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Perceived Reality of Self and Others with Two Childhood Trauma Survivors - An Idiographic Case Study
Impacts of childhood trauma can be crucial in understanding personality traits and psychological distress. However, it could be hard to predict if these individuals develop posttraumatic stress or growth. Several quantitative research studies have concluded the connections between childhood trauma and psychopathology or maladaptive personality traits. Various researchers have discovered the negative consequences of early childhood trauma and its long-term effects which may be rudimentary in understanding the causation of life-long psychological and medical deficiencies. This has been very elementary in understanding trait patterns and psychopathology for outcome generalizability and implementing prevention and intervention models. However, these studies still fail to spotlight the importance of the lived experiences of trauma survivors. Nevertheless, the present study is an idiographic single-case study research design used in the exploration of the lived experiences and perceived reality of self and others with two childhood trauma survivors. The Electrochemical Society -
Green Fuel Combustion Synthesis of CeO2 and Ag/CeO2 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Applications
Silver-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ag/CeO2 NPs) were synthesized using Ricinus communis seed extract as a bio-derived fuel in a solution combustion method. The combustion reaction, carried out at 450C with AgNO3 and (NH4)2[Ce (NO3)6] as metal precursors, produced CeO2 and Ag/CeO2 NPs. Their structure and morphology were estimated by P-XRD and TEM, which confirmed the formation of cerianite with cubic fluorite CeO2 crystal structure, while SEM revealed a porous morphology characteristic of combustion-driven gas evolution. EDS revealed the presence of Ce, O, and Ag in the Ag/CeO2 NPs. Optical studies, including UVVis and PL, showed that Ag incorporation narrowed the band gap and improved charge-carrier separation, contributing to enhanced visible-light activity. XPS analysis verified the successful incorporation of Ag species into the CeO2 lattice. Among the investigated NPs, the 0.3 wt% Ag/CeO2 sample exhibited the lowest PL intensity, indicating improved charge-carrier separation, which was further supported by its high quantum yield (0.789). These results correlate with its enhanced photocatalytic activity. The nanomaterials were evaluated for dye degradation, Cr (VI) reduction, photocatalytic H2 evolution, and antibacterial activity. The influences of pH, catalyst dosage, dye concentration, light intensity, radical scavengers, and recyclability were also systematically assessed. Overall, the study presents a sustainable synthesis approach for high-performance Ag/CeO2 NPs with broad potential in environmental remediation and antimicrobial applications. 2026 The Author(s). Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering published by Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
Impact of Ionic Liquids on the Crystal Growth and Surface Morphology of Ruthenium-doped TiO2 Nano Heterojunction Structures for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Evans Blue Dye and the Associated Antibacterial Activities
Novel Ru-doped TiO2 nanocomposites (Ru/TiO2 NCs) were synthesized at a 130 C temperature and 24-h incubation period using hydrothermal methods with and without ionic liquids (ILs). NCs were synthesized using 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as the ILs and titanium(IV) isopropoxide and ruthenium(III) nitrate as the precursors. The presence of Ru in the NCs was analyzed using different characterization techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of anatase and rutile phases as well as the nanocrystalline texture of the prepared Ru/TiO2 NCs. The presence of Ru, Ti, and O was confirmed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical properties and bandgap energies of Ru/TiO2 NCs were determined via ultraviolet (UV)visible (Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; the optical properties exhibited a redshift in the optical response toward the visible region owing to the reduced bandgap energy of Ru/TiO2 NCs in the visible region after doping Ru into the TiO2 nanocrystalline structure. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed a highly voluminous and porous network of Ru/TiO2 NCs. Moreover, different concentrations of Ru were doped into the TiO2 matrix to investigate the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Among all the synthesized NCs, 0.3-wt% Ru/TiO2 NCs exhibited high photocatalytic degradation efficiency and was therefore considered the optimum concentration. Moreover, it exhibited the highest BET surface area and quantum efficiency compared with other Ru/TiO2 NCs. Results revealed that Ru/TiO2 NCs synthesized via IL-assisted hydrothermal method, i.e., R3TL, exhibited considerably enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activities compared to the NCs synthesized without the ILs, i.e., R3TH. The inhibition pattern showed an excellent zone of inhibition (p < 0.001) in several strains with both NCs (R3TL and R3TH). However, Gram-positive Staphylococcusaureus exhibited a remarkably increased zone of inhibition (35 mm) compared with all the other strains used for R3TH. In contrast, Bacillus sp. exhibited the second largest zone of inhibition (21 mm) for R3TL after S. aureus (34 mm). In summary, this study emphasized the role of ILs and reaction mechanisms. The author(s) 2025. -
