Browse Items (14421 total)
Sort by:
-
Women chefs in Indian hospitality industry: Challenges and strategies /
International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol.4, Issue 7, pp.117-132, ISSN No: 2231-5063. -
1-Edge contraction: Total vertex stress and confluence number
This paper introduces certain relations between 1-edge contraction and the total vertex stress and the confluence number of a graph. A main result states that if a graph G with ?(G) = k ? 2 has an edge vivj and a ?-set CG such that vi, vj ? CG then, ?(G/vivj) = k ? 1. In general, either S(G/ei) ? S(G/ej) or S(G/ej) ? S(G/ei) is true. This observation leads to an investigation into the question: for which edge(s) ei will S(G/ei) = max{S(G/ej): ej ? E(G)} and for which edge(s) will S(G/ej) = min{S(G/e`): e` ? E(G)}? 2024 Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. -
1-Normal DRA for insertion languages
Restarting automaton is a type of regulated rewriting system, introduced as a model for analysis by reduction. It is a linguistically motivated method for checking the correctness of a sentence. In this paper, we introduce a new definition of normal restarting automaton in which only one substring is removed using the DEL operation in a cycle. This DEL operation is applied to reverse the insertion operation in an insertion grammar. We use this 1-normal restarting automaton to solve the membership problem of insertion languages. Further, we introduce some interesting closure properties of 1-normal restarting automata. 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. -
10-camphor sulfonic acid: A simple and efficient organocatalyst to access anti-SARS-COV-2 Benzoxanthene derivatives
10-Camphor sulfonic acid (10-CSA) has gained popularity as an organocatalyst due to its broad range of solubility and user-friendliness. Affordable multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of benzoxanthenes (4a-4 h) (5a-5i) are presented in this work. Extensive investigations and records have been conducted on the diverse biological features exhibited by xanthenes and benzoxanthenones, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Using ?-naphthol, dimedone, and aldehydes, we demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalytic method. Under ideal circumstances, the 10-CSA catalyzes one-pot reaction, procuring impressive amounts of benzoanthenes (8595 %). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A wide variety of suitable chemicals, simple work-up procedures, and solvent-free synthesis outperforms numerous existing methods for procuring biologically relevant benzoxanthene derivatives are some of the interesting features of this organocatalyzed bronsted acid process. Therefore this synthesis is industrially inevitable. Furthermore, computational studies such as molecular docking and ADMET data analysis were performed on a number of the synthesized benzoxanthene molecules. This has led to the identification of the most potent synthetic against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Additionally, to mimic how medicinal compounds interact to target proteins, computational docking and dynamics techniques were used. These studies showed that, in terms of binding affinity and other crucial traits, 4a, 4b, and 5a are potential possibilities. Overall, the current study should be of great help in the development of benzoxanthene analogs which can be potential drugs for treatment of COVID-19. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
10-camphor sulfonic acid: A simple and efficient organocatalyst to access anti-SARS-COV-2 Benzoxanthene derivatives
10-Camphor sulfonic acid (10-CSA) has gained popularity as an organocatalyst due to its broad range of solubility and user-friendliness. Affordable multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of benzoxanthenes (4a-4 h) (5a-5i) are presented in this work. Extensive investigations and records have been conducted on the diverse biological features exhibited by xanthenes and benzoxanthenones, such as their antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory capabilities.Using ?-naphthol, dimedone, and aldehydes, we demonstrate a cost-effective and environmentally friendly catalytic method. Under ideal circumstances, the 10-CSA catalyzes one-pot reaction, procuring impressive amounts of benzoanthenes (8595 %). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. A wide variety of suitable chemicals, simple work-up procedures, and solvent-free synthesis outperforms numerous existing methods for procuring biologically relevant benzoxanthene derivatives are some of the interesting features of this organocatalyzed bronsted acid process. Therefore this synthesis is industrially inevitable. Furthermore, computational studies such as molecular docking and ADMET data analysis were performed on a number of the synthesized benzoxanthene molecules. This has led to the identification of the most potent synthetic against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Additionally, to mimic how medicinal compounds interact to target proteins, computational docking and dynamics techniques were used. These studies showed that, in terms of binding affinity and other crucial traits, 4a, 4b, and 5a are potential possibilities. Overall, the current study should be of great help in the development of benzoxanthene analogs which can be potential drugs for treatment of COVID-19. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
2-(6-Chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazol-1-yl-idene)propanedinitrile
