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Probiotic properties of bacillus subtilis isolated from dried anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) and evaluating its antimicrobial, antibiofilm and growth-enhancing potential in danio rerio
The study was aimed at isolating and characterising a potential probiotic bacterium from dried anchovies (Stolephorus indicus) and evaluating its antibacterial, antibiofilm and growth enhancing potential in Danio rerio. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Probiotic properties were characterised based on the ability of the isolated strain to survive in simulated gastric juice and trypsin. Isolated strain was further subjected to varying pH, temperature, different concentrations of organic solvents to evaluate its potential to tolerate stress. Biofilm inhibition against Vibrio harveyi (31.54.6%), Escherichia coli (28.84.2 %), Pseu-domonas aeruginosa (34.83.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (34.43.75%) was noted. The study showed that the isolate improved the survival rate of Danio rerio against Vibrio harveyi and Escherichia coli. The weight (12.770.06) and length (11.4130.18) gain percentage was numerically (p> 0.05) improved in probiotic supplemented groups as compared to control. The use of probiotics from non-conventional sources can improve the diversity of the available probiotics for aquaculture practices. 2021 Ali L et al. -
The social psychology of COVID-19 stigma
The spread of infectious diseases and the associated stigmatisation of people is an evidenced history. The present chapter is an attempt to explain the stigma of race, class and religion in India with the help of the established intergroup theories of social psychology to highlight the psychosocial consequences resulting out of an outbreak of infectious diseases, i.e., COVID-19. In order to present the implicational value of intergroup theories in explaining the practices of COVID-19-generated stigmatisation of people in India on the basis of their belongingness to particular race, class and religion, a systemic review of the COVID-19-generated stigmatisation of people and groups was carried out. Anecdotal presentations of stigmatised treatments against the several social groups in India are explained from the vantage of intergroup theoretical approaches of social psychology. In our review, intergroup theories of social psychology were found instrumental in explaining COVID-19-generated stigmatised treatments directed against people based on race, class and religion. Intergroup Emotions Theory could explain the stigmatisation of Northeast Indians. Scapegoat theory was found instrumental in explaining the stigmatisation of poor and migrants. Stigmatisation against Muslims could be justifiably explained in the light of social identity theory. At last, the chapter attempts to make certain recommendations aimed to reduce or combat negative psychosocial responses to infectious diseases like COVID-19. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Asma Parveen and Rajesh Verma; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Injective edge coloring of product graphs and some complexity results
Three edges e1, e2 and e3 in a graph G are consecutive if they form a cycle of length 3 or a path in this order. A k-injective edge coloring of a graph G is an edge coloring of G, (not necessarily proper), such that if edges e1, e2, e3 are consecutive, then e1 and e3 receive distinct colors. The minimum k for which G has a k-injective edge coloring is called the injective edge chromatic index, denoted by ?? (G) [4]. In this article, the i injective edge chromatic index of the resultant graphs by the operations union, join, Cartesian product and corona product of G and H are determined, where G and H are different classes of graphs. Also for any two arbitrary graphs G and H, bounds for ?? (G+H) andi?? (G? H) are obtained. Moreover the injective edge i coloring problem restricted to (2, 3, r)-triregular graph, (2, 4, r)-triregular graph and (2, r)-biregular graph, r ? 3 are also been demonstrated to be NP-complete. 2023, University of Nis. All rights reserved. -
Content-Based Music Recommendation Using Non-Stationary Bayesian Reinforcement Learning
This paper presents a music recommendation system for the offline libraries of songs that employs the concepts of reinforcement learning to obtain satisfactory recommendations based on the various content-based parameters. In order to obtain insights about the effectiveness of the generated recommendations, parallel instances of single-play multi-arm bandit algorithms are maintained. In conjunction to this, the concepts of Bayesian learning are considered to model the user preferences by assuming the environment's reward generating process to be non-stationary and stochastic. The system is designed to be simple, easy to implement, and on-par with user satisfaction within the bounds of the input data capabilities. Copyright 2021, IGI Global. -
The total game chromatic number of paths, cycles and stars
The total game coloring is one of the extensions of the game coloring problem in which two players alternatively color both vertices and edges of a given graph. In this paper, the total game chromatic number is determined for the classes of paths, cycles, and stars. The incidence game chromatic number for large paths is also discussed by relating the incidence and the total graphs of paths. 2022 Forum-Editrice Universitaria Udinese SRL. All rights reserved. -
Enhancing photocatalytic performance through surfactant-assisted electrochemical synthesis: Surface modification of hierarchical ZnO morphologies with Ag/ZnWO4 nanoparticles