Eco-friendly synthesis of NiO and Ag/NiO nanoparticles: Applications in photocatalytic and antibacterial activities
Herein, NiO and Ag/NiO NPs were produced via the solution combustion method using nickel nitrate and silver nitrate as oxidizers and Cocos nucifera water as a fuel at 450C. The study also explores their applications in photocatalytic dye degradation, H 2 production and antibacterial properties. The primary advantage of using C. nucifera water as a green fuel in the solution combustion method is that it serves a dual purpose - both as a fuel and as a solvent. This eliminates the need for additional water to create a homogeneous redox mixture of fuel and oxidant in the experimental procedure. X-ray diffraction confirmed the existence of Ag in the bunsenite form of rhombohedral structure with a simple cubic system, with particles sized at 31-44 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed Ni, O and Ag weight percentages of 48.2, 44.5 and 7.3%, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Ag in NiO nanostructure. UV-visible spectrometry showed reduced band gap energy of Ag/NiO NPs (3.03-2.87 eV) compared to the bare NiO NPs (3.21 eV), red shift of the optical response towards the visible region after doping Ag into the NiO. The 0.3 wt% Ag/NiO NPs showed the highest quantum efficiency (0.781) among the other synthesized NPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed absorption bands in the range of 460-900 cm -1 stretching vibrations of Ni-O and Ag-O. Photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated that a doping concentration of 0.3 wt% Ag effectively introduces donor levels, defect levels and surface trap states within the NiO nanocrystalline structure, enhancing charge carrier separation and reducing recombination. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a voluminous, porous surface morphology characterized by numerous voids, resulting from the release of various combustible gases during the combustion process. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that most particles were spherical, irregular in size and well-distributed, with minimal aggregation with an average particle size of 25.8 nm. BET analysis of both NiO and 0.3 wt% Ag/NiO NPs exhibited type IV adsorption isotherms, indicating mesoporous structures and a clear monolayer-multilayer adsorption process, 0.3 wt% Ag/NiO NPs showed the highest surface area (170 m2 g-1) compared to the NiO (130 m2 g-1) NPs. Ag/NiO NPs has demonstrated a promising H2 evolution rate of 1212 ?mol g-1 under visible light illumination in a water/ethanol system. The trypan blue dye degradation reaches up to 98% and has moderate stability for the reusable photocatalysis process. The synthesized NPs exhibited significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against a range of bacterial strains. 2025 The Authors. -
Role of Ionic Liquids in Hydrothermal Synthesis of Li-Doped CuO Nanoparticles: Improved Photocatalytic, Electrochemical, and Antibacterial Properties
Lithium-doped copper oxide nanoparticles (Li-CuO NPs) were synthesized via an ionic-liquid-assisted hydrothermal method to examine the role of ionic liquids in tailoring structural and functional properties. PXRD analysis confirmed phase-pure monoclinic CuO (JCPDS/PDF No. 45-0937), with a reduction in crystallite size from 46nm (CuO) to 39nm upon Li incorporation. BET analysis revealed mesoporous characteristics with a specific surface area of 85m2 g?1 and an average pore diameter of 10nm. Optical studies showed a red shift in absorption and a band gap narrowing from 2.61eV (CuO) to 2.35eV (Li-CuO), indicating enhanced visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic performance of Li-CuO NPs was evaluated using Evans Blue dye under visible-light irradiation, achieving 96.67% degradation within 2h, along with good stability over repeated fourth cycles. The effects of various parameters, including pH, catalyst loading, dye concentration, illumination intensity, and the recyclability and reusability of the catalyst, were also investigated. Electrochemical studies demonstrated enhanced redox activity and improved charge-transfer behavior for dye sensing. In addition, Li-CuO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, attributed to lithium-induced defects, and increased surface reactivity. These findings highlight ionic-liquid-assisted lithium doping as an effective approach for improving the multifunctional performance of CuO-based nanomaterials. 2026 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Wear rate prediction of hybrid composites: A comparative study using experimental analysis, finite element simulation and machine learning prediction
