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COUPLE STRESS EFFECT ON FERRO-CONVECTION TRIGGERED BY CHEMICAL REACTION IN A POROUS LAYER WITH SPARSE DISTRIBUTION; [????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????, ??????????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????????]
The study delves into the impact of couple stress on the commencement of convection in a porous material oriented horizontally. This layer contains a chemically reactive ferromagnetic fluid and experiences bottom heating. The investigation utilizes small perturbation methodology to explore and understand the impact of couple stress on the initiation of convection in this specific system. With the assumption of a non-autocatalytic exothermic reaction, eigenvalues are determined utilizing the Galerkin method. The analysis explores the effects of magnetic and couple stress parameters, as well as the Frank-Kamenetskii number. The observation indicates that the acceleration of the onset of ferroconvection is influenced by both magnetic forces and chemical reactions. Simultaneously, the presence of the couple stress component serves to stabilize the system. Moreover, when the nonlinearity of magnetization is sufficiently pronounced, the destabilization of the fluid layer is observed to be marginal. 2024 Oles Honchar Dnipro National University; -
Post listing IPO returns and performance in India: An empirical investigation
Objectives: (a) To analyse the performance of Indian IPOs in the short term. (b) To determine the significance of abnormal return of the IPOs. (c) To study the impact of over-subscription, profit after tax, promoters' holdings, issue price and market returns on IPO performance. Design/ Methodology/Approach: This research paper is based on empirical analysis. All the 52 IPO's listed in the NSE (National Stock Exchange, India) during the year 2018 to 2020 were considered for the study. The study is based on secondary data. The daily share price and Nifty-50 index value were taken from NSE website (www.nseindia.com) and other relevant data from red-herring prospectus of the respective company. The research / statistical tools used are: Market adjusted short run performance model, Wealth relative model, 't' test and regression analysis. Scope of the study: The scope of the study is limited to the IPO's listed only in the National Stock Exchange (NSE), India. Period of study: The study covers a period from January 2018 to December, 2020. Limitation of the study: The study considers only the influence of the external factors on the performance of IPOs. Findings: The average IPO return on the first trading day is 13.52%, ranging from -23.15% to 82.16% with standard deviation of 26.72%. The average IPO return on the third trading day was the highest and is found to be14.52%, ranging from -19.22% to 117.55% with standard deviation of 18.57%. The analysis reveals that the over subscription impacts the IPO performance and the other factors namely, issue price, Profit after Tax, market returns and promoters holdings do not influence IPO returns. Originality / Value: This is an original work that analyses the listing gain or loss and the post listing performance of IPO's in India and other factors that might influence the listing gain or loss. Copyright 2021. T. Ramesh Chandra Babu and Aaron Ethan Charles Dsouza. Distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International CC-BY 4.0 -
Boosting Surface Coverage of CO Intermediates through Multimetallic Interface Interactions for Efficient CO2 Electrochemical Reduction
Given the inherent challenges of the CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) reaction, solely from CO2 and H2O, it is desirable to develop selective product formation pathways. This can be achieved by designing multimetallic nanocomposites that provide optimal CO coverage, allowing for tunability in the product formation. In this work, Ag and Zn codoped-SrTiO3 (ZAST) composite immobilized carbon black (CB)-modified GCE working electrode (ZAST@CB/GCE) was developed for the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to multicarbon products. The complete reaction was carried out in a CO2-saturated aqueous system of 0.5 M KHCO3 electrolyte. A potential-dependent product selectivity was suggested based on the NMR results, wherein raising the potential value enhanced the formation of liquid products such as acetone and alcohols while suppressing competitive HER. The total Faradaic efficiency for liquid products reached an impressive 97% at a potential of ?0.6 V vs. RHE. This represents a significant advancement in acetone production pathways and valorization of CO2ER technology. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Silver decorated copper coordination polymer for the electroreduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon liquid fuels
