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Photoresponsive Carbon-Azobenzene Hybrids: A Promising Material for Energy Devices
Advancements in renewable energy technology have been a hot topic in the field of photoresponsive materials for a sustainable community. Organic compounds that function as photoswitches is being researched and developed for use in a variety of energy storage systems. Azobenzene photoswitches can be used to store and release solar energy in solar thermal fuels. This review draws out the significance of azobenzene as photoswitches and its recent advances in solar thermal fuels. The recent developments of nano carbon templated azobenzene, their interactions and the effect of substituents are highlighted. The review also introduces their applications in solar thermal fuels and concludes with the challenges and future scope of the material. The advancements of solar thermal fuels with cost effective and desired optimal properties can be explored by scientists and engineers from different technological backgrounds. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Photosensitizer Anchored Nanoparticles: A Potential Material for Photodynamic Therapy
Detection and treatment of cancer have been demanding areas with the increase in cancer and malignant diseases across the globe. Photodynamic therapy is a multi-step treatment procedure using photosensitizers as a drug in the presence of light. Photosensitizers anchored on different nanomaterials through covalent and non-covalent interactions contribute significantly to photodynamic therapy. Nanoparticles have been employed as promising carriers to transport photosensitizers to the target cells. Photosensitizer functionalized nanoparticles are more effective in terms of stability and water solubility than bare ones. This review is a brief account of different types of nanoparticles functionalized on photosensitizers currently used for photodynamic therapy. We have focused on photosensitizer anchored organic, inorganic, and carbon-based nanomaterials, which can be effectively used in photodynamic therapy. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Photovoltaic Power Plant Performance Improvement with Electric Vehicle Integration: Integrated Control Strategies
The combination of Photovoltaic (PV) systems and Electric Vehicles (EVs) holds enormous promise in an era characterized by growing environmental consciousness and sustainable energy solutions. PV technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that produces electricity by utilizing solar energy. Concurrently, EVs electrification of transportation is a critical step in the direction of lower greenhouse gas emissions and more energy efficiency. Through the use of advanced control systems, this research aims to push the boundaries of current practice in the area of PV and EV integration. Specifically, it focuses on the Icos? controller and dq controller to regulate voltage, minimize Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), and facilitate bidirectional power flow. A thorough Simulink model is created, simulating a complicated PV-EV-grid system, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different control mechanisms. This model accommodates the unique characteristics of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and enables a detailed assessment of the percentages of voltage and current THD under different operating situations. It can handle both linear and non-linear loads. Most importantly, the studys findings showthattheTHDvaluesmeetthestrictrequirementsoutlinedinIEEE519, highlighting the efficiency of the integrated control approaches. The research not only contributes to the advancement of PV and EV technologies but also paves the way for grid-compatible, high-quality power distribution. This endeavor facilitates sustainable energy integration while simultaneously reducing the environmental footprint, making substantial strides toward a greener and more energy-efficient future. 2024 Seventh Sense Research Group -
Photovoltaic Structures Using Thermally Evaporated SnS and CDS Thin Films
Thin Solid Films, Vol-545, pp. 543-547. ISSN-0040-6090 -
Photovoltaic structures using thermally evaporated SnS and CdS thin films
Polycrystalline tin sulfide thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation technique.The films grown at substrate temperature of 300 C had an orthorhombic crystal structure with strong preferred orientation along (111) plane.Electrical resistivity of the deposited films was about 32.5 ? cm with a direct optical band gap of 1.33 eV.Carrier concentration and mobility of charge carriers estimated from the Hall measurement were found to be 6.24 1015 cm- 3 and 30.7 cm2V- 1 s- 1 respectively.Heterojunction solar cells were fabricated in superstrate configuration using thermally evaporated SnS as an absorber layer and CdS, In:CdS as window layer.The resistivity of pure CdS thin film of a thickness of 320 nm was about 1-2 ? cm and was reduced to 40 10- 3 ? cm upon indium doping.The fabricated solar cells were characterized using solar simulator.The solar cells with indium doped CdS window layer showed improved performance as compared to pure CdS window layer.The best device had a conversion efficiency of 0.4% and a fill factor of 33.5%. 2013 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved. -