This study presents the synthesis of surface-decorated CTAB-capped ZnO nanoparticles doped with Ag/ZnWO4 through a surfactant-assisted electrochemical synthesis approach. The development of surface-decorated composites is of considerable interest for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. We report the synthesis of pristine, binary, and surface-decorated ZnO catalysts, specifically Zn, Zn/Ag, Zn/ZnWO4, and Zn/Ag/ZnWO4. Various methods for physicochemical characterization have been utilized to verify the catalysts' structural, optical, and morphological properties. The results demonstrate the successful surfactant capping and metal doping. The synthesized nanoparticles have been tested for their photocatalytic performance against Malachite Green, an environmentally harmful organic dye, across various reaction conditions. Scavenger studies reveal that the photodegradation process is primarily driven by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and, to a lesser extent, by photogenerated holes. The decrease in electron-hole pair recombination in the Zn/Ag/ZnWO4 photocatalyst results in an enhanced degradation of Malachite Green when exposed to visible light. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Citizens Perception on Livability in Indian Metropolitan Cities
Background: Livability is a complex and multifaceted concept, but is important in creating places where people can thrive. Investing in the factors contributing to livability can create more attractive, sustainable, and equitable communities. Livability is important for several reasons. It can affect peoples health, well-being, and productivity. It can also influence whether people live in a particular place and whether businesses are willing to invest there. Methods: A survey was conducted to review the top livable cities of India as per the Global Livability Index parameters such as sociocultural, environmental, healthcare, education, and infrastructure aspects. A mixed method approach, having both qualitative and quantitative analyses, was adopted for the survey. The targeted sample size was 100 people, covering stakeholders from around the campus. Findings: As an outcome of the survey analysis, the most livable cities were categorized. Conclusion: In conclusion, policy narratives and frameworks are outlined emphasizing the need and the importance of citizens participation in assessing the quality of life across Indian metropolitan cities. 2024 Springer Publishing Company. -
Influence of electrochemical co-deposition of bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoclusters on polypyrrole modified ITO for enhanced oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine
Bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoparticles were dispersed on polypyrrole coated indium-tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate sheets (ITO-PET sheets). The excellent filming property of pyrrole gives a high porous uniform active area for the proper adsorption of bimetallic transition metal nanoparticles. Electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was determined using cyclic voltammetry and impedance studies. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To study the electrochemical oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine in the presence of sodium nitrate in aqueous acidic medium, the modified electrode was used. It is evident from the study that the modified electrode shows better electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine. 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry. -
Influence of electrochemical co-deposition of bimetallic Pt–Pd nanoclusters on polypyrrole modified ITO for enhanced oxidation of 4-(hydroxymethyl) pyridine /
New Journal of Chemistry, Vol.46, Issue 27, pp.17036-17048, ISSN No: 1144-0546 (Print) 1369-9261 (Online).
Bimetallic Pt–Pd nanoparticles were dispersed on polypyrrole coated indium-tin oxide coated polyethylene terephthalate sheets (ITO-PET sheets). The excellent filming property of pyrrole gives a high porous uniform active area for the proper adsorption of bimetallic transition metal nanoparticles. Electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was determined using cyclic voltammetry and impedance studies. The physicochemical properties of the modified electrodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. -
Detection of X-ray polarization in the high synchrotron peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650
We report the measurement of X-ray polarization in the high synchrotron peaked blazar 1ES 1959+650. Of the four epochs of observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, we detected polarization in the 28 keV band on two epochs. From the model-independent analysis of the observations on 28 October 2022, in the 28 keV band, we found the degree of polarization of ?X=9.01.6% and an electric vector position angle of ?X=535 deg. Similarly, from the observations on 14 August 2023, we found ?X and ?X values as 12.50.7% and 202 deg, respectively. These values are also in agreement with the values obtained from spectro-polarimetric analysis of the I, Q, and U spectra. The measured X-ray polarization is larger than the reported optical values, ranging between 2.5% and 9% when observed from 2008 to 2018. Broadband spectral energy distribution constructed for the two epochs is well described by the one-zone leptonic emission model with the bulk Lorentz factor (?) of the jet larger on 14 August 2023 compared to 28 October 2022. Our results favor the shock acceleration of the particles in the jet, with the difference in ?X between the two epochs being influenced by a change in the ? of the jet. Indian Academy of Sciences 2024. -
Multiwavelength spectral modelling of the candidate neutrino blazar PKS 0735+178
