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Interconnected Dynamics of Gold, Nifty, Crude Oil, and USD/INR: Insights from a Panel Data VAR Analysis
This study utilizes a panel data vector autoregression (PVAR) model to examine the relationships between Gold, Nifty, Crude Oil, and USD/INR, drawing from 3105 observations sourced from Yahoo Finance. Descriptive statistics reveal notable volatility, particularly in Gold and Crude Oil. Unit root tests confirm stationarity, crucial for time series analysis. Optimal lag selection recommends a lag order of 2, balancing model accuracy and complexity. Granger causality tests indicate limited predictive power, with gold influencing USD/INR unidirectionally. Impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition underscore Golds relative independence. Robustness tests affirm stability, highlighting USD/INRs endogeneity. This study enhances understanding of financial dynamics, offering insights for risk management, portfolio diversification, and monetary policy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Interconnected Dynamics of Gold, Nifty, Crude Oil, and USD/INR: Insights from a Panel Data VAR Analysis
This study utilizes a panel data vector autoregression (PVAR) model to examine the relationships between Gold, Nifty, Crude Oil, and USD/INR, drawing from 3105 observations sourced from Yahoo Finance. Descriptive statistics reveal notable volatility, particularly in Gold and Crude Oil. Unit root tests confirm stationarity, crucial for time series analysis. Optimal lag selection recommends a lag order of 2, balancing model accuracy and complexity. Granger causality tests indicate limited predictive power, with gold influencing USD/INR unidirectionally. Impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition underscore Golds relative independence. Robustness tests affirm stability, highlighting USD/INRs endogeneity. This study enhances understanding of financial dynamics, offering insights for risk management, portfolio diversification, and monetary policy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Interconnected Intelligence: Navigating Through Power Quality Checking and Control Using Smart Intelligence-Based Methods
Globally, power quality issues incur substantial costs. In the United States, power quality problems contribute to a $150 billion annual cost, covering lost productivity, equipment damage, and safety hazards. Smart intelligence-based methods can potentially cut these costs by up to 50%. In India, power quality disturbances result in a $10 billion annual cost involving equipment damage, productivity losses, and customer dissatisfaction. The adoption of smart intelligence-based power quality methods in India is projected to grow annually by 25% for the next 5years due to increasing grid demands. In todays intricate power landscape, dependable electrical systems are crucial. Power quality disturbances, including voltage variations, harmonics, and flicker, can disrupt sensitive equipment, resulting in financial losses and safety risks. Addressing these challenges, smart intelligence-based methods emerge as promising solutions. This chapter systematically explores the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics for elevated power quality monitoring, assessment, and regulation. Such intelligent approaches optimise power system performance, reduce downtimes, and ensure a consistent supply of high-quality electrical energy. The assimilation of smart intelligence-based methods emerges as a promising avenue to address these challenges effectively. Harnessing the capabilities of these intelligent paradigms empower power systems to attain optimal performance, curtail downtimes, and ensure a steadfast provision of high-grade electrical energy. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Interconnections of yogic practices with mental health
Yoga, an ancient practise of humankind, attempts to promote a lifestyle that is free of maliciousness with emphasis on inculcating qualities that would aid the individual in living a life that is truly actualizing. Practise of yoga is not limited to holding specific asanas but various components of yoga such as pranayama, pratyahara, etc.; all attempt to enhance an individual's wellbeing. The chapter has contextualized yoga therapy including pranayama, mudras, and chakras to biopsychosocial models, and attempted to identify yogic practises that bring holistic enhancement. Yoga, being cost-effective, and having no side effects, unlike pharmacological treatments, can be used as an adjunctive therapeutic agent in improving symptoms or improving mood and reducing stress. However, it is important to note the feasibility and limitations of yoga interventions, like proper trained professionals to minimize any ill effects. The chapter attempted to promote the practise of yoga as an adjunctive form of treatment which would thereby aid in improving biopsychosocial wellbeing. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Interepisodic functioning in patients with bipolar disorder in remission