This study evaluates wear rate predictions by comparing experimental results with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations, focusing on the influence of track radius. Regression models were developed to analyze the trends, while residual analysis identified deviations between the two approaches. A correlation matrix highlighted significant relationships between wear rate, pressure, and sliding distance. Confidence interval analysis confirmed the reliability of both models, though polynomial regression provided a more accurate representation of wear rate trends than linear models. While FEA predictions are closely aligned with experimental data, some discrepancies suggest the need for further refinement in computational modeling to improve accuracy. Future work will focus on enhancing FEA simulations and expanding experimental validation for better predictive reliability. 2025, Malaysian Tribology Society (Mytribos). All rights reserved. -
Application of Artificial Intelligence for Enhancement of Privacy and Security in Smart Environment
With the advancement of urbanization, city public privacy and security are growing increasingly crucial. City public privacy and security is not just the basis of environmental growth, but also the primary assurance for the long-term security of inhabitants existence. The idea of a smart environment is continually being explored in the present-day artificial intelligence (AI) setting. Urban public privacy and security have also introduced novel issues and difficulties. To objective of this paper is to employ AI innovation to create an effective public privacy and security data resources management platform in a smart environment. One of the main objectives of the study of AI was to allow systems to execute complicated activities that would ordinarily need human intellect. In this paper, the neural network (NN) data processing technique was used. As indication statistics, variables impacting urban public privacy and security were evaluated. The feed forward back-propagation NN (BPNN) was utilized in this study to anticipate indices statistics in real-time, which enabled the administration tasks of risk surveillance and initial alert of public privacy and security data indications to be accomplished. The outcomes indicated that the BPNN method had a mean prediction performance of roughly 89% for indication prediction, which was 16.1% points greater than the conventional NN method. The BPNN methods mean hazard alert accuracy pace was 90.3%, which was 16.5% greater than that of the typical NN method. This demonstrates that the BPNN method used in this study, which employs AI innovation, can perform advanced alerting of threats and administration of urban public privacy and security more effectively and precisely. 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc. -
Does salesperson-brand personality congruence impact perceived service quality of the salesperson? A study of small retailers in emerging markets
Purpose: Based on the theoretical lenses of social identity theory (SIT), this research study analyses the dyadic relationship of congruence between salesperson and brand personality. By exploring the salesperson-brand personality congruence, this study proposes to measure the impact of this congruence on the retailers perception of salespersons perceived service quality performance (SalesPerf). Design/methodology/approach: The study is structured around collecting data from small retailers through an offline survey. In this study, linear associations between the various elements of the theoretical model are determined using covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). Findings: The analysis of results suggest that a retailer's perception of the salesperson's brand personality congruence positively influences the salesperson's perceived service quality. However, the retailer's satisfaction with the brand does not moderate the relationship between the retailer's perception of the salesperson's brand personality congruence and the salesperson's perceived service quality. Originality/value: This research fills the void in contemporary research by adopting a novel strategy to examine the perception of retailers toward the dyadic relationship between salesperson-brand congruence (SBPC) and salesperson's perceived service quality (PSQ). The study further enriches the existing literature by measuring the moderating role of retailer's satisfaction with the brand (SAT) on the retailer's perception of the salesperson's brand congruence (SBPC) and salesperson's perceived service quality (PSQ). 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Flowing Blood Analysis & Separation: Integrating Raman Spectroscopy & Acoustophoresis in a Microfluidic System
The proposed system combines Raman Spectroscopy and Acoustophoresis in a microfluidic environment to provide label-free analysis and separation of the cells present in the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Based on the Raman Effect, Raman Spectroscopy captures crucial information about the structural and vibrational traits of the blood sample, exposing the molecules to monochromatic radiation and recording their Raman shift. This data is processed using LSTM recurrent neural networks, creating a deep-learning framework for species identification and quantification. The model can forecast the cell population in the blood sample and obtain information on the size and compressibility of individual cells due to the microfluidic nature of the data received by the Raman Spectroscope. Raman spectra allow estimation of the cell size and compressibility, guiding cell separation using acoustophoresis and allowing adjustments of the acoustic wave frequency based on the estimated size and compressibility of the cells. The targeted cells are directed toward a designated collection chamber within the microfluidic system by dynamically adjusting the acoustic wave frequency. Repeated application allows complete separation of the cells and pressure-driven delivery of the targeted cells to their respective collection reservoirs. 2025 IEEE. -