The molecular conformation of the title compound, C15H 10ClN3, is stabilized by an intramolecular N-H?N hydrogen bond with an S(7) ring motif. The crystal packing is controlled by N-H?N and C-H?N intermolecular interactions. One of the methylene groups of the cyclohexene ring is disordered over two positions with refined occupancies of 0.457 (12) and 0.543 (12). -
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) Radical Mediated Electro-Oxidation Reactions: A Review
Over the last few decades, the interest in green and sustainable chemistry has led to the development of different synthetic methodologies which utilize clean reagents. In that direction, the electro-oxidation reactions are considered as one of the most interesting and promising methods. This is predominantly due to their environmentally benign nature, as oxidation can be achieved without the need for commonly used oxidizing agents. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl radical commonly known as TEMPO is a stable aminoxyl radical utilized for the oxidation of various classes of alcohols to carbonyl compounds by using cyclic voltammetry. The present review focuses on the various electrochemical reactions utilizing TEMPO as a mediator such as the oxidative conversion of alcohols, carbohydrates, amines, sulphur-containing compounds, and alkenes in both laboratory as well as industrial scales and covers literature from 1950 till present date. The properties, reactivity, and yield percentages of these reactions would provide a basis for better electrocatalyst design in future studies involving TEMPO and its derivatives as mediators. 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH -
21st Century Teacher Educator
Golden Research Thoughts, Vol. 2, Issue 11, pp. 40-45, ISSN No. 2231-5063 -
2D Materials Coated Flexible Origami for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting
Wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming more popular for sustainable energy generation from waves. Concerning the renewable energy demands, we focus on developing cost-effective and adaptable origami-TENGs (O-TENGs) for harvesting wave energy, specifically utilizing paper-based (cellulose) materials. An origami-inspired lightweight and scalable design is proposed to create high-performance O-TENGs suitable for the complex conditions of low-frequency wave excitation. The paper-based spring-like O-TENG is coated with two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and demonstrates efficacy in harvesting mechanical energy in the ambient environment and the output performance compared with reduced graphene oxides (rGO). A detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism in the coated origami structures. Furthermore, a barrel-shaped floating generator incorporating multiple origami TENGs is introduced to capture ocean wave energy across various frequencies, amplitudes, and directional movements. Since the coated origami structures show a good self-rebounding spring-like nature and energy harvesting properties, they are suitable for blue energy harvesting. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
2D Materials Coated Flexible Origami for Low-Frequency Energy Harvesting
Wave energy is one of the most abundant energy sources. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming more popular for sustainable energy generation from waves. Concerning the renewable energy demands, we focus on developing cost-effective and adaptable origami-TENGs (O-TENGs) for harvesting wave energy, specifically utilizing paper-based (cellulose) materials. An origami-inspired lightweight and scalable design is proposed to create high-performance O-TENGs suitable for the complex conditions of low-frequency wave excitation. The paper-based spring-like O-TENG is coated with two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and demonstrates efficacy in harvesting mechanical energy in the ambient environment and the output performance compared with reduced graphene oxides (rGO). A detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to analyze the charge transfer mechanism in the coated origami structures. Furthermore, a barrel-shaped floating generator incorporating multiple origami TENGs is introduced to capture ocean wave energy across various frequencies, amplitudes, and directional movements. Since the coated origami structures show a good self-rebounding spring-like nature and energy harvesting properties, they are suitable for blue energy harvesting. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
2D Metal-based Electrocatalysts: Properties and Applications
Metallic nanostructures with thickness ranging from a single atom up to 100 nanometers fall under the category of 2D metals. The modified electronic band structure due to quantum confinement effects leads to intriguing electrical and electronic properties. Moreover, the properties can be further altered by variations in their shape, thickness, and lateral size. The exceptionally high surface area to volume ratio of 2D metals and stretchability are beneficial in electrocatalysis. The exposed atoms on the outer surface of 2D metals with low coordination numbers, possess unique properties, forming numerous active sites on the surface. As a result, 2D metals demonstrate a high ability towards the activation of small molecules, including O2, H2, CO2, HCOOH, CH3OH, C2H5OH, etc. This exceptional oxidation reactivity enables 2D metals to be excellent electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and oxidation of small molecules (formic acid, methanol, and ethanol) for fuel-cell applications. As the localized surface plasmon resonance (SPRs) is sensitive to the size/shape of plasmonic 2D metals, the optical absorption enabled by SPRs offers additional advantages for photo-electrocatalytic processes. The stability of highly active catalytic 2D metals presents a challenge due to the propensity of metal surfaces with high reactivity to undergo oxidation. Recent developments in the synthesis, properties, and applications of 2D metal nanostructures for electrocatalytic processes are discussed. The challenges and opportunities in the electrocatalytic application of 2D metal nanostructures have been summarized. 2025 Ram K. Gupta. -