Phygital Transformation in Healthcare: Bridging Technology, Trust, and Accessibility in the Modern Health Economy
The healthcare industry is at a critical juncture as it grapples with the rapid adoption of new technology while trying to integrate these advancements into traditional care models in order to respond to the increasing demands of society and economy. This chapter discusses how phygital healthcare can help improve the efficiency, access, and engagement of patients when using digital technology by addressing issues that have historically plagued the industry such as trust and access to affordable options. An analysis of how these technologies will change the way we deliver healthcare and how we will manage it financially is presented along with an exploration of the economic and marketing implications of digital health in relation to building patient- centered systems and sustainable health markets. Through case studies and literature reviews, this chapter lays out a model for integrating digital innovation into ethical leadership to ensure that health care reform occurs in a socially inclusive and technologically progressive manner. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Phyllanthus Emblica Extract Protects the Rat Liver Cells Against the Toxicity of Monosodium Glutamate: Experimental Evidence
Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), used widely in the food industry, is a threat to the public health. We investigated whether the MSG administration depletes non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., vitamins C and E in the liver of Wistar albino rats. We also examined the restorative effect of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus emblica (P. emblica). Methods: Wistar albino rats (n=42) were adapted and then randomly divided into seven groups of: 1) control, 2, 3, 4) MSG treatment, and 5, 6, 7) combined MSG and P. emblica extract treatment. All rat groups were treated daily for 120 days. They were orally administered either MSG alone or MSG plus the extract combined. The rats were then sacrificed and the liver was harvested from each group, and homogenized to examine the levels of vitamins C and E in the liver, using RP-HPLC method. Results: The vitamins C and E levels significantly declined (P<0.05) in the liver of MSG treated groups compared to those of the control rats. The combined treatment (extract + MSG) at low and moderate doses restored the vitamin C levels but it restored vitamin E only at the low dose (P<0.05). Conclusions: This study clearly demonstrated the deterioration of non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., vitamins C and E in the rats' liver after chronic exposure to MSG. The findings support the toxic effect and oxidative stress due to MSG exposure to the liver and the beneficial effect of the extract of P. emblica that inhibits the MSG's harmful effect on the liver. The Author(s), 2022. -
Physical Abuse in the Absence of Ubuntu
Students in Africa and worldwide should learn about Ubuntu at the school, secondary school, college, and university levels. It should be incorporated into the educational process. Tobacco-free days, alcohol-free (dry days), and drug-free days could all be ways to commemorate Ubuntu. Female smokers are at a higher risk than male smokers. Following such measures may aid in raising awareness. Legislators in Africa need to employ incentives to amend legislation to fully integrate Ubuntu into society. It is possible to prevent violence against women and children by instilling Ubuntu principles in the community and society. It is sufficient to refer to the existing Ubuntu documentation to design and validate the necessary training programme. Still, in the case of Ubuntu, more experimental research should be encouraged. Such research must be funded by both the government and the private sector. Even though Ubuntu started in Africa, it can be globalized. Nevertheless, Ubuntu has not been adopted to its full potential in the current situation. The Zulu people of South Africa is well-known for its kindness and hospitality, and it is to them that we owe the concept of Ubuntu. According to Ubuntu, we are people not because of who we are but because of how we connect with other people. This implies that relationships are essential. With over three thousand diverse African tribes, diversity management is critical, and Ubuntu can be a driving force in bringing all the diversity under one umbrella. There are cultural mechanisms in all African traditions and events that exist to unite, but this aspect of unity is within the community, and Ubuntu can be implemented to lead the same element of harmony with various communities. There are ways to integrate Ubuntu as a cultural event into the calendar, bringing together diverse African communities as one force, culture, nation, and identity. Regardless of the level of diversity, the most important thing is to include everyone and give them the recognition they deserve. 2022. Journal of International Womens Studies -
Physical ageing in Se-Te-Sb glasses