A Family of Mexican Hat Wavelet Stieltjes Transform for Unbounded Non-decreasing Functions
In the present article, we examine the characteristics of the Mexican hat wavelet Stieltjes transform (MHWST) for a specific set of functions belonging to one of the sub-class of bounded variation functions. The subset comprises functions that are unbounded and non-decreasing. Further, a unified approach is applied to establish a uniqueness theorem and subsequently derive a representation theorem for the MHWST. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India 2024. -
Integral Transforms andGeneralized Quotient Space ontheTorus
In this chapter, we discuss one of the recent generalization of Schwartz distributions that has significantly influenced the expansion of various mathematical disciplines. Here, we study the space of generalized quotient on the torus. Different integral transforms are investigated on the space of generalized quotients on the torus BS?(Td). The space BS?(Td) is made of both distributions as well as space of hyperfunctions on the torus. Further, by introducing the relation between the Fourier and other integral transforms, the conditional theorems are proved for generalized quotients on tours. Moreover, we study the convergence structure of delta-convergence on the generalized quotient space, and an inversion theorem is proved. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Impact of helpful reviews on customer purchase intention with special reference to mobile phone reviews
Technological advances in the digital space have provided renewed impetus to businesses. Costly, labor-intensive marketing campaigns have been replaced by digital marketing. However, along with benefits, the increasing sophistication and exponential growth of e-commerce businesses have also introduced new challenges. The large number of similar product offerings and the high volume of reviews have created a technology-induced hurdle for consumers that can impair their thought processes. Often, users will only scan the top few reviews to arrive at a decision. In the current setup, older reviews that accumulate votes over time are found at the top of the helpful review list, in contrast to fresh entrants. The current study proposes placing reviews in appropriate positions in the helpful review list using statistical and scientifically derived helpfulness scores. The study utilized a sample of consumer goods (specifically, mobile phones) and re-ranked reviews based on their expected score. Amazon.in provided the initial review dataset. Random Forest and gradient-boosting regression techniques were used to predict review helpfulness. An Elaboration Likelihood Model was used to explore the impact of central and peripheral cues on review helpfulness. The gradient-boosting regression was the best-performing method of predicting review helpfulness, and the reviews were re-ranked. The re-ranked reviews were tested for helpfulness vis-a-vis the initial ranking of reviews using the survey method. The result indicated that the proposed re-ranking of reviews was more helpful to end users and helped mitigate uncertainty in decisions. The study utilized the Information Acceptance Model to assess the influence of electronic word of mouth on purchase intention. 2023 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. -
A Meta-Analysis on the Determinants of Online Product Reviews with Moderating Effect of Product Type
The technological advances in digital space have provided a renewed impetus for business to expand their footprint across digital modes. The growth of the internet and the ease of its access to the masses has encouraged many businesses to go online. Online e-commerce platforms make it easy to search, locate and place orders. Technology-assisted supply chains and fast delivery mechanisms ensure that users don't have to go elsewhere to fulfill their needs. To earn loyalty and customer satisfaction, e-commerce platforms have evolved into a sophisticated recommender system. It has evolved from just an informational source to a participative mode where users can share their experiences about their purchases. Customer values other user experiences more than the information provided by the seller. The presence of many conflicting and contradicting reviews can make the task of making rational decisions difficult for many users. Many studies were performed to understand what constitutes a review helpful and came up with different or mixed outcomes. The present study reviews the factors that influence online customer reviews helpful. Meta-analysis was performed to reconcile the mixed findings of different factors of online review helpfulness. The meta-analysis found that with the moderating effect of product type, factors like review length, readability, rating, reputation, and expertise positively correlate with helpfulness. Further, the customer finds moderate reviews more helpful in terms of polarity. Meta-analysis has a mix of findings for the selected data points in the study. The mixed findings include product type (search, experience, or other) and helpfulness measurement criteria. 2022 Kavita Rawat and Sunita Kumar. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. -