Background and Objectives: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD), despite recovering symptomatically, suffer from several functional impairments even in remission. The actual causes of impaired functioning are less known. Materials and Methods: The study aimed to examine the clinical and psychosocial determinants of functioning in patients with BD in remission. A cross-sectional single-group design was adopted (n = 150). Participants meeting the study criteria were screened with Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Scale. The selected participants were administered various tools to assess the level of functioning and the clinical, psychosocial determinants of functioning. Results: The clinical characteristics of the sample included early age of onset of illness, presence of precipitating factors, fewer episodes, minimal comorbidities, history of psychotic episodes, family history of mental illness, good medication adherence, and low depression and mania scores. Psychosocial factors included higher stress and moderate social support and self-esteem in the sample. Poor functioning patients had a history of longer hospital stay and had greater scores on depression, mania, stress, and maladaptive coping styles than better functioning patients. Conclusion: Higher depression, mania, stress, and maladaptive coping strategies were related to poor functioning, while higher medication adherence, self-esteem, and social support were related to better functioning. 2018 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow. -
Interface between Legal and Moral Implications on Patenting Biotechnological Inventions: A Comparative Analysis of the Patents Law of India, the US and the EU
The biotechnology industry has seen one of the most significant expansions in the Patent Laws. It is challenging for a law to link with protecting the intangible property vested in biotechnology patents, as the biotechnology resources come from living organisms. Patenting biotechnological inventions raises legal, ethical and moral concerns. In the light of the current context, this paper examines patents law of Section 3(b) of the Indian Patents Act, 35 U.S.C Section 101 of the U.S. Patent Law, Article 53(a) of the European Patent Convention and Article 6 of the EU Biotech Directive. The paper compares the legal structure of these three countries, illuminating the similarities and differences in interpreting morality provisions by referring to various case precedents, statutes, and legal references within the patent laws of the United States and the European Union as a benchmark for evaluating Indias patent system. The paper proposes and suggests clarifying morality clauses of the Indian Patents Act to keep up with the advancements in Biotechnology inventions by providing a clear definition of morality and contrary to public order instead of patent controllers exercising their discretionary power unguided. The paper highlights that it is vital to consider moral and ethical implications as biotechnology evolves, ensuring that law and morality should foster a holistic and informed approach to shaping the future of biotechnological inventions in a global context. 2025, National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research. All rights reserved. -
Interface between the brain and computer to improve the e-commerce user security experience
Using brain-computer interface (BCI) technology for online shopping offers a state-of-the-art way to address the issue of enhancing user experience by creating more personalized and user-friendly shopping environments. This study explores how brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can improve e-commerce platforms by better understanding customer preferences, emotional responses, and decision-making tendencies through the collection of real-time neural data. Brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs, use brain activity analysis to provide personalized recommendations, streamline navigation, and improve product displays-all of which contribute to a more enjoyable and rewarding shopping experience. This research examines the effects of BCI-enhanced e-commerce systems on user involvement, contentment, and purchase decisions. An extensive assessment of BCIs' effectiveness in improving the overall shopping experience is conducted through experimental analysis and customer feedback. The results show that adding BCIs to e-commerce systems can significantly boost user engagement and make. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Interface improvement and multiscale assessment of recycled concrete aggregates with epoxy resin polymer
Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) exhibits challenges like weak bonding, high porosity, and inferior strength compared to natural aggregates. This study evaluates the effect of epoxy resin polymer treatment on RCA on enhancing compressive and split tensile strengths in concrete, replacing natural aggregates with untreated RCA (UTRAC) and treated RCA (ERTAC) at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% levels. The tests were conducted at 3, 7, and 28 days. UTRAC showed reductions of up to 26.32% in compressive strength and 35.38% in tensile strength at 100% replacement; ERTAC outperformed control concrete (CC) with gains of up to 26.32% in compressive strength (at 25%) and 122.73% in tensile strength (at 100%), identifying 25% as the optimum replacement ratio. SEM and XRD analyses confirmed improved particle packing, reduced porosity, and stronger interfacial transition zones (ITZ) in ERTAC. The Author(s) 2026. -
