Browse Items (14421 total)
Sort by:
-
Panel data analysis of Indian textile exports in the post quota period /
Trade And Development Review, Vol. 11, Issue 1-2, pp.1-27. -
Pangenomics for developing salinity stress-tolerant plants
Soil salinity is a critical agricultural challenge that significantly reduces crop productivity and threatens global food security. With approximately 20% of irrigated land affected by salinity, innovative strategies are essential to develop salinity stress-tolerant crops. The field of pangenomics, a comprehensive approach to studying the genetic diversity within species, has immense potential to address this issue. Pangenomics includes core genomes, spanning the entire genus, and accessory genomes, which are species-specific, thus capturing the full spectrum of genetic variation. This approach enables the identification of novel genes and alleles associated with salinity tolerance, providing a robust foundation for genetic improvement programs. Salinity stress has a profound molecular and physiological impact on plants with multiple phenotypic manifestations, such as stunted growth, lesser crop yield, and reduced reproductive success. To solve these issues, advanced sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools used in constructing and analyzing pangenomes play a crucial role. This chapter goes into detail about techniques such as comparative genomics and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which are important for their effectiveness in identifying salinity tolerance genes. Functional validation methods, including CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA interference (RNAi), have also been discussed. This chapter highlights case studies on crops like rice and wheat to demonstrate the practical applications of pangenomics in developing salinity-tolerant varieties. Furthermore, by addressing the challenges and future directions in the field, one can emphasize the need for integrating multiomics data and refining analytical methods. Such an approach can help guide future research and breeding efforts toward sustainable agricultural practices and enhanced global food security. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Pangenomics for developing viral disease-resistant plants: Harnessing synergenetic pangenomics for advanced viral disease resistance in crops
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the global economy, but it also faces several significant challenges. One major challenge is the necessity to sustainably provide food for a rapidly expanding population. Additionally, agriculture must withstand the threat of different disease-causing pathogens, including various microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Viral diseases significantly impact crop growth, vitality, and yields, posing substantial threats to global agriculture. Despite their compact genomes, the viruses still lead to major losses in crop production. The study of plant viruses began over a century ago with the tobacco mosaic virus discovery, marking the inception of plant virology. Since then, hundreds of viruses have been identified, many of which induce severe damage to various crops. Viruses exhibit extensive genetic diversity, with RNA serving as the predominant genetic material. This genetic diversity profoundly influences their reproductive cycles and lifestyles, necessitating innovative strategies for disease management. This chapter discusses different pathogenic viruses along with various approaches to pest management, including the emergence of pangenomics as one of the advanced tools for understanding the diversity of genes among plant populations. Pangenomics encompasses both function-based and structure-based approaches, elucidating the core and dispensable genomes that contribute to discovering many agronomic traits related to disease resistance mechanisms, crop yield, flowering time, etc. Integrating the information from pangenomics into plant virology can revolutionize agriculture by enhancing crop production and crop yield, and also engineering viral disease-resistant plants to ensure global food security. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
PANI/Bi2O3 polymeric nanocomposite for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol
Nitro-aromatics pollute the aquatic environment and reach human beings via drinking water. 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) is the most common pollutant among them and can be reduced to non-toxic 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Polyaniline/bismuth oxide (PANI/Bi2O3) nanocomposite is synthesized from aniline and Bi2O3 by chemical oxidative polymerization. The composition and structural properties of PANI/Bi2O3 composite are identified by various characterization methods like X-ray powder diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis , and zeta potential analysis. The synthesized PANI/Bi2O3 shows high catalytic efficiency towards the reduction of 4-NP in the presence of NaBH4 under optimized reaction conditions. The numerous active sites on the composite and the presence of PANI/Bi2O3 interface are the reasons for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol. A complete degradation is achieved in 15min with 0.1g of the composite. This nanocomposite shows good stability for five cycles without losing efficiency. PANI/Bi2O3 possesses a high reduction capacity and can be used to reduce other nitro organic pollutants in water. The aim of the study is to study the effective catalytic reduction of 4-NP using PANI/Bi2O3. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
Paradigm of Green Technologies in Hospitality Industry and its Sustainability Analytics
The function of the study is to investigate the customer attitude towards the sustainable or Green Technologies adopted by the hospitality industry and how this has changed the purchase intentions of the customer. This also explores the disposition of people to pay for and repeat these services and how the new green practice and techniques have changed the brand image. The data was collected through a monitored survey from 448 people across India. The conceptual framework that was formulated is tested during structural equational modelling. As a result of the study, it was found that, green purchase intentions are significantly influenced by the attitude they have towards Green Technologies/services. All stakeholders in the hospitality industry in India will find this paper useful. 2022 IEEE. -