Recently, the development of bimetallic interfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) efficiently, with selectivity towards energy-dense hydrocarbons. In this study, we report an electrochemically designed silver-decorated copper-dimercapto thiadiazole modified carbon electrode (Ag@Cu-DM), which facilitates a controlled transition from C1to C2liquid products. The optimized electrochemical synthesis method enabled precise control over the polymer-metal interface, promoting strong electronic interactions and charge transfer. The multiple characterizations conducted for the material revealed distinct lattice fringes corresponding to well-defined Cu and Ag phases. The interplay between Cu and Ag, along with the heteroatoms present within the polymer enhances CO2 activation and intermediate stabilization. The developed Ag@Cu-DM catalyst achieved 89 % F.E. for liquid products alone at a low potential of -0.73 V vs RHE and also demonstrated stable electrolysis for upto 8 Hr. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. -
Copper-Embedded Aminothiazole-Engineered Nanocatalyst for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2to Alcohols
The electrochemical reduction of CO2(CO2ER) to value-added products such as methanol and ethanol is gaining significant attention as a sustainable solution to excess carbon footprints and increased energy demand. To this end, we present the electrochemical preparation of a copper-coordinated aminothiazole metallopolymer (CAM), which fosters efficient charge transfer through multiple redox couples. The prepared CAM electrode displayed excellent efficiency toward the selective production of methanol and ethanol at a low potential of ?0.73 V vs RHE, marking a significant achievement. Notably, the incorporation of Cu species along with the nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic group of polyaminothiazole (AMp) allowed easy stabilization of the intermediates over the electrode surface, with a marked shift from C1to C2product formation. The study explores the dynamic aspects of the electrocatalyst leading to such pronounced selectivity. These findings are pivotal in encouraging more research toward the profitable production of electrofuels, particularly for decarbonizing the transportation and industrial sectors. 2025 American Chemical Society -
Electroreduction of CO2 to Methanol Using a Coordination-Moiety-Anchored Carbon-Based Electrode
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2ER) has gained wide attention lately because of its potential to create a closed carbon loop, offering a sustainable solution toward environmental as well as energy crisis. However, the key challenge lies in the selective conversion of CO2 into electrofuels, such as methanol, which necessitates six proton-coupled electron transfers. In this work, we report the first instance of an electrochemically prepared Cu-coordinated 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole-modified carbon fiber paper electrode (CDM@CFP). The hence-engineered novel electrode was applied for the CO2ER reaction to produce methanol exclusively with an F.E. of 59.6% at a low potential of ?0.73 V versus RHE. Unlike most of the copper-based electrocatalysts, which result in multiple hydrocarbons, here, we have optimized a potential-dependent selectivity for maximum efficiency, which is a significant milestone in the field. 2025 American Chemical Society. -
Fluorescent detection of Pb2+ pollutant in water samples with the help of Delonix regia leaf-derived CQDs /
Synthetic Metals, Vol.291, ISSN No: 0379-6779.
Heavy metals released from different sources into water bodies are a major concern in the view of environmental protection. Their non-biodegradability and the numerous health hazards add to the issue. Scientists worldwide have emphasized the issue and are trying to resolve it by different means. Among all the methods, the fluorescent method stands out for its simplicity and rapid results. Here, the study focuses on the development of an efficient and sustainable method for the detection of lead in waste-water effluents. Carbon quantum dots (GCDs), a highly non-toxic substance developed from <em>Delonix regia</em> leaves for the purpose via a simple hydrothermal method. -
Surface modulation and structural engineering of graphitic carbon nitride for electrochemical sensing applications /
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol.12, Issue 5, ISSN No: 2193-8865.
