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Insinuating cocktailed components in biocompatible-nanoparticles could act as an impressive neo-adjuvant strategy to combat COVID-19
The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread, freezes all sectors, and was declared as a life-threatening disease by the World Health Organization on Jan 30, 2020. So far, no specific drugs are identified or approved for treating SARS-CoV-2. In the past few years, nanomaterials are in the limelight for their ability to deliver the drugs effectively and selectively like siRNA to target/prime infection sites, and benefits us to visualize the particular regions, treatment reactions via non-intruding imaging techniques. As intranasal delivery interacts directly to the infection site with minimal side effects on the healthy cell, we postulate to administer a mixture of few polyherbal formulations like the golden spice curcumin, sitopaladi churna (SPC), and kaempferol in zein-chitosan nanoparticles as a life-saving measure for treating Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. This viewpoint will shed light on the antiviral role of curcumin, SPC, and kaempferol zein-chitosan nanoparticle to modulate immune responses and observe its curative approach to the current pandemic COVID. 2021, Visagaa Publishing House. All rights reserved. -
Instigating the mixed phases of cobalt oxide in nanowires for electrolysis of urea-based water
The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a more energy-efficient alternative to water splitting, with a lower theoretical potential of 0.37 V and the possibility of using urea-based wastewater as an electrolyte. In this study, phosphorus/boron-incorporated cobalt oxide nanowires supported on nickel foam (P,B-CoxOy NW@NF) are synthesized by hydrothermal and reduction methods as an electrocatalyst for UOR. The P,B-CoxOy NW@NF demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic performance with a low UOR potential of 1.33 V at 50 mA/cm2 in alkaline media. Comprehensive structural and morphological analyses reveal the formation of mixed Co3O4-CoO phases with abundant oxygen vacancies (Ov) and Co2+ species, which synergistically enhance conductivity and provide ideal surroundings for active M?OOH species formation. In-situ electrochemical kinetic studies highlight the superior catalytic activity of P,B-CoxOy NW@NF, attributed to a high density of active sites, improved reactant adsorption, and efficient desorption of byproducts, including CO2. The catalyst exhibits excellent long-term stability with minimal degradation of 7 % over 100 h of continuous chronoamperometry testing and 2 % loss after 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, the activity of P,B-CoxOy NW@NF is evaluated in alkaline natural cow urine, requiring just 1.35 V at 50 mA/cm2 for UOR, demonstrating its practical relevance for real-world applications. These findings showcase the significant potential of P,B-CoxOy NW@NF as a scalable and stable electrocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen production from wastewater. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Instruments for measuring Digital Citizenship Competence in schools: a scoping review
The integration of digital technology into the teaching and learning process has both good and negative consequences. Several schools have incorporated digital citizenship to teach the responsible use of technology. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an overview of research on tools for measuring digital citizenship competency among school children. This scoping study focuses on three main areas: (a) defining digital citizenship and competency; (b) instrument development and characteristics; and (c) key findings. The main outcomes of this research may help students, teachers, and school administrators implement digital citizenship education programs in schools. Italian e-Learning Association. -
Insurance Data Analysis with COGNITO: An Auto Analysing and Storytelling Python Library
Data pre-processing has taken an enhanced role with the advent of Machine learning. It is a vital element that forms the encore of the data science and business analytics process. Data pre-processing involves generating descriptive statistical summary, data cleaning, and data manipulation based on inputs gained after the initial analysis. Of late, it has been observed that data science practitioners spend 45% to 50% of their time cleaning and processing the data. Much time can be saved if the data transformation process can be automated. The COGNITO framework helps in performing the automated feature engineering and data storytelling of the dataset based on end-user discretion. The present work discusses the process and results obtained when automated feature engineering was performed on an insurance dataset using COGNITO. 2021 IEEE. -
Insuretech: Saviour of insurance sector in India
Technology in finance has propelled financial literacy and inclusiveness and may give the insurance sector an edge to reach its potential consumers. The current study aimed to identify the role of Fintech in transforming the insurance sector and improving the penetration rate in India. With the descriptive research design, the study collects the primary data through a survey technique targeting the general public and personnel in the insurance sector as a study population. A conceptual model is proposed to understand the interlink between consumer attitude towards Insurance, factors influencing their decision, and the role of Fintech in bridging the gap in insurance penetration. This study focuses on three areas, namely health insurance, life insurance, and vehicle insurance. The study's findings reveal that the insurtech will significantly improve the efficiency of the insurance sector which will result in significant financial performance. 2024 Srinesh Thakur, Anvita Electronics, 16-11-762, Vijetha Golden Empire, Hyderabad. -