Paradigm shift from AI to XAI of Society 5.0: Machine-centric to human-centric
Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of things (IoT), and robotics have gained significant momentum to meet expectations in many applications. Data management has become a tedious job as businesses grow. The interruption of AI in business functions and a growing web-based service economy in the last decade have led the IoT to grow faster, reducing the tedious job. Timely interruption of eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) reduces the technical complexities. On the one hand, the AI of Industry 4.0 promises the easiness of business functions. On the other hand, XAI of Society 5.0 tends to ease people's social life. This chapter ascertains the impact of AI on significant business functions and tries to bring out challenges AI faces and ethical values that must be considered in business functions. This chapter also tries to shed some light on the evolution of XAI of Society 5.0 and reasons for the shift from AI to XAI or machine-centric to human-centric and concludes by highlighting the future of XAI. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Paradigms of posthumanism on screen: A study of films in Bollywood
Fine arts and cultural studies contribute greatly to the popular understanding of posthumanism. The ideas that are encapsulated under the umbrella of the term "posthumanism" help break away from the discourses that place the human at the center and expand to include dialogues against similar totalizing concepts. A movement towards posthumanism in Indian films can be observed in Bollywood's growing repository. This chapter studies the paradigms of posthumanism in Bollywood and its understanding in the Southeast Asian country. Environmental humanities, sci-fi, and horror act as the most fertile fields of study of the tenets of posthumanism as they grapple with societal debates. The chapter undertakes the study of posthumanism in Bollywood through an analysis of movies under Maddock films, namely Go Goa Gone, Bhediya, and Munjya. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Parallel Algorithm to find Integer k where a given Well-Distributed Graph is k-Metric Dimensional
Networks are very important in the world. In signal processing, the towers are modeled as nodes (vertices) and if two towers communicate, then they have an arc (edge) between them or precisely, they are adjacent. The least number of nodes in a network that can uniquely locate every node in the network is known in the network theory as the resolving set of a network. One of the properties that is used in determining the resolving set is the distance between the nodes. Two nodes are at a distance one if there is a single arc can link them whereas the distance between any two random nodes in the network is the least number of distinct arcs that can link them. We propose two algorithms in this paper with the proofs of correctness. The first one is in lines with the BFS that find distance between a designated node to every other node in the network. This algorithm runs in O(log n). The second algorithm is to identify the integer k, such that the given graph is k-metric dimensional. This can be implemented in O(log n) time with O(n2) processors in a CRCW PRAM. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Parallel organizations and subversion of the grass-roots democracy in Andhra Pradesh
[No abstract available] -
Parallel queue scheduling in Dynamic Cloud environment using Backfilling algorithm
Cloud Computing reshapes the entire computing paradigm. In general, cloud computing means outsourcing available services and data storage in centralized scenario. In cloud computing task allocation is a major problem because multiple numbers of tasks are allocated to multiple numbers of processors for simultaneous processing. From the given list, tasks are queued according to the ascending order based on their duration. This paper is designed to solve the Task Scheduling problem, by using our proposed effective new approach of Backfilling algorithm. Depending upon the task duration, tasks are split into multiple threads for processing. Multiple thread tasks are processed in the basic concept of "gang scheduling" technique. Here we implement new backfilling algorithm concept to minimize the idle processing time of the processors. The existing Simple Backfilling Algorithm (SBA) is used to minimize the ideal time processing. Whereas comparatively Dynamic Cloud Scheduling using Backfilling Algorithm (DCBA) is designed to reduce the ideal time processing than SBA to carry out the process of both LQueue and SQueue simultaneously. At the outset, DCBA reduces the average waiting time. As mentioned the algorithm which is specified in the previous line that contains three level which represent the working speed of the algorithm. The first and second level of DCBA algorithm is comparatively similar to the performance of SBA algorithm. The maximum better performance was given in a queue size (q=1.5) by DCBA algorithm as compare to SBA algorithm. The existing type (Gang Scheduling) consist of two approaches namely Adaptive First Come First Serve (AFCFS) and Largest Job First Served (LJFS) that focus on non-parallel jobs with deadline. When compare to existing gang scheduling algorithm and SBA algorithm the average waiting time of DCBA has slight improvement in the loader level of the key. As the separation of the queue like LQ and SQ the waiting time and average waiting time is reduced comparatively. 2018, Intelligent Network and Systems Society. -
Parallelization of frequent itemset mining methods with fp-tree: An experiment with prepost+ algorithm
