercial antiviral Ribavirin. Furthermore, statistical analysis based on multivariate and clustering approaches revealed that Piperine had more affinity towards viral proteins than that of Ribavirin. 2020, Indian Virological Society. -
Pixels to Pathogens: A Deep Learning Approach to Plant Pathology Detection
It is known that accurately identifying, early and timely treatment and elimination of the plant diseases is essential for crop protection and healthy crop growth. In traditional or conventional methods, identification and classification were done by testing in laboratories or through visual inspection by farmers. Now going through the testing in labs is very time consuming, while the visual inspection requires enough experience and knowledge. To solve this problem, our study proposes a robust plant pathogen detection method based on a Deep Learning approach on a large dataset containing about 38 categories of different species like Maize, Potatoes, Tomatoes, Bell Pepper, Peach, Strawberry etc. and diseases like rust, molds, blight (late and early). This crop disease detection model leverages the power of the EfficientNetB3 architecture, a state-of-art convolutional neural network(CNN). The main backbone is served by EfficientNetB3and then it is fine-tuned using different hyperparameters and other regularization techniques like weight decay, dropout method and optimizers like RAdam,to enhance the overall accuracy coupled with dynamic learning rate adjustment. In the testing set of the dataset, the proposed model shows encouraging accuracy of about 99.25%, high precision of about 97.35%. A thorough evaluation of the model's functionality is given by the help of training and validation line chart and loss chart that gives the in-depth information on the prediction. And then we implemented the detection model in our mobile application whose interface screen shots are given below. In the application the image can be taken by camera or fed from folders and it will detect the type of disease. 2024 IEEE. -
Place-based strategies, multichannel merger, and context-driven alerts for engagement with mobile marketing
Mobile marketing is essential for timely, personalized communication in the digital world. Engagement is increased by location-based strategies like geofencing and context-driven notifications. Integrating social media improves ties with customers. In the digital age, multi-channel integration guarantees a smooth and personalized experience. As per the authors, this chapter explores how location-based suggestions, context-driven notifications, and multi-channel integration enhance client connections while highlighting the significance of geolocation data for targeted content. For context-driven notifications to be effective, helpfulness and privacy must be balanced. Companies create stronger relationships with their consumers and improve the customer experience, which motivates both present and new customers to engage and connect with their brand. An analysis is conducted on the changing field of mobile marketing, emphasizing the use of location-based tactics, multi-channel integration, and context-driven notifications to increase user engagement. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Planetary Ball Milling and Tailoring of the Optoelectronic Properties of Monophase SnSe Nanoparticles
Downscaling of tin monoselenide (SnSe) samples to the nanometer regime (~8020nm) without affecting the structure, homogeneity, and optoelectronic properties was carried out by high-energy planetary ball milling (BM). The milling rate was varied from 200rpm to 800rpm by adopting a dry and wet-grinding top-down approach on customized stoichiometric SnSe precursors. The degree of crystallinity was assessed by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and selected area electron diffraction. The lattice parameters, a = 4.435 b = 11.498 and c = 4.148 of the nanoparticles were calculated from the PXRD data. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the chemical homogeneity (49.88:51.12 at.%) of the samples. The effects of rotational velocity as well as mode of grinding on the morphology and the size of SnSe powders were investigated using electron microscopes. The direct optical transition with band gap varied from 1.75eV to 2.28eV was elucidated from UV-Vis-NIR data. Photoluminescence revealed an increase in the intensity of the emission peak at 462.97nm with angular velocities for both types of grinding. The variation of electrical resistivity (36107 ? cm) and mobility (3.451.12 cm2/Vs) with rotational speed was calculated for all the samples. The results obtained for the ball-milled nanoparticles pave the way towards the reduction of particle size, formation of stable morphology, and appreciable crystalline structure quality suitable for solar cell absorbers. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2023, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. -
Planned fashion obsolescence in the light of supply chain uncertainty
Fast fashion has popularised the phenomenon of perceived obsolescence whereby customers try to stay in line with the current fashion trends in the market even though the apparel they own are in perfect condition. This has ultimately led the fashion industry to become the second largest polluter in the world. The primary objective of this research paper is to comprehend how the media manoeuvres customers to indulge in fast fashion and how that in turn leads to uncertainty in the supply chain. To understand this, a maximum variation sampling method was adopted which consisted of customers, supply chain partners and marketers. In order to draw a parallel between the variables researched in the past and the present day scenario, an interview schedule was employed. Through the variables selected with the help of Dedoose, a model was created to identify the hurdles faced by suppliers as well as the customer in the fast fashion cycle. The results found that the power to break the fast fashion phenomenon lay in the hands of the media as it is through them that customers' perception can be altered. The importance of artificial intelligence in SCM and the modern tools used in industry 4.0 have also been discussed. 2020 Allied Business Academies. -
Plano framework for graph indexing - A statistical analysis
Graph Mining is becoming one of the most dominant fields of research. There are plenty methods to index, re-index and to search the features throughout the index but still from the literature study there is no specific frame work which can sum up all three so that indexing and updating the index with new feature can be done in consistent intervals according to the arrival of new features. PLANO is the frame work which has the latest algorithms to look into the data and index. In this paper, Time and Memory efficiency of the proposed algorithms in the PLANO framework is tested statistically and compared with the existing algorithms memory and time usage. Research India Publications.