Bulk Se60-xTe40Sbx glasses in the composition range 0?x?14 were prepared by the melt quenching method. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) and thermal crystallization studies were performed to understand the thermodynamic property like glass transition and structural transformations. These glasses exhibit sharp endothermic peak at the glass transition (Tg). Disappearance of the endothermic peak at Tg in the rejuvenated samples clearly indicates the ageing effect in these glasses. Addition of Sb to Se-Te increases the connectivity of the structural network which is evidenced from the increase in Tg. A distinct change in the slope of the Tg at x=6, indicates a major change in the way the network is connected. The glass forming ability and the thermal stability also exhibit a maximum at x=6. Tg increases with the ageing time and the corresponding fictive temperature (Tf) calculated from the specific heat curves shows a decreasing trend. The molecular movements along the polymeric Se chains might cause the structural relaxation and the physical ageing. The physical ageing effect has been understood on the basis of the Bond Free Solid Angle (BFSA) model proposed by Kastner. Thermally crystallized samples show the formation of rhombohedral Sb2Te 3, rhombohedral Sb2Se3 and hexagonal Te phases. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. -
Physical aging of biopolymers and their nanocomposites
With growing environmental concerns, particularly around the widespread use of conventional plastics, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable alternatives like bioplastics and biocomposites. These eco-friendly materials offer the potential to significantly reduce the carbon footprint while enhancing product performance and durability in various applications. This chapter aims to expand scientific understanding of biocomposites, focusing on their behavior under different aging conditions. A comprehensive analysis is provided on aging processes, aging mechanisms, and strategies to improve the longevity and performance of biocomposites. Special emphasis is placed on future research directions and the adoption of innovative aging techniques to optimize the performance of biopolymers. This review explores both the advantages and challenges of using biocomposites as replacements for traditional petroleum-based plastics, with a particular focus on their degradation behavior over time. The insights presented here are essential for driving further research and development in bio-based and biodegradable polymers, highlighting their potential for both academic inquiry and industrial application. By addressing key aspects of biocomposite aging, this chapter aims to guide researchers in overcoming existing challenges and advancing the field toward a more sustainable future. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Physical aging of polymers and polymer nanocomposites
This chapter offers an illustration of physical aging in polymers and their nanocomposites. Physical aging, explained as time-dependent property changes taking place at fixed temperature and less stress without external forces or influences, is crucial for recognizing long-term performance and strength of polymer materials. The text discovers how physical aging establishes differently in amorphous polymers and semicrystalline polymers along with their nanocomposite, with specific consideration to polymer blends. Molecular mechanisms focusing on physical aging are addressed, indicating how polymers in nonequilibrium states undertake structural relaxations to equilibrium when stored below their glass transition temperature (Tg). The chapter scrutinizes factors affecting aging rates, including quench depth (?TA=Tage ? Tg), nanofillers, and the effect of molecular mobility. Additionally, it evaluates theoretical models and molecular simulation methodologies increasingly assisted to overcome limits of conventional experimental methods in determining intrinsic aging mechanisms. The work completes by classifying future research directions essential for evolving understanding of polymer aging behavior, with suggestions for refining service life and storage constancy of polymer-based materials and equipment. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Physical Analysis of White and Brick Red Eri Silk Fiber
Despite growing interest in Eri silk, limited research compares the properties of white and brick red varieties, particularly their optical, mechanical, and crystallinity behaviour. This study investigates the structural, optical, thermal, and surface properties of both varieties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UVvis analysis (UVvis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Eri silk fibers were evaluated for weight loss percentage, functional groups, thermal stability, tensile strength, and amino acid composition. Both experienced around 10% weight loss after degumming. UVvis analysis revealed an increase in optical band gap and decrease in Urbach energy after degumming, indicating improved structural order. XRD analysis showed crystallinity of 55% for degummed white and 50% for brick red Eri silk fiber. TGA demonstrated that undegummed white Eri silk exhibited 10% less mass loss than brick red, indicating higher thermal stability. SEM analysis showed white fibers with an average diameter of 19.34m, compared to 16.32m for brick red. White Eri silk fiber also demonstrated superior stretchability and flexibility in tensile strength tests. Amino acid profiling indicated a higher alanine content in white fiber. These findings enhance the understanding of physical properties of Eri silks varieties for potential applications in textiles and biomaterials. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society 2025. -