Quantum Computing: Navigating The Technological Landscape for Future Advancements
Quantum Computing represents a transformative paradigm in information processing, leveraging principles of quantum mechanics to enable computations that transcend the limitations of classical computing. This research paper explores the cutting-edge technologies employed in Quantum Computing, examining the key components that facilitate quantum information processing.The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive exploration of the state-of-the-art technologies in Quantum Computing, laying the groundwork for future advancements and applications in this rapidly evolving field.The methodology employed in this study integrates three analytical approaches: sentiment analysis, topic modeling, and thematic analysis. Sentiment analysis is utilized to discern and quantify emotional tones within the content. Topic modeling is applied to identify latent themes and patterns within the data, revealing underlying structures. Thematic analysis, on the other hand, involves a systematic identification and exploration of recurrent themes to provide a nuanced understanding of the subject matter. This tripartite methodology ensures a comprehensive examination of the data, facilitating a robust and multifaceted analysis of quantum computing technologies. 2024 IEEE. -
Abelian-Type Results for the Mexican Hat Wavelet Transform of Compactly Supported Distributions
In this paper, we introduce a distribution space that extends the framework of the Abelian theorems to the Mexican hat wavelet transform (MHWT) of distributions. We establish two Abelian theorems for the MHWT applied to compactly supported distributions and for locally integrable functions, providing new insights into their asymptotic behavior. 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. -
A Family of Mexican Hat Wavelet Stieltjes Transform for Unbounded Non-decreasing Functions
In the present article, we examine the characteristics of the Mexican hat wavelet Stieltjes transform (MHWST) for a specific set of functions belonging to one of the sub-class of bounded variation functions. The subset comprises functions that are unbounded and non-decreasing. Further, a unified approach is applied to establish a uniqueness theorem and subsequently derive a representation theorem for the MHWST. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The National Academy of Sciences, India 2024. -
RESPONSIBLE AI-READINESS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: VALIDATING A DUAL-MODEL FRAMEWORK FOR FACULTY DEVELOPMENT
Aim/Purpose This study validates a responsible artificial intelligence (AI) framework designed to strengthen AI-readiness among higher education faculty in India. Background With the increasing use of AI in education, faculty require structured support; however, faculty development models for responsible AI integration remain limited. Methodology A mixed-methods pilot study with ten humanities and performing arts faculty used a dual-model evaluation approach. Three sessions from the framework were implemented, and data were collected through knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) surveys, cognitive-affective-psychomotor (CAP) performance rubrics, and reflective responses. Contribution This study validates a dual-model framework for faculty development regarding responsible AI readiness. Findings The adapted KAP survey demonstrated strong reliability, with higher AI knowledge associated with more positive attitudes. However, knowledge did not consistently translate into practice, highlighting the need for structured hands-on learning. CAP-based performance assessments and reflections indicated improved ethical awareness, critical engagement, and foundational AI-integration skills. Recommendations for Practitioners Institutions should embed structured AI-training for faculty, with authentic instructional tasks. Recommendations for Researchers Future research should test this approach across larger and more diverse institutional contexts. Impact on Society Developing AI-ready faculty can foster ethical and future-focused learning environments. Future Research Future studies should expand across disciplines and examine longer-term outcomes. (2025), (Informing Science Institute). All rights reserved. -
The Troubling Emergence of Hallucination in Large Language Models - An Extensive Definition, Quantification, and Prescriptive Remediations
The recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered widespread acclaim for their remarkable emerging capabilities. However, the issue of hallucination has parallelly emerged as a by-product, posing significant concerns. While some recent endeavors have been made to identify and mitigate different types of hallucination, there has been a limited emphasis on the nuanced categorization of hallucination and associated mitigation methods. To address this gap, we offer a fine-grained discourse on profiling hallucination based on its degree, orientation, and category, along with offering strategies for alleviation. As such, we define two overarching orientations of hallucination: (i) factual mirage (FM) and (ii) silver lining (SL). To provide a more comprehensive understanding, both orientations are further sub-categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic, with three degrees of severity - (i) mild, (ii) moderate, and (iii) alarming. We also meticulously categorize hallucination into six types: (i) acronym ambiguity, (ii) numeric nuisance, (iii) generated golem, (iv) virtual voice, (v) geographic erratum, and (vi) time wrap. Furthermore, we curate HallucInation eLiciTation (), a publicly available dataset comprising of 75,000 samples generated using 15 contemporary LLMs along with human annotations for the aforementioned categories. Finally, to establish a method for quantifying and to offer a comparative spectrum that allows us to evaluate and rank LLMs based on their vulnerability to producing hallucinations, we propose Hallucination Vulnerability Index (HVI). Amidst the extensive deliberations on policy-making for regulating AI development, it is of utmost importance to assess and measure which LLM is more vulnerable towards hallucination. We firmly believe that HVI holds significant value as a tool for the wider NLP community, with the potential to serve as a rubric in AI-related policy-making. In conclusion, we propose two solution strategies for mitigating hallucinations. 2023 Association for Computational Linguistics. -
Fragile pillars of food security: exploring the challenges of availability, accessibility, and quality for global food regime; [Pilares freis da seguran alimentar: explorao dos desafios de disponibilidade, acessibilidade e qualidade para o regime alimentar global]
Hunger is a critical issue impacting a greater part of the world. Food distribution systems are failing millions of people, thereby leading to the crisis of food security. Various international declarations, like the UDHR and the ICESCR, have designated food and basic nutrition as integral elements of human rights. Therefore, provision for adequate and affordable food to all has become the dominant value for relevant regulatory and policy regimes. The problem is particularly sensitive to war-like events as is revealed by troubling statistics emerging against the backdrop of Covid-19, Russia-Ukraine War, and Israel-Hamas crisis. All these recent events have increased global food security concerns. This paper evaluates the fragile nature of food security in its multidisciplinary dimension. The methodology undertaken is a combination of quantitative and qualitative analytical mechanisms to explore the multidimensional issues of food insecurity. A systematic approach has been taken to identify food availability, food accessibility, food utilization, and environmental vulnerability as the intrinsic obstacles to any regulatory intervention. In this context, the paper analyses challenges to food accessibility as the core problem of right to food and food sovereignty regimes. It signifies the connection between the structural notion of accessibility and the legal concept of right to food through food sovereignty. It analyses the causal linkages between the problem of food security and other fundamental policy challenges, like poverty, unemployment, and social inequality. The international nature of the crisis is also manifested in the classic developed-developing nations divide. It, consequently, highlights the structural inefficiencies of the powerful international bodies, like the WTO, the World Bank, and the IMF. The comprehensive nature of the problem is explored through the idea of food sovereignty, which signifies the cultural sensitivity of food and nutrition. Food insecurity is not merely a productivity problem. The paper, therefore, suggests a consumer-centric model of food distribution and accessibility as an optimal and practical model for public policy and regulations. 2024 Centro Universitario de Brasilia. All rights reserved. -
Exploring the various methodologies of auditing the variables in a food supply chain and suggesting integrated audit framework
In recent years, the food supply chain has faced huge uncertainties, which has led to increasing interest in effective supply chain management in the industry. By considering the five key system inputs (purchasing, receiving, storing, processing, distributing) that are indispensable in the supply chain, the company can first take action to stabilize the supply chain performance, and secondly to improve its effectiveness by reducing uncertainty in the supply chain and operational capabilities. This paper outlines the key drivers and uncertainties in the food supply chain and describes a structured supply chain audit that can be used to measure the effectiveness of the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to study the existing audit framework and regulations for food safety in the food supply chain and examine the flaws in the existing framework and build a consolidated single framework that incorporates the best practices and fills the gap of the existing audit frameworks for food security. 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved.