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Potential of insect-based milk moiety from Pacific beetle cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Blattodea): Insights as superfood
Diploptera punctata is a viviparous cockroach and secretes a concoction of glycosylated proteins as a basis of nutrition for developing embryos termed as cockroach milk. The milk proteins were identified as the lipocalin-like milk proteins (Lili-Mip) which are present in the brood sac of the gestated female D. punctata. Blotting techniques and RNA transcriptome assays have reported analogous Lili-Mip in the midgut of D. puncta embryos, which proved the ingestion during development inside brood sac. Thermodynamics and kinetic studies augmented the stability of the milk crystals and their controlled release mechanism of sustenance. Gene ontogeny reported the evolution of the ovoviviparous to viviparous due to selective pressures posed during the development stages of the embryos. Molecular simulation modelling studied unveiled the binding efficacies of the milk protein to build strong affiliates to the ligands to form a stable milk protein complex. Ahead of its nutritional benefits, cockroach milk also offers environmental advantages compared to traditional dairy and plant-based milk production. Nevertheless, there are still important hurdles to overcome to include this unconventional superfood as staple in human diets which are also discussed in the review. This review explored the existing molecular, evolutionary and biochemical insights for understanding the phenomena of the production of milk crystals and addressed the research gaps for developing a novel nutrient prospective from insect source. 2024 Korean Society of Applied Entomology -
Electrochemical non-enzymatic strategy with green synthesized Fe2O3CuO nanocomposite for detection of amiprofos-methyl herbicide in industrial effluents and soils
Iron oxide-Copper oxide nanoparticles composite (Fe2O3CuO NPs) was synthesized through a green phytosynthetic approach using Ocimum sanctum Linn (commonly known as Tulsi) leaf extract. The evaluation of electrocatalytic properties were evaluated by carrying out electrochemical detection of amiprofos-methyl (APM), an organophosphorus herbicide. It is moderately toxic to mammals and aquatic biodiversity and is considered to be an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The presence of specific natural phytochemicals such as eugenol, naringenin, apigenin, quercetin, and high amount of ascorbic acid in the aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn plant parts, has been widely used for the synthesis of various metallic nanoparticles where these compounds serve as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The synthesized Fe2O3CuO NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), UVVis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The modified electrode was electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques for the detection of APM. The electrochemical signals have increased by three folds in the detection of APM with Fe2O3CuO nanocomposite compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical sensor showed a linear range of 0.05 to 30 g/mL with a limit of detection of 0.0065 g/mL. The developed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the detection of APM in different water and soil samples with recoveries ranging from 96.00?99.00%. The electrode showed good stability and reproducibility over a period of 10 days with a 95% of peak current than the former. The newly synthesized nanoparticles, thus, proved to be an interesting material for electrochemical and biological studies. 2023 The Authors -
INCLUSIVE LAW SCHOOL CLINICS: Institutionalizing Effective and Accountable Justice for All
Poor people are often denied access to the courts due to expensive legal fees. Preventing free access to justice violates a fundamental constitutional principle and universal international norms. The recognition of access to justice and the rule of law as outcomes and facilitators of sustainable development is a unique feature of the 2030 Agenda. This study shows that providing affordable and timely access to justice institutions and legal aid services will help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 16 targets of peace, justice, and strong institutions. Indian law school clinics have a unique opportunity to achieve the goal through institutionalized clinical legal education. The Advocates Act of 1961 requires an amendment to allow law students and faculty to represent pro bono clients. The study infers that completely institutionalizing the law school legal aid clinics as part of clinical legal education is a powerful platform to promote equal access to justice to all. 2021, Dharma Research Association. All rights reserved. -
Digital transformation in clinical legal education, virtual law clinics, and access to justice
Clinical legal education (CLE)promotes skill training and service learning. It provides an opening to comprehend the law and practice through practical training. Access to justice with lawyering skills is the fundamental objective of CLE. Law students can uphold the 'rule of law' and play the leading role in legal services to the needy. Millions of people continue to be denied access to the legal system. The success of the digital transformation in CLE depends on the availability and efficiency of the adoption of advanced technology. The main theme of this chapter is to examine how the law schools approached the mode of CLE amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges faced while delivering services through VLC and examine the various types of online pro bono works. This chapter is designed in both doctrinal and analytical in terms of methodology. It also focuses on the new experiences globally in using IT and the methods that law schools can use through technology to improve access to justice. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Effective Police Investigation Under BNSS 2023: Existing Legal Framework and Challenges
Effective police investigation plays a crucial role in ensuring justice, maintaining law and order, and successfully prosecuting criminals. It involves gathering evidence, examining witnesses, and thoroughly scrutinizing the crime scenes. The investigating officials are tasked with various vital duties integral to the investigation procedures. Due to workload, police personnel may use unfair means and methods for ending investigations, securing convictions, and avoiding criticisms. The crime investigation technique requires specialized skills and training, sufficient time, appropriate forensic abilities, and facilities. This chapter examines the efficacy of police investigations and the subsequent attainment of convictions, focusing on a comparative insight into the current legal framework and the challenges under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023. This doctrinal and non-doctrinal study applied qualitative and quantitative content analysis to evaluate the secondary data. Criminal cases experience inadequate investigation and adequate evidence. A fair investigation is essential for ensuring justice for the accused, victim, and society. If the police do not follow procedures, omitting and tampering with evidence will be detrimental by preventing the court from reviewing it. The effectiveness of police investigation significantly affects judicial verdicts. Defects in the system lead to frequent acquittals in criminal cases. 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG. -
Introduction to Quality of Education: SDG-4 Perspective
The chapter discusses the understanding of SDG-4 as per the United Nations perspective, along with the rationale for Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It discusses the targets and indicators under SDG-4, the quality of education. The chapter emphasizes the critical role of education in achieving all 17 SDGs. The chapter justifies that the SDG-4 focus on the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region through the discussion of diversity, economy, population, demographics, educational disparities, and innovation. The chapter discusses the education in the APAC region by providing an overview of the current status, trends, challenges, equity, quality, success stories, and regional innovations. The chapter highlights the progress toward SDG-4 in the APAC region in terms of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE), secondary, higher education, technical and vocational education, and teacher education. The chapter presents the objectives, scope, operational definitions, best practices, and chapter summaries. It further presents the overview of the volume along with its unique contribution to the policy and knowledge domain. Copyright 2026 by John Joseph Puthenkalam and Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited -
Quality Education for All in Asia-Pacific Countries: Research Insights, Reflections and Initiatives on SDG-4
Providing a comprehensive overview and analysis of the implementation status of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG-4) in Asia-Pacific countries, Quality Education for All in Asia-Pacific Countries provides a timely update on steps taken to achieve the 2030 goal of inclusive and equitable quality education for all. The targeted regions for analysis include notable countries such as India, South Korea, Japan, Australia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Chapter authors from each region delve into the period from 2015 to 2023 and present a thorough examination of policy initiatives designed to enhance the quality of education. Beyond the regional boundaries, each chapter sheds light on the global scenario of SDG-4 implementation, especially in the global south. This global awareness will contribute to international efforts and collaborations in achieving the UN-SDGs, and assist developing and developed countries in understanding the specific actions taken by these nations to improve the quality of education. In addition to reporting the current status of SDG-4 in Asia Pacific countries, chapters include awareness modules to highlight key aspects, lists of best practices adopted by these countries, attention to challenges faced by Asia-Pacific nations in implementing SDG-4 and forward-looking strategies for continued progress. 2026 G S Prakasha, Miki Sugimura, John Joseph Puthenkalam, and Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry. -
Photocatalytic and antioxidant potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Artemisia stelleriana leaf extracts
The antioxidant and photocatalytic activity of Artemisia stelleriana-based silver nanoparticles (AS-AgNPs) was investigated in this study. Microscopic, X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies were used to characterize the synthesized AS-AgNPs. UVvisible spectrophotometric examination revealed a peak at 425 nm. The phytocompounds involved in the transformation of silver ions into AS-AgNPs were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The crystalline nature of the AS-AgNPs was verified using the X-ray powder diffraction technique. Spherical-shaped AS-AgNPs with a size of 22.7 nm were proved using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The AS-AgNPs were top-notch photocatalysts for the degradation of Reactive Blue-222A (RB-222A) and Reactive Blue-220 (RB-220) dyes. After 80 min of UV light exposure, AS-AgNPs degraded RB-222A and RB-220 dyes by 94.6 and 90.8%, respectively. The phytotoxicity investigation in Vigna radiata and Arte-mia salina indicated that the hazardous dye can be degraded into innocuous chemicals by AS-AgNPs. The results suggest that AS-AgNPs are an excellent antioxidant and photocatalyst for the degradation of synthetic dyes. 2023 The Authors. -
BUILDING A DATA ETHICAL FUTURE: Data Policies and Frameworks
Technology-driven choices are shaping the digital engagement of individuals and policymakers. Rapid technological advancements and the increasing utilisation of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have presented profound ethical challenges concerning privacy, accountability, and transparency. Existing Data Acts, internet policies, and government frameworks fall short of protecting individuals and states from violations of their digital footprints. This article advocates for a human-centric approach to data ethics, drawing on the concept of the common good, as articulated by John Rawls. Through a systematic review of global data privacy laws, acts, guidelines, and practices, the article examines potential disparities and emphasises the need for universal data legislation, guidelines, and policies. It highlights the significance of data policies and frameworks in fostering ethical data usage, trust, and integrity. By applying Kants philosophy of respecting individuals autonomy, the article emphasises the importance of informed consent and recommends ethical guidelines for both users and content creators. 2023, Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies (DVK, Bangalore) -
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems: Impact of AI on Post-COVID-19 Student Enrolment in Keralas Higher Education Institutions
This study investigates the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on student enrollment in higher educational institutions in Kerala, with a particular emphasis on the mediating role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Employing a descriptive research design, a self-prepared questionnaire was administered to a purposive sample of 200 students, encompassing various educational stages. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between AI usage and student enrollment, with AI usage accounting for 37.3% of the variance in enrollment outcomes. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that CRM systems partially mediate the relationship between AI and student enrollment, enhancing the effectiveness of AI-driven strategies in the recruitment process. With high reliability demonstrated in the research instrument (Cronbach alpha = 0.827), the study underscores the necessity of integrating AI and CRM technologies to optimize enrollment strategies in the evolving educational landscape. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
On some classes of equitable irregular graphs
Graph labeling techniques are used by data scientists to represent data points and their relationships with each other. The segregation/sorting of similar datasets/points are easily done using labeling of vertices or edges in a graph. An equitable irregular edge labeling is a function $$f: E(G) \rightarrow N$$ (not necessarily be injective) such that the vertex sums of any two adjacent vertices of $$G$$ differ by at most one, where vertex sum of a vertex is the sum of the labels under $$f$$ of the edges incident with that vertex. A graph admitting an equitable irregular edge labeling is called an equitable irregular graph (EIG). In this paper, more classes of equitable irregular graphs are presented. We further generalize the concept of equitable irregular edge labeling to $$k$$-equitable irregular edge labeling by demanding the difference of the vertex sum of adjacent vertices to be $$k \ge 1$$. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021. -
Faulty Node Detection Using Vertex Magic Total Labelling in Distributed System
Distributed system consists of huge number of nodes that are connected to a network, which is mainly intended and predominantly used for information sharing. Large users are prone to share data through the network and the stability and reliability of the nodes are remaining as the major concern in this system. Therefore, the inconsistent message transmission causes the nodes in the network to act differently, which would not be acceptable. A rapid method of malfunctioning nodes detection can improve the QoS of distributed computing environment. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed based on the calculation of vertex magic total labelling (VMTL) value for each and every node in the network. Upon receiving the message from the sender node, the receiver node will quickly detect the faulty node by comparing the VMTL pivot value (Pv). Experimental results show that the proposed approach leads to high true fault rate (TFR) detection accuracy compared to the false fault rate (FFR) detection. Finally, all the information related to the faulty nodes will be sent to the server node for further investigation and action. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021. -
On Statistical Tools in Finding Equitable Antimagic Labeling of Complete Graphs
Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with representation of graphs with vertices and edges. Graph labeling is the assignment of integer labels to either vertices or edges. For a given graph G= (V, E), an edge-weighting is a function f:E(G)?{1,2,3,..,|E(G)|}. For a vertex v of G, let Wf(v) denotes the sum of edge-weights appearing on the edges incident at v under the edge-weighting f. A bijective edge-weighting f of G is said to be an equitable antimagic labeling (EAL) of G if |Wf(u) - Wf(v) | ? 1 for any pair of adjacent vertices u and v of G. A graph admitting an EAL is called an equitable antimagic graph (EAG). In this paper, the characterization of complete graphs Kn, for n? 6 is dealt using an algorithmic approach. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Quantum Computings Path toSupremacy: Progress in the NISQ Epoch
Quantum computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics for information processing, with qubits serving as the fundamental units of quantum information. Qubits are quantum states where information processing can be engineered. Qubits possess the unique ability to encode, manipulate and extract information, enabling remarkable parallelism in computation. This enhanced computational speed, called quantum supremacy, promises to transcend established complexity boundaries. Significant strides have been made in demonstrating quantum supremacy through various experiments, most notably Googles 2019 experiment utilizing the Sycamore quantum processor to solve a problem that would stymie classical supercomputers for millennia. Other research groups, such as the Chinese team employing Jiuzhang and Zuchongzhi quantum processors, have achieved similar feats, showcasing the profound computational capabilities of quantum computers. It is essential to underscore that quantum supremacy does not signify quantum computers superiority across all tasks; current quantum computers remain constrained in their applicability, excelling primarily in specific problem domains. Nevertheless, recent advancements in quantum computing are noteworthy and ongoing development promises to expand their problem-solving capacities. This paper offers an introductory overview of quantum computing and an assessment of three prominent quantum supremacy experiments. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. -
A metal-A nd base-free domino protocol for the synthesis of 1,3-benzoselenazines, 1,3-benzothiazines and related scaffolds
Efficient protocols have been described for the synthesis of 1,3-benzoselenazines, 1,3-benzothiazines, 2-aryl thiazin-4-ones and diaryl[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)-diones. These transformations were successfully driven towards the product formation under mild acid catalyzed reaction conditions at room temperature using 2-amino aryl/hetero-aryl alkyl alcohols and amides as substrates. The merits of the present methods also rely on the easy access of rarely explored bioactive scaffolds like 1,3-benzoselenazine derivatives, for which well-documented methods are rarely known in the literature. A broad range of substrates with both electron-rich and electron-deficient groups were well-tolerated under the developed conditions to furnish the desired products in yields up to 98%. The scope of the devised method is not only restricted to the synthesis of 1,3-benzoselenazines, but it was also further extended towards the synthesis of 1,3-benzothiazines, 1,3-benzothiazinones and the corresponding eight membered N-heterocycles such as diaryl[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)-diones. 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
The facile and efficient organocatalytic platform for accessing 1,2,4-selenadiazoles and thiadiazoles under aerobic conditions
The first organocatalytic approach towards synthesis of rarely explored 1,2,4-selenadiazole and thiadiazole scaffolds have been devised using corresponding carboxamides as substrates. The transformations were realized using two distinct conditions in the presence of catalytic vitamin B3 or thiourea under aerobic conditions. Developed methods overcome the associated limitations of previous reported approaches and the desired products were obtained in high yields and selectivity without the formation of toxic side-products. 2018 Elsevier Ltd -
Reagent-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of 2-Amino-1,3-Benzoxazines and 2-Amino-1,3-Benzothiazines
A reagent-controlled chemoselective process has been devised for the synthesis of 4H-1,3-benzoxazines and related biologically important heterocycles in high yields under mild conditions. These scaffolds could be efficiently constructed using two different chemoselective reactions that rely on the choice of reagents and reaction conditions. The treatment of various 2-amino-arylalkyl alcohols with isothiocyanates afforded thiourea intermediates, which were reacted in situ with molecular iodine in the presence of triethylamine to give 2-amino-4H-1,3-benzoxazines, whereas the corresponding 2-amino-4H-1,3-benzothiazines were obtained by the reaction of thiourea intermediates in the presence of T3P (a mild cyclodehydrating agent) and triethylamine as the base. The described protocol represents the first example for the synthesis of 4H-1,3-benzoxazines via the dehydrosulfurization method using molecular iodine as the reagent. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. -
Consumer Adoption Behaviour of Smart, Green, and Sustainable Building Materials for Future Cities and Environment: Extension of UTAUT 2 Model
This study explores various factors that influence the consumers intention to adopt smart, green, and sustainable building materials in Bangalore city, Karnataka, India. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how consumers actual adoption behaviour of smart, green, and sustainable building materials is influenced by their behavioural intentions. A standardized questionnaire was utilized to collect data from 382 homebuilders in Bangalore as part of a descriptive research study. A simple random sampling technique was used along with Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to test hypotheses framed. Findings indicate that availability and accessibility, awareness, epistemic values, and technology adoption propensity all positively affect subjective norms. Subjective norms positively impact behavioural intention and adoption behaviour. However, challenges in adoption influenced subjective norms negatively, thus hindering consumer adoption. Awareness had the greatest influence on subjective norms, emphasizing the need for increasing consumer awareness. Subjective norms successfully mediated the relationship between independent factors impacting behavioural intention and adoption behaviour. Significant indirect effects of awareness via subjective norms on Behavioural intention were observed. This study highlights the need of increasing social awareness and cultivating a positive view of social expectations in order to promote the widespread use of smart, green, and sustainable building materials, which will eventually result in long-term sustainable cities and surroundings. 2024 The Author(s). -
Emerging Nanoparticle-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Cancer: Innovations and Challenges
Malignant growth is expected to surpass other significant causes of death as one of the top reasons for dismalness and mortality worldwide. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) study, this illness causes approximately between 9 and 10 million instances of deaths annually. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are the three main methods of treating cancer. These methods seek to completely eradicate all cancer cells while having the fewest possible unintended impacts on healthy cell types. Owing to the lack of target selectivity, the majority of medications have substantial side effects. On the other hand, nanomaterials have transformed the identification, diagnosis, and management of cancer. Nanostructures with biomimetic properties have been grown as of late, fully intent on observing and treating the sickness. These nanostructures are expected to be consumed by growth in areas with profound disease. Furthermore, because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties, which incorporate nanoscale aspects, a more prominent surface region, explicit geometrical features, and the ability to embody different substances within or on their outside surfaces, nanostructures are remarkable nano-vehicles for conveying restorative specialists to their designated regions. This review discusses recent developments in nanostructured materials such as graphene, dendrimers, cell-penetrating peptide nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, lipid nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and nano-omics in the diagnosis and management of cancer. 2025 by the authors. -
Psychological adjustment, choice of game genre and living arrangements among adolescents with and without IGD
In India, the prevalence of internet gaming disorders ranges from 8 to 9%. Adolescents are more likely to become addicted to online games. This study compares teenage gamers with and without Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in terms of game genre, psychosocial adjustment, and living conditions with a sample of 80 in each group. The results demonstrate that adolescents with this disorder had significantly higher scores for depression, anxiety, and psychosocial deterioration than adolescents without gaming disorder. Even though the prevalence of males is high, both genders do not significantly differ from one another in psychological adjustment. Another finding is that adolescents with gaming disorders play multiplayer online role-play games and Battle Royal games more frequently than average players. The prevalence of this disorder is also influenced by living conditions; teenagers who stay in hostels or pay guest rooms are more likely to develop a gaming addiction. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.