2D MnTe/rGO Hybrid Structure for Moisture Energy Harvesting
The development and widespread use of wind, solar, geothermal, and other renewable energy sources have increased the supply of clean, green electricity while reducing environmental strain. Extracting renewable energy from continuously available humid air is a potential pathway for a sustainable future. Here, we explore the use of two-dimensional (2D) manganese telluride (MnTe) hybrid structures with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for absorbing moisture and atmospheric humidity. The resistance of the 2D hybrid structures increases with moisture exposure and decreases upon moisture removal, suggesting their suitability for humidity-controlled power devices. The optimized thickness of the composites exhibits the highest response under moisture exposure due to the interfacial charge transfer. The MnTe/rGO hybrid structure also absorbs a low amount of moisture from ambient humid (RH ? 90%) air, resulting in electrical output up to ?125 mV within ?15 s. Furthermore, the study hints at the potential of 2D MnTe for energy harvesting from moisture and sustainable power sources. We used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the systems ability to transfer charge. In situ Raman spectroscopy and imaging techniques further confirm the effect of moisture on a hybrid surface. These findings lay the foundation for developing an efficient nanogenerator that can find applications in wearable electronics and environmental monitoring systems. The study contributes to materials science and offers a pathway towards developing sustainable and efficient electronic devices and environmental monitoring systems. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
2D Photonic Crystal for the Detection of Infectious Virus and Bacterial Diseases
In this paper, photonic crystal (PhC) sensor for analysis and modelling for viral and bacterial detection is proposed. Optical biosensors detect cancer, Bacillus cereus, malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, etc. Optical biosensors work by shifting the peak resonance wavelength with modest refractive index changes. Because viral pathogens rapidly mutate and replicate in the human cell nucleus, sensors that offer accurate results for viral and bacterial diseases in seconds are in high demand. Hence, optical biosensors provide fast, sensitive results. The sensor detects influenza H1N1, hepatitis B (HBV), and typhoid, respectively. A maximum sensitivity of 443.33nm/RIU with a quality factor of 1309 is obtained. Simulations are performed using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
2D Photonic Crystal Nano Biosensor with IoT Intelligence
Optical biosensors based on photonic crystals (PCs) offer interesting possibilities for the analysis and identification of bioanalytes. PC is a periodically varying artificial dielectric material that determines the propagation of modes present in the structure. Within dielectric media, there are modes that are selected based on structural perturbations. Changes in the refractive index of biological analytes are used to identify biological samples and are therefore used as sensing media in many applications. Because these PC sensors are designed in the nano range, they have excellent selectivity and sensitivity. The PC is ultra-compact and only small amounts of analyte are required for bioanalyte detection. Quantification of bioanalytes and biochemicals is one of the greatest challenges in the medical and diagnostic fields. However, these electronic devices cannot be directly connected to biological analytes, so the most difficult task is to extract the analyte information and convert it into electronic signals. Optical biosensors offer an attractive way to interrogate the content of bioanalytes because they directly convert biological events into electrical signals. It is also called a self-contained integrated physical medium because of its many applications such as food industry, drug delivery, point-of-care diagnostic sensing devices, and environmental monitoring. Based on the analyte placed on the PC sensor, resonant wavelengths are observed and the measurements are stored in a database. Diseases are identified based on the current users cognitive value, and data is transmitted and monitored over the Internet of Things. 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
2D Pnictogens for Biosensing and Imaging Applications
2D pnictogens are considered the most promising nano agents among the family of 2D materials. The pnictogens contain phosphorus, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthine. It has inherent tunable midrange band gaps and unparalleled mobility. It is popular due to its efficient photothermal behavior, loading capability the drug, high charge carrier mobility, in-plane anisotropic properties and less toxicity. The pnictogens nanosheet is obtained by using the Shear exfoliation method. The exfoliation is feasible when there is the existence of weak van der Waals forces between individual layers and during covalent interactions between layers, these elements will adopt the rhombohedral structure. Raman spectroscopy acts as the molecular fingerprints in identifying the number of layers and temperature dependence peak shift of pnictogen substances. The biosensor device