Integral role of blockchain and artificial intelligence in sustainable economic development
Blockchain technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) play variety of roles in sustainable economic growth tackling a range of social, economic, and environmental issues. AI boosts labor productivity and propels economic growth by automating processes and increasing productivity across industries. Transparency in transactions is guaranteed by blockchain's decentralized and unchangeable structure, which is essential for sustainable business processes. Since they foster social inclusion, economic prosperity, and environmental sustainability, blockchain and AI are in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Ultimately, AI and blockchain are formidable tools that advance sustainable economic growth. Their unique set of abilities provides ground-breaking ways to improve performance, inclusion, and transparency across a wide range of industries. Keeping in view the above, this chapter analyzes the integral role of blockchain and AI in enhancing sustainable economic development. It explores the legal framework concerning the usage of blockchain and AI in several regions and countries. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Integral Transforms andGeneralized Quotient Space ontheTorus
In this chapter, we discuss one of the recent generalization of Schwartz distributions that has significantly influenced the expansion of various mathematical disciplines. Here, we study the space of generalized quotient on the torus. Different integral transforms are investigated on the space of generalized quotients on the torus BS?(Td). The space BS?(Td) is made of both distributions as well as space of hyperfunctions on the torus. Further, by introducing the relation between the Fourier and other integral transforms, the conditional theorems are proved for generalized quotients on tours. Moreover, we study the convergence structure of delta-convergence on the generalized quotient space, and an inversion theorem is proved. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Integrated 3D-Printed Detector for Rapid Near-IR Turn-On Colorimetric and Fluorescent Detection of Phosgene
Phosgene is a widely used yet highly hazardous compound that poses serious risks to human health and public safety due to its potential for misuse and accidental release. Therefore, developing an accurate and highly sensitive detection method is of critical importance. In this work, we have synthesized a sulfo-cyanine-based dye (CyNH) for the selective rapid detection (<1 min) of phosgene by Near-IR turn-on colorimetric and fluorescence responses. Notably, CyNH exhibited a 3-fold fluorescence enhancement at 756 nm accompanied by a distinct color change from light blue to dark blue by the appearance of strong absorption signal at 600 nm, with a detection limit of 1.17 ?M. To enable on-site detection, a 3D-printed sensor of the CyNH-coated 3D-printed substrate was developed, which shows visible color changes upon exposure to phosgene. Furthermore, integration of this sensor with a smartphone camera and its processing capabilities allows for real-time quantification of phosgene concentrations by eliminating the need for costly analytical instruments. To the best of our knowledge, the development of an NIR probe enabling dual colorimetric and fluorescent NIR detection of phosgene using a 3D-printed sensor is scarcely reported. This innovative 3D-printed, smartphone-assisted sensing platform offers a practical and sustainable approach for future phosgene detection applications in various fields. 2026 American Chemical Society -
Integrated Approach of Brain Disorder Analysis by Using Deep Learning Based on DNA Sequence
In order to research brain problems using MRI, PET, and CT neuroimaging, a correct understanding of brain function is required. This has been considered in earlier times with the support of traditional algorithms. Deep learning process has also been widely considered in these genomics data processing system. In this research, brain disorder illness incliding Alzheimer's disease, Schizophrenia and Parkinson's diseaseis is analyzed owing to misdetection of disorders in neuroimaging data examined by means fo traditional methods. Moeover, deep learning approach is incorporated here for classification purpose of brain disorder with the aid of Deep Belief Networks (DBN). Images are stored in a secured manner by using DNA sequence based on JPEG Zig Zag Encryption algorithm (DBNJZZ) approach. The suggested approach is executed and tested by using the performance metric measure such as accuracy, root mean square error, Mean absolute error and mean absolute percentage error. Proposed DBNJZZ gives better performance than previously available methods. 2023 Authors. All rights reserved. -
Integrated Automated Attendance System with RFID, Wi-Fi, and Visual Recognition Technology for Enhanced Classroom Security and Precise Monitoring