INTERFACING PRIMAL RELIGION OF THE HAMAI (ZELIANGRONG), CHRISTIANITY, HERAKA, AND TINGKAO RAGWANG CHAPRIAK
This chapter explores the intertwinement between four religious traditions, namely (1) Characheng (primal religion of the Hamai) and its offshoots, (2) Heraka, (3) Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak (TRC), and (4) Christianity in contemporary Hamai (Zeliangrong) communities. The influence of the primal Hamai religion on Christianity is unquestionable, and at the same time, these two traditions hold sway over Heraka and TRC in varying degrees. The impacts of the interaction are at the levels of consciousness, belief systems, practices, and values. The chapter brings out the asymmetric encounter between reformed religious traditions (Heraka) of the Hamai and the proselytisation of Christianity in the Hamai communities that had led to the extinction of the primal religion of the former. Remarkably, Heraka and TRC are counter-proselytising movements against Christianity based on the primal belief system and synthesis of Christian and Hindu belief systems. For this purpose, the research employs comparative and dialogical approaches to explore and analyse the interconnection among the above religions. It argues that the current forms of Christianity, Heraka, and TRC in Hamai tribes are unique in themselves, and at the same time, they are also cyclically inspired by one another in the process of their encounters. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Maguni Charan Behera; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Intergenerational Transference of Collective Trauma in the Exilic Lives of Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees
The present study explores the intergenerational transference of collective trauma among the Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees (SLTR). Thirty-three in-depth interviews were conducted across first, second, and third generation SLTR living at the refugee camps in Tamil Nadu, India. The study found that the traumatic experiences and internal conflicts associated with exile among the first-generation participants (FGP) and second-generation participants (SGP) are primarily channeled through social customs and parenting styles. Refugee identity and correlated difficulties are constituted as collective trauma. The motive for resolving the fragmented self was unconscious replicated nightmares among the participants. Irrespective of generations, participants unconsciously tried to reintegrate their fragmented collective existence. The FGP and SGP passed the Sri Lankan Tamil culture onto their offspring, imposing expectations on the next generation to reclaim Tamil land and sustain cultural legacies. The study highlighted that helping behavior differs across generations, influenced by the encountered atrocities. Further extensive research on humanitarian rehabilitation policies is needed for their collective social integration. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025. -
Internalized stigma among patients with common mental disorders in South India
Introduction: Common mental disorders (CMDs), include depressive disorders and anxiety disorders, which are highly prevalent. There exists a huge stigma around mental health, and this challenge becomes further magnified in CMDs, especially in LMICs like India. Despite this burden, there is limited scientific evidence on the internalized stigma in CMDs. To address this evidence gap, this study aims to describe internalized stigma and its correlates among patients with CMDs attending the Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD) of an academic teaching hospital in South India. Materials and methods: A structured socio-demographic and morbidity questionnaire, along with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, was administered to 119 patients aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with CMDs according to ICD-10 criteria. Patients with severe mental disorders and psychosis, epilepsy, intellectual disability, organic mental disorders, and those requiring hospital admissions, were excluded from the study. Results: A mild to moderate level of internalized stigma was reported among patients with common mental disorders. Age and history of suicidal thought were significant predictors of internalized stigma. Conclusion: Youth and those who have a history of suicidal thoughts tend to experience greater internalized stigma. A multi-pronged approach is needed to address internalized stigma, which includes a combination of education and awareness programs, peer support programs, psychotherapy, and medication adherence. Addressing stigma can positively influence help-seeking behavior, treatment compliance, and outcomes, thereby improving quality of life. The Author(s) 2025. -
INTERNATIONAL CASES IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY: Inside the Criminal Mind