can be made by using a layer-by-layer method for each pnictogen, cross-linking agent, and enzyme. Pnictogens can be employed in the application of photothermal therapy (PTT) to overcome the hinder which is because of the lack of efficient cell perception and cell toxicity. It can be used in biomedical applications to make the candidates absorb the ultraviolet and infrared lights as preferable. It can also be used in Biosensors, diagnosis, therapy and in anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, neurodegenerative treatment, and tissue repair. Pnictogen has many advantages in the application of biosensing and imaging techniques, but the main disadvantage of pnictogens are low thermal and chemical stability and degradation in ambient conditions. Therefore, this chapter focuses on different characteristics and various applications of pnictogen. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
3-Sequent achromatic sum of graphs
Three vertices x,y,z in a graph G are said to be 3-sequent if xy and yz are adjacent edges in G. A 3-sequent coloring (3s coloring) is a function ?: V (G) ?{1, 2,...,k} such that if x,y and z are 3-sequent vertices, then either ?(x) = ?(y) or ?(y) = ?(z) (or both). The 3-sequent achromatic number of a graph G, denoted ?3s(G), equals the maximum number of colors that can be used in a coloring of the vertices' of G such that if xy and yz are any two sequent edges in G, then either x or z is colored the same as y. The 3-sequent achromatic sum of a graph G, denoted a'3s(G), is the greatest sum of colors among all proper 3s-coloring that requires ?3s(G) colors. This research initiates the study of 3-sequent achromatic sum and finds the exact values of this parameter for some known graphs. Furthermore, we calculate the a'3s(G) of corona product, Cartesian product of the graphs and some important results have been proved and a comparative study is carried out. 2021 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
3D CNN-Based Classification of Severity in COVID-19 Using CT Images
With the pandemic worldwide due to COVID-19, several detections and diagnostic methods have been in place. One of the standard modes of detection is computed tomography imaging. With the availability of computing resources and powerful GPUs, the analyses of extensive image data have been possible. Our proposed work initially deals with the classification of CT images as normal and infected images, and later, from the infected data, the images are classified based on their severity. The proposed work uses a 3D convolution neural network model to extract all the relevant features from the CT scan images. The results are also compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms. The proposed work is evaluated in accuracy, precision, recall, kappa value, and Intersection over Union. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 94.234% and a kappa value of 0.894. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
3D face recognition based on symbolic FDA using SVM classifier with similarity and dissimilarity distance measure
Human face images are the basis not only for person recognition, but for also identifying other attributes like gender, age, ethnicity, and emotional states of a person. Therefore, face is an important biometric identifier in the law enforcement and human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. The 3D human face recognition is emerging as a significant biometric technology. Research interest into 3D face recognition has increased during recent years due to availability of improved 3D acquisition devices and processing algorithms. A 3D face image is represented by 3D meshes or range images which contain depth information. In this paper, the objective is to propose a new 3D face recognition method based on radon transform and symbolic factorial discriminant analysis using KNN and SVM classifier with similarity and dissimilarity measures, which are applied on 3D facial range images. The experimentation is done using three publicly available databases, namely, Bhosphorus, Texas and CASIA 3D face database. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company. -
3D face recognition based on symobolic FDA using SVM classifier with similarity and dissimilarity distance measure /
International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 31, Issue 4, ISSN: 1793-6381. -
3D face reconstruction techniques: Passive methods
In the recent literature, 3D face reconstruction received wide interest and has become one of the significant areas of research. 3D face reconstruction provides in depth details on geometrics, texture and color of the face, which are utilized in different applications. It supports a multitude of applications, ranging from face recognition and surveillance to medical imaging, gaming, animation, and virtual reality. This paper attempts to consolidate the research works that have happened in the history of 3D face reconstruction. Also, we try to classify the existing methods based on the input for the process. The databases used in the recent works are discussed and the performance evaluation of methods on different databases is analyzed. The challenges addressed in recent studies are mainly focused on the faster reconstruction of 3D Images, improved accuracy of reconstructed images, human pose identification, image reproduction with higher resolution. Researchers have also tried to address occlusion related problems. Passive methods, used by different researchers are analyzed and their effects on different parameters are discussed in this work. Finally, possible future areas for improvement in terms of reconstructions are presented for the benefit of researchers. BEIESP.