The BL Lac object PKS 0735+178 was in its historic ?-ray brightness state during 2021 December. This period also coincides with the detection of a neutrino event IC 211208A, which was localized close to the vicinity of PKS 0735+178. We carried out detailed ?-ray timing and spectral analysis of the source in three epochs: (a) quiescent state (E1), (b) moderate-activity state (E2), and (c) high-activity state (E3) coincident with the epoch of neutrino detection. During the epoch of neutrino detection (E3), we found the largest variability amplitude of 95 per cent. The ?-ray spectra corresponding to these three epochs are well fit by the power-law model and the source is found to show spectral variations with a softer when brighter trend. In epoch E3, we found the shortest flux doubling/halving time of 5.75 h. Even though the spectral energy distribution in the moderate-activity state and in the high-activity state could be modelled by the one-zone leptonic emission model, the spectral energy distribution in the quiescent state required an additional component of radiation over and above the leptonic component. Here, we show that a photomeson process was needed to explain the excess ?-ray emission in the hundreds of GeV that could not be accounted for by the synchrotron self-Compton process. 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. -
Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Polarization Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421
We present near-simultaneous X-ray and optical polarization measurements in the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 421. The X-ray polarimetric observations were carried out using Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on 2023 December 6. During IXPE observations, we also carried out optical polarimetric observations using 104 cm Sampurnanand telescope at Nainital and multiband optical imaging observations using 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at Hanle. From model-independent analysis of IXPE data, we detected X-ray polarization with degree of polarization (?X) of 8.5% 0.5% and an electric vector position angle (?X) of 10.6 1.7 in the 2?8 keV band. From optical polarimetry on 2023 December 6, in B, V, and R bands, we found values of ?B = 4.27% 0.32%, ?V = 3.57% 0.31%, and ?R = 3.13% 0.25%. The value of ?B is greater than that observed at longer optical wavelengths, with the degree of polarization suggesting an energy-dependent trend, gradually decreasing from higher to lower energies. This is consistent with that seen in other HSP blazars and favors a stratified emission region encompassing a shock front. The emission happening in the vicinity of the shock front will be more polarized due to the ordered magnetic field resulting from shock compression. The X-ray emission, involving high-energy electrons, originates closer to the shock front than the optical emission. The difference in the spatial extension could plausibly account for the observed variation in polarization between X-ray and optical wavelengths. This hypothesis is further supported by the broadband spectral energy distribution modeling of the X-ray and optical data. 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Real-time human action prediction using pose estimation with attention-based LSTM network
Human action prediction in a live-streaming videos is a popular task in computer vision and pattern recognition. This attempts to identify activities in an image or video performed by a human. Artificial intelligence(AI)-based technologies are now required for the security and human behaviour analysis. Intricate motion patterns are involved in these actions. For the visual representation of video frames, conventional action identification approaches mostly rely on pre-trained weights of various AI architectures. This paper proposes a deep neural network called Attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM) network for skeletal based activity prediction from a video. The proposed model has been evaluated on the BerkeleyMHAD dataset having 11 action classes. Our experimental results are compared against the performance of the LSTM and Attention-based LSTM network for 6 action classes such as Jumping, Clapping, Stand-up, Sit-down, Waving one hand (Right) and Waving two hands. Also, the proposed method has been tested in a real-time environment unaffected by the pose, camera facing, and apparel. The proposed system has attained an accuracy of 95.94% on BerkeleyMHAD dataset. Hence, the proposed method is useful in an intelligent vision computing system for automatically identifying human activity in unpremeditated behaviour. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Investigating MnSe@Y2O3 nanocomposite as an electrode for asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor
In this research work, manganese selenide (MnSe) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles have been synthesized by facile melt diffusion and hydrothermal technique which are then composited by ultrasonication. The composite MnSe@Y2O3 has been analyzed as a supercapacitor electrode. The growth structure of the composite was scrutinized systematically by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The Trasatti and Dunn's plots have been also plotted to calculate the capacitive and diffusive contribution. The device is fabricated with PVA-KOH gel electrolyte. Also, the fabricated device MnSe@Y2O3||AC has exhibited a specific capacity of 48.39 C/g at 1 A/g through the potential window of 01.7 V. The wide potential window is evidence for high energy density. This also provides elevated energy density of 19 Wh/kg, at high power density of 1445 W/kg, and has shown brilliant cyclic stability of 70.16 % even after 5000 charge/discharge cycles. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Colouring of (P3? P2) -free graphs
The class of 2 K2-free graphs and its various subclasses have been studied in a variety of contexts. In this paper, we are concerned with the colouring of (P3? P2) -free graphs, a super class of 2 K2-free graphs. We derive a O(?3) upper bound for the chromatic number of (P3? P2) -free graphs, and sharper bounds for (P3? P2, diamond)-free graphs and for (2 K2, diamond)-free graphs, where ? denotes the clique number. The last two classes are perfect if ?? 5 and ? 4 respectively. 2017, Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature. -
Social media advertising: A dimensional change creator in consumer purchase intention
The chapter discusses the importance of social media platforms, especially Instagram and YouTube, in advertising for influencing the consumer purchase intention of Generation Z. Various methods of business expansion through social media advertising have been explored. The authors examine in detail several key characteristics of social media advertising that affect consumer purchase intentions, including emotional appeal, interactivity, trust, creativity, and the role of e-word of mouth. The impact of Web 2.0 technologies on the development and effectiveness of social media advertising is emphasized, highlighting the close relationship between the Web 2.0 systems to enable the delivery of advertisements based on usage and preferences to accurately target, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of advertising campaigns mobile, Web 2.0. Implicit communication, mobile-related advertising, and mobile-specific content have become important parts of social media advertising. Researchers from various fields have drawn on rapidly evolving social media platforms, each with its own unique perspective. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Antecedents of visual merchandising decisions: An empirical evidence /
Researchers World, Vol.8, Issue 4, pp. 107-113, ISSN No. 2231-4172. -
A Legal Analysis of Cyber-Enabled Wildlife Offences in India: A Qualitative Case Study of Sea Fans (Gorgonia spp.) on YouTube
With the advent of the Internet, offences against threatened species have transitioned online. Such species are directly or indirectly traded on social media despite being protected under Indian wildlife law. A qualitative case study was undertaken to assess the preparedness of national law and policy in prohibiting such offences. Sixty-three YouTube links on sea fans in the Hindi language were accessed over 8 weeks, and the information generated by both content creators and audiences was gathered and categorized for analysis. The legal provisions were then interpreted and applied to assess the extent to which the parties involved could be held liable. Our investigation shows that of these video links, the content creators directly offered specimens for sale in 15.87% of instances, demonstrated physical possession of wild specimens in 23.81% of these posts, and were involved in both activities in 20.63% of the links, which in our analysis is explicitly prohibited under national law. The remaining 39.68% of video links merely disseminated information on the relevance or usage of species in occult or religious practices, for which no express legal provision currently exists. Certain indirect legal provisions were found to be relevant; however, there were challenges associated with their implementation. Even the liability of a social media company was found to be limited if it can be demonstrated that the company exercised due diligence. Therefore, there is a need to explicitly regulate online content that has the potential to drive an unlawful demand for protected species alongside the imposition of enhanced liability on social media companies. Such measures, coupled with community awareness, can reduce cyber-enabled wildlife offences committed through social media channels. 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
Integration of Intelligent System and Big Data Environment to Find the Energy Utilization in Smart Public Buildings
Buildings are the leading consumer of energy in the setting of smart cities, and public structures such as hospitals, schools, government offices, and additional institutions have high energy needs owing to their frequent use. However, there needs to be adequate use of the latest innovations in machine learning inside the big data context in this field. Controlling the energy efficiency of public subdivisions is a crucial aspect of the smart city concept. This chapter aims to address the challenge of integrating big data platforms and machine learning algorithms into an intelligent system for this purpose to forecast how much energy various Croatian government buildings will consume, prediction models were constructed using deep learning neural networks, Rpart regression tree models, and random forests using variable reduction techniques. The evaluation of all three techniques considered critical aspects, and the random forest methodology yielded the most precise model. The MERIDA intelligent system aims to enhance energy efficiency in public buildings by integrating big data and predictive algorithms. This research examines the technological requirements for a platform that facilitates public administration in planning public building reconstruction, reducing energy consumption and expenses, and connecting intelligent public buildings in smart cities. Digitizing energy management may improve public administration efficiency, service quality, and environmental health. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. All rights reserved.