The integrated automated smart attendance system utilizes RFID, Wi-Fi, and visual recognition technologies to elevate classroom security and ensure precise monitoring of attendance records. It consolidates cutting-edge components such as RFID tags, ESP8266 Wi-Fi modules, ESP-32 CAM modules, solenoid locks, servo motors, and PIR sensors to devise a strong remedy. RFID technology enables accurate attendance tracking by assigning tags to students and faculty members. The Wi-Fi and visual recognition components enhance the system's functionalities, facilitating wireless connectivity, instantaneous data transfer, and validation of identities. Solenoid locks and servo motors ensure controlled access, responding to validated attendance records. PIR sensors detect motion, contrasting between genuine presence and proximity. The paper's methodology delineates the necessary hardware and software requirements, procedures for system initialization, testing phases, establishment of server connectivity, implementation of access control mechanisms, and formulation of end-of-session protocols. It highlights the successful integration and validation of hardware components, backend connectivity, identity confirmation, attendance recording, data encryption, and session termination procedures. The research aims to modernize attendance tracking in educational settings, improving efficiency, accuracy, and security while appreciating the need for further adaptation to suit diverse educational environments for broader adoption and sustained advancement. 2024 IEEE. -
Integrated biogasification and carbon capture pathways: a system-level review of technologies, storage options, and deployment challenges
Carbon-negative energy systems that integrate bioenergy production with permanent carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration are increasingly recognized as essential for achieving global net-zero and beyond-zero climate targets. While extensive research exists on individual components such as biogasification, carbon capture technologies, and geological storage, a coherent system-level synthesis linking these pathways remains fragmented. This review addresses this gap by providing an integrated assessment of biogasification-based carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems, with particular emphasis on techno-economic performance, capture efficiency, subsurface storage options, and deployment challenges. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 112 studies were systematically selected from an initial pool of 780 publications and analyzed to compare advanced gasification routes, emerging capture technologies, and storage strategies. The results indicate that hybrid gasificationsolid oxide fuel cell systems can achieve efficiencies of up to 55%, while cryogenic carbon capture consistently delivers CO? purities above 95% with reduced energy penalties. Supercritical water gasification and hydrothermal pathways demonstrate strong potential for wet biomass conversion, achieving hydrogen yields exceeding 1150 mmol/L and carbon efficiencies above 80%. Despite these technical advances, large-scale deployment remains constrained by high costs (USD 8001350 per tonne CO2), infrastructure limitations, and policy uncertainty. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Integrated biorefinery development for pomegranate peel: Prospects for the production of fuel, chemicals and bioactive molecules
Current experimental evidence has revealed that pomegranate peel is a significant source of essential bio compounds, and many of them can be transformed into valorized products. Pomegranate peel can also be used as feedstock to produce fuels and biochemicals. We herein review this pomegranate peel conversion technology and the prospective valorized product that can be synthesized from this frequently disposed fruit waste. The review also discusses its usage as a carbon substrate to synthesize bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids and its use in enzyme biosynthesis. Based on reported experimental evidence, it is apparent that pomegranate peel has a large number of applications, and therefore, the development of an integrated biorefinery concept to use pomegranate peel will aid in effectively utilizing its significant advantages. The biorefinery method displays a promising approach for efficiently using pomegranate peel; nevertheless, further studies should be needed in this area. 2022 Elsevier Ltd -
Integrated Effect of Flow Field Misalignment and Gas Diffusion Layer Compression/Intrusion on High Temperature - Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance
Misalignment in the flow field plates of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) due to manufacturing tolerances, assembly process, or unavoidable vibration during the cell operation is contemplated its performance and durability. This study investigates the effect of flow field plate misalignment and its concomitant impact with varying the clamping pressures on HT-PEMFC operation. The study considers six degrees of cathode flow field misalignment, varying from 0% to 100% with respect to the anode flow field. Clamping pressures ranging from 1 to 2 MPa are applied to the various cases of misalignment to study their effect on GDL deformation and intrusion into the channels. The structural analysis shows that as the misalignment increases from 0 to 100%, the GDL compression increases from 26.72% to 37.75% for 1 MPa, 40.07% to 56.63% for 1.5 MPa, and 53.43% to 75.51% for 2 MPa, owing to the increase in compression approximately by 41% from their base cases and it is also crucial to note that GDL compression exaggerates at higher clamping pressures. The misalignment results in the sagging of Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA), and the amplitude of wave nature is proportional to the degree of misalignment and clamping pressure, indicating the misalignment is the sole factor for structural changes. As a result, considerable variance in current distribution and average value is observed, i.e., at operating voltage 0.5 V, the current density drops from 4472.7 to 4264.4, 4420.7 to 4211.8, and 4374.1 to 4161.3 A m?2 from cases 1 to 6 for clamping pressures 1, 1.5, and 2 MPa, respectively, resulting in a 4.7% loss in performance. According to the observations, a misalignment of 60% is tolerable, with minimal performance loss and negligible non-uniformity in cell distributions. 2022 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. -