This book provides an in-depth investigation of different psychological phenomena in forensic psychology through an analysis of key case studies in the field. There is a growing requirement for a comprehensive resource that provides practical examples of how forensic psychology models are applied in real-life situations. Filling this lacuna, International Cases in Forensic Psychology takes the reader through a series of prominent case studies that illustrate the intricate details of criminal investigations, judicial proceedings, and correctional settings. Drawing on a diverse range of examples from the US, UK, Belgium, Russia, Columbia, Germany, and India which include serial murder, financial deception, and maternal psychosis, Dr. K. Jayasankara Reddy applies psychological theories and methods to understand the intricacies of criminal conduct. These theories range from criminal profiling and behavioral analysis, to the psychology of deceit and the dynamics of influence. Overall, the book will enhance the readers ability to analyze the fundamental reasons behind criminal behaviour and develop more efficient approaches for rehabilitating offenders. International Cases in Forensic Psychology will be of great interest to students and professionals of forensic psychology, neuropsychology, criminal justice, and related fields. 2025 K. Jayasankara Reddy. -
International Competences for Undergraduate Psychology: Relevance to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
The 17 global goals of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a call to action for governments and organizations around the world to work towards a sustainable future for all people and the planet. Human behaviour is directly or indirectly tied to all of the SDGs; therefore, psychology as a discipline is critical to their achievement. In this article, wea team of 12 psychology educators from eight countries (three from the Global South) representing six continentsoutline connections between psychology and the SDGs. We argue that psychology education at the foundational undergraduate level should integrate the SDGs into curricula. We describe the framework of psychological literacy that we believe is central to a strong undergraduate education in psychology and outline its conceptual relationship to the SDGs. We then describe the International Competences for Undergraduate Psychology, which explicitly mention the SDGs, but are also closely linked to them across all seven International Competences for Undergraduate Psychology competence categories (psychological knowledge, psychological research methodologies and methods, and the five psychology-relevant areas: values and ethics; cultural responsiveness and diversity; critical thinking and problem-solving; communication and interpersonal skills; and personal and professional development). Finally, psychology educators from six countries (Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, India, and the United States) describe teaching and assessment strategies that harness both the International Competences for Undergraduate Psychology and the SDGs. These strategies offer examples to spur psychology educators to consider how they might make these connections in their own classes and curricula and in their own culture and context. 2025 Canadian Psychological Association -
International Financial Reporting Standards and Their Impact on Financial Performance of Mindtree Ltd: A Case Study
Indian Journal of Social Science Research, Vol-1 (2), pp. 44-55. ISSN-2321-208X -
International investments and environmental protection in India - Policy and implementation gaps in mitigating the carbon footprints
Introduction: While India's contribution and progress on environment protection has been applauded by global leaders, India continues to be one of the biggest carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally. Major sectors responsible for carbon emissions are also the major sectors attracting international investments. This paper intends review such investments and examine their impact on environment. Methodology: A comprehensive review of the existing literature to identify the prevailing laws and policies that apply to corporations to meeting environmental standards was undertaken. In addition, extensive search was undertaken on the internet for reports and database that monitor corporate behavior and report about their disclosures and efforts on addressing environmental concerns. A review of the investment agreements signed, adopted and in-force in India was also undertaken to understand if they meet the standards of environmental protection. Data collection was done between July 2022 to June 2023. Findings: The Constitution of India stipulates protection and improvement of public and environmental health of the country. Several laws and policies have been adopted to meet this constitutional standard in India, including The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The 17 SDGs have direct and indirect linkages and impact on the environment. It is evident that all international investment agreements up to 2017 have no mention of environment exemption clause nor incorporates the GATT Article XX exceptions. However, the recent IIAs do mention environment as exception to expropriation. It is also seen that investments by big corporations have been responsible for huge deforestation, water pollution, and fossil fuel globally and most of them have their footprints in India and continue to contribute to the countries carbon footprint. India's commitment to renewable and non-conventional energy is the silver lining to meeting the SDG goals and the net zero emission targets. Meeting ESG standards and its disclosures by regulatory body is another positive step towards environmental protection from international investments. Conclusion: The biggest global contributors to GHG and carbon emissions have their presence in India and thus contribute to the overall carbon foot print of India. All international investments must be required to comply with the legal and policy regulations on public health and environment protection. In this regard, corporations should be mandated to follow ESG standards to meet the SDGs objectives. 2023 The Authors -