Physical Co-location: an intersection of problem-solving and vicarious learning
Scholars have examined Revans' problem-solving praxeology in many contexts but have not fully explored the concept in the case of physical co-location. Hence, we focussed on investigating Revans' conceptualisation in a co-located context by paying particular attention to the different forms of learning' that emerged from it. The research setting for this study involved two coworking spaces in Bangalore, India, whose constituents were co-located start-ups and established enterprises. Held from January to March 2020, the study involved conducting exploratory, semi-structured interviews with twelve firms. The findings suggested that in a co-located environment, a) firms learnt vicariously' from a rich, external knowledge base during the enquiry-led Alpha phase b) firms learnt experientially', through learning by doing and reflecting in the implementation-focussed Beta phase c) firms learnt through the process of emergence that resulted from personal reflection and team interaction, in the revelatory Gamma phase. This study lends a novel direction in acknowledging that vicarious learning, that is, learning through the experience of others, serves as a starting point for problem-solving in a co-located context. We demonstrate that firms gain familiarity with the problem through vicarious sources, that is, from those experienced co-located firms who had journeyed on a similar path. 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
Physical fitness recommender framework for thyroid patients using restricted boltzmann machines
These days, people can easily acquire the information from online sources. Individuals are generally using recommendation services before buying products considering the availability of online. Recommendation systems propose the relevant services or products to users. But sometimes people face issues while retrieving health related information from the recommender systems. A focus on keeping people healthy is one way to address the serious societal concern of healthcare domain. A health-based physical recommender system suggests workout plans for users using their activity level and health condition. A personalized approach is the most effective solution for the fitnessbased recommender framework based on user's desired characteristics. This article presents a personalized fitness recommender system for thyroid patients. The proposed fitness recommender model integrates the user's data like personal and health profile, preferences, calorie intake, and activity level. The proposed hybrid model is built using Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) integrating content based and matrix factorization techniques. The results of experiments prove that the proposed hybrid model outperforms than content based, pure RBM and matrix factorization recommendation techniques. The current proposal achieves the personalization approach by incorporating user's thyroid health condition and exercise preferences in recommendation process. The recommended result of hybrid RBM method is revised based on user's new preferences. 2020, Intelligent Network and Systems Society. -
Physical framework for a counselling environment in India: Thematic analysis of counsellors' perceptions
The influence of the physical environment on the counselling process is an inevitable part of a counselling session. However, there is little insight in Indian research into the desirable elements of the physical environment of the counselling room that helps facilitate a counselling session. Interviews were conducted with 10 professional counsellors in India. Thematic analysis of the databrought out various Basic and Organising themes under the following three Global themes: (a) Elements of the physical framework; (b) Counsellor's perspectives about the physical framework in counselling; and (c) Motivation to build a framework. The findings show how counsellors can systematise the physical framework to help construct the counselling session effectively. 2020 British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy -
Physical layer impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment (PLI-RWA) strategy for mixed line rate (MLR) wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks
The ever increasing global Internet traffic is resulting in a serious upgrade of the current optical networks' capacity. The legacy infrastructure can be enhanced not only by increasing the capacity, but also by adopting advance modulation formats, having increased spectral efficiency at higher data rate. In a mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical network, different line rates, on different wavelengths, can coexist on the same fiber. Further, studies have shown that migration to data rates higher than 10Gbps requires implementation of phase modulation schemes. However, the co-existing On-Off Keying (OOK) channels cause critical physical layer impairments (PLIs) to the phase modulated channels, mainly due to cross-phase modulation (XPM), which in turn limits the network's performance. In order to mitigate this effect, a more sophisticated PLI-Routing and Wavelength Assignment (PLI-RWA) scheme needs to be adopted. In this work, we investigate the critical impairment for each data rate and the way it affects the quality of transmission (QoT). We propose a novel PLI-RWA algorithm for MLR optical networks. The proposed algorithm is compared through simulations with the existing shortest path and minimum hop routing schemes. 2015 IEEE -
Physical properties of vapour grown indium monotelluride platelets
Indium monotelluride (InTe) crystals were grown from vapour phase under different temperature gradients by employing physical vapour deposition (PVD) method. The morphology of these crystals such as whiskers, needles, platelets etc., strongly depends on the temperature distribution in the horizontal dual zone furnace. InTe platelets were deposited by setting the temperature of the charge (TC) and growth (TS) zones at 1073 K and 773 K (?T=300 K), respectively, for different growth periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h). The surface growth features have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopes, which indicate layer growth mechanism for all the crystals. Various crystals grown under ?T=200 K and 300 K (retaining TS invariant) were examined by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. InTe samples exhibited consistent lattice parameters, density and atomic percentage, establishing stoichiometry and chemical homogeneity. The results obtained for Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, power factor, dislocation density and microhardness are found to be reproducible as well. The vapour deposited InTe platelets are mechanically stable and possess high value of TEP, which ensure their practical application in thermoelectric power generation. 2014 Elsevier B.V. -
Physical properties of vapour grown indium monotelluride platelets /
Journal Of Crystal Growth, Vol.415, pp.81-87, ISSN No: 0022-0248. -
Physical Unclonable Function and OAuth 2.0 Based Secure Authentication Scheme for Internet of Medical Things
With ubiquitous computing and penetration of high-speed data networks, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has found widespread application. Digital healthcare helps medical professionals monitor patients and provide services remotely. With the increased adoption of IoMT comes an increased risk profile. Private and confidential medical data is gathered across various IoMT devices and transmitted to medical servers. Privacy breach or unauthorized access to personal medical data has far-reaching consequences. However, heterogeneity, limited computational resources, and lack of standardization in authentication schemes prevent a robust IoMT security framework. This paper introduces a secure lightweight authentication and authorization scheme. The use of the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) reduces pressure on computational resources and establishes the authenticity of the IoMT. The use of OAuth 2.0 open standard for authorization allows interoperability between different vendors. The resilience of the model to impersonation and replay attacks is analyzed. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Physical vapor deposition and enhancement of optoelectronic properties of SnSe2 platelets
Stoichiometric tin diselenide (SnSe2) platelet crystals have been prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method under high vacuum (~ 106mbar) using a homemade dual-zone furnace. The driving force for growth was optimized in terms of temperature difference (?T = 270 to 420C) of nutrient and growth zones. Good quality platelets, devoid of any screw dislocations, hillocks, defects etc. were crystallized at ?T = 400C by layer growth mode as per the 3D optical profiler and electron microscopic images. Rietveld refinement of the PXRD data using FullProf suite software justified hexagonal crystal structure with a = 3.811 c = 6.137and the computed density (5.967g/cm3) is in agreement with that obtained based on Archimedes principle. Chemical homogeneity of these samples was probed by EDAX, XPS and Raman analysis. The thermal and mechanical behavior was investigated by TGA as well as Vickers microhardness experiments. The values of optical band gap (1.20eV), absorption coefficient (7.25 105cm?1), resistivity (2.70 ? cm), mobility (32.70 cm2V?1s?1) and carrier concentration (3.08 1016cm?3) have been evaluated using UVVis-NIR, photoluminescence, and Hall effect measurements. The enhancement of optoelectronic parameters of the as-grown SnSe2 platelets free of polytypism, throws light on their potential for photovoltaic applications. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.