Integrated fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS as innovative student selection methodology at institutions of higher learning
BACKGROUND: The selection of students at academic institutions has been a challenging affair given multiple criteria that need to be considered by the institution. Additionally, multiple evaluators and decision makers are involved in the student selection process, rendering it inconsistent. The complexity and subjectiveness in such decisions making requires new and innovative approach in order to be more systematic and transparent. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents an innovative methodology for student selection for admission into an Institute of Higher Learning (IHL) using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Drawing on the success of using these methods in other fields, this study applies the technique and principles on student selection process. METHOD: Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is used in determining the weights of the criteria by the decision makers which avoids the vagueness and inconsistencies in decision making process and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method ranks finds out the best alternative solution for student selection by calculating the relative closeness from the positive ideal solution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This research finds using the hybrid method is effective in student selection for IHL and makes the process efficient and bias-free. This method can be applied to various fields and uses where multi-criteria decision making is involved. 2023 - IOS Press. All rights reserved. -
Integrated Health Care Delivery and Telemedicine: Existing Legal Impediments in India
The technological innovation in the healthcare sector has contributed to the growth of telemedicine in India. Health services fall under State responsibility as per the Indian Constitution by virtue of Schedule 7although policy and planning framework are under the scope of Central government. Telemedicine cannot not work as an autonomous service, rather, ought to be subjected to different regulations having complex ethical, medico-legal manifestations. As far as India is concerned, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India (MoHFW) is the body responsible for initiating the policy of digitization of healthcare. However the point ishow far digital health services going appropriately in India. Based on NDHBs comprehensive architectural framework of Federated National Health Information System in January 2020 and as the pandemic strategy Medical Council of India and the NITI Aayog released new guidelines on telemedicine with respect to registered medical practitioners, this research needed to be checked. Thus, the examination was done in these aspects. Guidelines were revisited to see how the hospitals in Delhi and NOIDA function based on the records submitted in medical consultation given to patients using telemedicine. It is felt that telemedicine being a nebulous concept in India, it needs to be analyzed in the light of prospective opportunities it would offer. There is a need for collaborative approaches on digital health, revision in the prevailing legal and ethical frameworks, the clinical practices corresponding to standing medical guidelines. Also, it is found that there exist no uniform telemedicine practices balancing the privacy norms, medico-legal responsibility and regulatory standards. To arrive at conclusion, the best practices prevailed in other countries are examined and adopted. It is felt that the policies existing in telemedicine need to be bifurcated as digital consultation, digital photography, remote patient monitoring (RPM) separately. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Integrated Holistic Mental Healthcare
Integrated Holistic Mental Healthcare: Bridging Minds and Technology is a groundbreaking resource that unites traditional holistic practices with cutting-edge digital innovations to enhance mental health treatment. This comprehensive guide is tailored for mental health professionals seeking practical strategies to improve care efficacy and accessibility. The book begins with foundational concepts of holistic mental health and emphasizes the essential role of mindfulness and meditation as core components of effective care. It explores how technology can complement holistic practices, facilitating behavioral change and habit formation. Readers will discover how digital tools can expand access to mental healthcare through telehealth and virtual care models, while also addressing ethical considerations and stigma associated with mental health treatment. With insights into monitoring outcomes and case studies highlighting integrative approaches for specialized populations, this book equips readers to navigate the evolving mental health landscape. As it looks toward future trends, "Integrated Holistic Mental Healthcare" empowers individuals to enhance their well-being in a rapidly digitizing world, fostering a patient-centered care paradigm that honors both mind and technology. 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