Parallel processing has turn to be a common programming practice because of its efficiency and thus becomes an interesting field for researchers. With the introduction of multi-core processors as well as general purpose graphics processing units, parallel programming has become affordable. This leads to the parallelization of many of the complex data processing algorithms including algorithms in data mining. In this paper, a study on parallel PrePost+ is presented. PrePost+ is an efficient frequent itemset mining algorithm. The algorithm has been modified as a parallel algorithm and the obtained result is compared with the result of sequential PrePost+ algorithm. 2021, Zarka Private University. All rights reserved. -
Parallelizing keyframe extraction for video summarization
In current era, most of the information is captured using multimedia techniques. Most used methods for information capturing is through images and videos. In processing a video, large information needs to be processed and a number of frames could contain similar information which could cause unnecessary delay in gathering the required information. Video summarization can speed up video processing. There are different techniques for video summarization. In this paper key frames are used for summarization. Key frames are extracted using discrete wavelet transforms. Two HD videos having 356 frames and 7293 frames were used as test videos and the runtime was 17 seconds and 98 seconds respectively in CPU and 11 seconds and 53 seconds respectively in GPU. 2015 IEEE. -
Paramagnetic mononuclear oxovanadium(IV) complex as oxidation catalyst
2-Thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone is added with equimolar mixture of vanadyl acetyl acetonate in methanol to obtain oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone. Oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone is acted as an effective catalyst in the process. The catalytic reactions were carried under room temperature. The products generated were benzil and furil. The influence of solvent, oxidant and quantity of catalyst has been investigated. Oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarba-nicotinic hydrazone proves significantly higher catalytic activity towards oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones. The catalyst was proved to be very effective due to its recovery by simple filteration after completion of the reaction. It was reused several times which suggests that there is no change in the catalytic efficiency. Oxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-thiophenecarbanicotinic hydrazone did not show any leaching during the reaction, confirmed the heterogeneous nature. 2018 Chemical Publishing Co. All Rights Reserved. -
Parametric analysis for thermally magnetized hybrid ternary (TMHT) nanofluid flow on thin film with temperature stratification
The thermophysical examination of flow field claims various applications in both scientific and industrial domains and hence it remains important to inspect especially when both the heat and mass transfer are taken simultaneously. Owning such motivation, the present study offers a response surface optimization for thermal flow field of hybrid ternary water-based aluminium, silicon and Zinc nanofluid over a stretched surface manifested with both temperature stratification and concentration stratification effects. The governing equations are formulated for mathematical model and those PDE's are reduced to ODE's by using appropriate similarity transformations. Those obtained resultant equations are solved numerically by using Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth fifth-order (RKF 45) technique. The supremacy of essential aspects on the flow field, heat and mass transfer rates were analyzed using graphical representation. Additionally, Response surface Methodology is performed to derived the heat transfer rate as a response function for the input factors for different parameters. From the graph it is noticed that temperature profile drops as the thermal stratification parameter increases. The temperature admits the direct relation with an increase in the solid volume fraction of ternary nanofluids. From RSM it is noticed that adjusted R-squared and R-squared are obtained as 100 % accuracy of the mathematical model. 2025 The Author(s) -
Parametric analysis for thermally magnetized hybrid ternary (TMHT) nanofluid flow on thin film with temperature stratification
The thermophysical examination of flow field claims various applications in both scientific and industrial domains and hence it remains important to inspect especially when both the heat and mass transfer are taken simultaneously. Owning such motivation, the present study offers a response surface optimization for thermal flow field of hybrid ternary water-based aluminium, silicon and Zinc nanofluid over a stretched surface manifested with both temperature stratification and concentration stratification effects. The governing equations are formulated for mathematical model and those PDE's are reduced to ODE's by using appropriate similarity transformations. Those obtained resultant equations are solved numerically by using Runge Kutta Fehlberg fourth fifth-order (RKF 45) technique. The supremacy of essential aspects on the flow field, heat and mass transfer rates were analyzed using graphical representation. Additionally, Response surface Methodology is performed to derived the heat transfer rate as a response function for the input factors for different parameters. From the graph it is noticed that temperature profile drops as the thermal stratification parameter increases. The temperature admits the direct relation with an increase in the solid volume fraction of ternary nanofluids. From RSM it is noticed that adjusted R-squared and R-squared are obtained as 100 % accuracy of the mathematical model. 2025 The Author(s) -
Parametric analysis of control parameters for investigating the machinability of inconel 718 using ceramic inserts of round type
Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium based super alloy and has high corrosion and thermal resistance, high hardness, and high thermal strength at elevated temperatures which makes it difficult to cut. Due to these mechanical properties, it is being used in toughest conditions and hence the tool life is extremely short. This hard to cut metallic alloy has a wide scope in the field of bio medical industry, aerospace industry, bearing industry, steam turbine and nuclear applications and the demand has rapidly been increased in the recent years. Ceramic insert is one such cutting tool being used in the machining of this metal and study is still being conducted to increase the machinability. This paper investigates the machinability characteristics for determining the machinability of Inconel 718 using ceramic insert based on Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) and signal to noise (S/N) ratio. The input parameters such as feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut are taken into consideration to obtain the suitable response parameters such as minimal surface roughness and low tool wear rate to improvise the machining characteristics of this superalloy. Ceramic inserts had even been cryogenic treated to provide better machining conditions on the Inconel 718. 2023 Author(s). -
Parametric effect of minimum quantity lubrication unit using RSM technique to improve the machinability of Inconel 718
In recent years, a rapid demand of superalloys has been seen in all industrial sectors. Few growing industries such as aerospace and biomedical industries are in need of this superalloy for fabrication of variety of products. Inconel 718 is one such superalloy which is being used for the manufacture of these productions due to high tensile strength, corrosion resistance, hardness and toughness. Due to these superior quality feature of this material friction is being seen at the tool-work interface region. This friction can be reduced by minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) unit which provides coolant at the right time. This paper discusses the minimum quantity lubrication unit used in computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine to improve the machinability of Inconel 718 by reduction of temperature at tool-work interface region and also the parametric effect using response surface methodology (RSM). Minimum quantity lubrication unit allows the cutting fluid to flow out of the nozzle at minimum speed to the cutting region which provides maximum volume of heat removal at very minimized usage of fluid. RSM technique is being implemented to improvise the experimental runs with proper way of extracting the readings and providing the observations. Instead of generating huge datas, RSM shows the accurate path of providing the data in a specified generative table. [copyright information to be updated in production process] 2022 -
Parametric effect on machining characteristics of laser machined Al7075TiB2 in-situ composite
The effect of laser parameters on the machining characteristics of an Al7075 based in-situ metal matrix composite reinforced with Titanium diboride(TiB2) is investigated. The cutting speed (at 10001200 m/hr), stand-off distance (SOD) (0.30.5 mm), and gas pressure (0.50.7 bar) were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to validate the machining behaviour of in-situ composites. Surface roughness and dimensional error decrease as the SOD increases up to 0.4 mm, but both increases as the SOD increases to 0.5 mm. whereas the volumetric material removal rate (VMRR) increases up to 0.4 mm SOD and then decreases as SOD increases (0.5 mm). Surface roughness, VMRR, and dimensional error were all found to increase with laser speed. Surface roughness and dimensional error increase as gas pressure increase up to 0.5 bar, then decreases. The VMRR, on the other hand, increased continuously as the assist gas pressure increased. Copyright 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Parametric investigation on the tool wear while performing face milling on inconel 718 using round insert
Machining of Inconel 718 has become a material of great purpose in the machining industry. Since Inconel is considered to be a super alloy which possess high material property such as high thermal fatigue, high strength and high resistance to corrosion it is thus considered to be a material which is hard to machine. This paper gives an overview on the tool wear that takes place while machining. Machining was carried out in a CNC milling machine with the help of a tungsten carbide circular insert. The cutting parameters taken into consideration were cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Tool wear was analysed with the help of tool makers microscope. Statistical analysis was done on the MINITAB 18 software by using regression analysis. The regression analysis was carried out by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) the mathematical model for each individual response has been developed from regression equations considering analysis of cutting parameters as independent variables which was found to be significantly accurate. BEIESP. -
Parametric optimization on hot air assisted hybrid machining of soda-lime glass using Taguchi based grey relational analysis
The present research underlines the development of a hybrid method for the machining of soda-lime glass known as the hot air assisted hybrid machining. It is a combination of conventional machining assisted with the jet of hot air. The influence of process variables such as feed of the cutting tool, flow of hot air, depth of cut, and the air temperature on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) applied to the grooving operation have been investigated. The Taguchi orthogonal array L27 was considered to reduce the number of experiments. The ANOVA was used to recognize the major influencing process parameters for the MRR and Ra. The results of ANOVA indicate that the air temperature is the most significant parameter for the objective of maximum MRR and minimum Ra with contributions ratios of 56.91% and 52.68% respectively for the grooving operation on soda-lime glass. The optimal machining parameters for the maximum MRR and minimum Ra were found to be A1B1C3D3 and A1B1C1D3 respectively. The multi-objective optimization was performed using the Taguchi based grey relational analysis (GRA). The optimal level of parameters based on GRA for maximum MRR and minimum Ra was found to be A1B1C3D3. In addition, the material removal process was explained with the help of SEM micrographs. 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.