International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management (20042020): an analytical retrospective
International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management (IJLSM) is a journal of international repute that publishes original and peer-reviewed research in the business, management, accounting, and decision sciences domain. The journal reached its 18th year of publishing in 2021. This study provides a comprehensive overview of 962 publications using the bibliometric data analysis technique. The study focuses on the contribution of IJLSM to the knowledge domain through publishing trends, authorship patterns, dominant authors, prominent articles, nature of studies, and thematic analysis. Cooccurrence of all keywords, co-authorship, citation and co-citation analysis of authors, countries, and institutions is performed through VOS viewer software. The findings of the study emphasise the relationship of IJLSM to different fields. The analysis also provides key insights into the evolution of the domain over time. 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
International Journal of Operational Research: a retrospective overview between 2005 and 2020
The study presents a retrospective analysis of the International Journal of Operational Research (IJOR) across its 16 years of publication, 2005 to 2020. IJOR is a journal of international repute that publishes original and peer-reviewed research in the management sciences, decision sciences, and operation research domain. The journal reached its 17th year of publishing in 2021. This study provides a comprehensive overview of 1,023 publications using the bibliometric data analysis technique. The study focuses on the contribution of IJOR to the knowledge domain through publishing trends, authorship patterns, dominant authors, prominent articles, nature of studies, and thematic analysis. Co-occurrence analysis of all keywords, co-authorship, citation and co-citation analysis of authors, countries, and institutions is performed through VOSviewer software. The findings of the study emphasise the relationship of IJOR to different fields. 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
International multi conference on computing, communication, electrial & nanotechnology /
Materials Today Proceedings, Vol.11, Issue 3, pp.889-115, ISSN No:2214-7853. -
INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ENSURING EQUALITY AND SOCIETAL RESPONSIBILITY
Internationalization of higher education is an important initiative toward creating a society that promotes equity and reflects its social responsiveness. Given the education sector is changing globally, it is important for institutions to carefully manage the challenges that come with it and ensure that their international initiatives are beneficial for local and global communities. This chapter explores the interconnectedness between the internationalization of higher education, reducing inequality, and social responsibility and the role of internationalization of higher education institutions in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 10. Substantial evidence on the current issue was provided by a thematic analysis of interviews undertaken with experts in the field and development of a strategic framework. A number of suggestions have been provided to ensure equity remains at the center of higher education's effort in pursuit of reducing inequalities. 2025 The authors. -
Internet addiction and the role of AI in online compulsive buying behaviour
The internet's availability profoundly impacted many aspects of modern life, including business and communication. One of its most notable effects is the development of internet addiction, which has drawn much attention because of its behavioural and psychological ramifications. This addiction can have detrimental effects on one's social, professional, and personal life. It frequently presents as excessive and uncontrollable using the internet. One important area where obsessive online shopping behaviour is one where internet addiction is becoming more evident. This chapter explores the relationship between obsessive online shopping and internet addiction, emphasizing how artificial intelligence is transforming consumer decision-making. This chapter aims to investigate how compulsive purchase behaviour can be made worse by internet addiction and the degree to which AI-driven algorithms play a role in this phenomenon. Several mitigation measures can be used to alleviate the negative effects of obsessive buying behaviour led by AI. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.