Integrated Home-Based Palliative Care in Motor Neuron Disease: A Case Report from Low- Middle Income Country
In many international care guidelines, multidisciplinary palliative care forms a key to optimum management in Motor Neuron Disease (MND). We describe the home-based palliative care interventions for a client with MND and his family from a Low and Middle-income country context. This report also discusses the advantages and challenges of the same with suggestions for sustaining the quality of care for neuro palliative conditions. 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Integrated hybrid membrane system for enhanced water treatment and desalination for environmental preservation
Technology advancements in desalination, water treatment, and energy efficiency are crucial to preserving our planet. It is critical to find solutions for the future that save natural resources and lessen environmental damage because the freshwater shortage is getting worse, and energy demand is increasing. They face various obstacles, even though their breakthroughs are extremely important. Lot of energy can be utilized for the traditional desalination techniques, as it negatively impacts the environment. Then, the process of the existing Water Treatment (WT) are expensive and ineffective. An Integrated Hybrid Membrane System for Enhanced WT (IHMS-EWT) is a unique technique for WT and desalination was suggested in this study. The integration of many membrane procedures like nanofiltration, reverse and forward osmosis, and membrane distillation, and these will helps in facilitating the best WT and desalination methods. Due to the incorporating Renewable Energy (RE), the IHMS-EWT also demonstrates the (SWMS) Sustainable Water Management System, as it enhances the EE and thereby reducing the environmental impact. The great potential in the wide range of applications was offered by the IHMS-EWT technique. Providing the decentralized WT solutions in the remote areas, this unique approach has the ability to reduce the fresh water scarcity in the coastal areas based on the demands of the municipal, industrial and agricultural demands. The environmental sustainability throughout the lenghthy operations was ensured by the support of IHMS-EWT. It also helps in providing resilience in the crisis situations. The cost-effective evaluations, operating parameter optimization, and performance prediction of the method was enabled by employing the computational modelling. Through simulatimg different contexts, the effective configurations and operational techniques are focussed on the study for enhancing the IHMS-EWT technology.The model shift in the SWM, the IHMS-EWT technique addresses the main problems and brings one step for more secure environment. Comparing to other existing methods, Improving the water purification by 98.2 %, 94.2 % efficiency rate, the EC prediction rate of 96.2 %, the cost-effectiveness rate by 82.4 % and the performance rate by 96.7 % by the suggested IHMS-EWT model and it was demonstrated by the outcomes of the experiment. 2024 The Authors -
Integrated IoT-Based Secure and Efficient Key Management Framework Using Hashgraphs for Autonomous Vehicles to Ensure Road Safety
Autonomous vehicles offer various advantages to both vehicle owners and automobile companies. However, despite the advantages, there are various risks associated with these vehicles. These vehicles interact with each other by forming a vehicular network, also known as VANET, in a centralized manner. This centralized network is vulnerable to cyber-attacks which can cause data loss, resulting in road accidents. Thus, to prevent the vehicular network from being attacked and to prevent the privacy of the data, key management is used. However, key management alone over a centralized network is not effective in ensuring data integrity in a vehicular network. To resolve this issue, various studies have introduced a blockchain-based approach and enabled key management over a decentralized network. This technique is also found effective in ensuring the privacy of all the stakeholders involved in a vehicular network. Furthermore, a blockchain-based key management system can also help in storing a large amount of data over a distributed network, which can encourage a faster exchange of information between vehicles in a network. However, there are certain limitations of blockchain technology that may affect the efficient working of autonomous vehicles. Most of the existing blockchain-based systems are implemented over Ethereum or Bitcoin. The transaction-processing capability of these blockchains is in the range of 5 to 20 transactions per second, whereas hashgraphs are capable of processing thousands of transactions per second as the data are processed exponentially. Furthermore, a hashgraph prevents the user from altering the order of the transactions being processed, and they do not need high computational powers to operate, which may help in reducing the overall cost of the system. Due to the advantages offered by a hashgraph, an advanced key management framework based on a hashgraph for secure communication between the vehicles is suggested in this paper. The framework is developed using the concept of Leaving of Vehicles based on a Logical Key Hierarchy (LKH) and Batch Rekeying. The system is tested and compared with other closely related systems on the basis of the transaction compilation time and change in traffic rates. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Integrated photonic devices for cancer detection
[No abstract available]