The rediscovery of the old-age material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2D conducting polymer, has given rise to a tide of articles exploring its diverse applications. Recently, owing to its excellent physicochemical stability and tunable electronic structure, the material has proven to be an eminent candidate for improving the sensing quality of electrodes. Excellent properties of g-C3N4 such as exposed surface area, metal-free characteristics, and low-cost synthesis have attracted facile and economical designing of sensors for a variety of analyte molecules. Herein, the readers are introduced to the historical development of g-C3N4 and escorted to the present findings of its electrochemical sensing applications. Along with its sensing utilities, the review shares some exciting insights into the synthesis, structural, and surface chemistry modulations of g-C3N4. -
Digital Transformation Initiatives for Enhancing Customer Experience in OTT Video Platforms
The rise of Over-the-Top (OTT) video platforms has transformed the way users access and interact with video content. With growing competition, it is crucial for OTT providers to improve customer experience. This chapter integrates digital transformation initiatives tailored to OTT video platforms to enhance the customer experience in the agile market. The growth of OTT video platforms depends on their ability to formulate digital transformation strategies to enhance customer experience. The key digital transformation initiatives implemented by OTT platforms to enhance the customer experience are personalisation, content curation, social media interactivity, user interface optimisation, community building, technological innovation, optimisation of monetisation plans, multi-device integration, interactive initiatives, and customer support. This chapter highlights the importance of digital transformation initiatives for meeting consumers evolving preferences and demands. This chapter offers actionable guidelines for OTT video platforms seeking to thrive in a dynamic digital landscape. 2025, IGI Global. -
A multi-criteria decision-making approach for prioritising factors influencing customer switching intention in OTT video platforms
The rapid expansion of Over-the-Top (OTT) video platforms has transformed the media industry by providing diverse content and reshaping consumer preferences. This study explores factors influencing customer switching intentions using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques like AHP, fuzzy AHP, and ANP. The findings of this study highlight that content variety and richness are the most critical determinants, followed by customer experience, with factors like the attractiveness of alternatives, switching costs and service quality having secondary importance in influencing customer switching intention. Content diversity, quality, and exclusivity drive retention, while intuitive and user-friendly interfaces enhance satisfaction. The study also emphasizes the influence of competing platforms. While brand familiarity and social influence play minor roles, prioritising rich content and seamless customer experience emerges as the key to loyalty. The integrated MCDM approach empowers OTT providers to improve customer retention in a competitive market. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
A Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approach for Prioritising Customer Churn Factors in OTT Video Platforms
Over-the-top (OTT) platforms have revolutionised media consumption by providing on-demand streaming services. Despite their growing popularity, customer churn remains a significant challenge for the platform. This research paper analyses the factors affecting customer churn in OTT video platforms. The factors are identified through unstructured interviews with industry experts and an extensive literature review. This research paper employs a novel approach to prioritising customer churn factors by incorporating multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques like AHP and fuzzy AHP. The importance of each customer churn factor is measured based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy AHP to develop a hierarchy of churn factors. The MCDM analysis results indicated that the content variety and recommendation system, video streaming issues, and high subscription prices are the most significant factors that cause customer churn. Through comprehensive analysis, the study aims to provide insights for OTT service providers to enhance customer retention and mitigate churn rates. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
A Fuzzy Logic Approach for Prioritizing Customer Retention Strategies in OTT Video Platforms
The emergence of over-the-top (OTT) video platforms has significantly transformed the way people consume content and the entire media landscape. The significant growth of OTT video platforms in recent years, amidst fierce competition and changing consumer preferences, has posed a challenge for the platforms in retaining customers. Elevated churn rates in the OTT video platforms have prompted them to focus on customer retention. OTT platforms implemented different strategies to retain customers. The customer retention strategies are identified through a literature review and unstructured interviews with industry experts. This paper presents a novel approach to prioritize customer retention strategies using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP). The fuzzy AHP analysis results show that content strategy is the most significant, followed by pricing, customer experience, and platform extension. This paper provides actionable insights for OTT platform managers, helping them enhance user satisfaction and retain customers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2026. -
Prioritisation of Challenges in OTT Video Platforms: A Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approach
Over-the-top (OTT) video platforms have emerged as the preferred choice for on-demand entertainment. In this ever-changing landscape, OTT video platforms face many challenges to being relevant in the market. Identifying and prioritizing challenges is pivotal for the sustainable growth of OTT platforms. This paper aims to comprehensively examine and prioritize the challenges of the OTT video platform. The challenges are identified through an extensive literature review and unstructured interviews with six OTT industrial experts. The importance of each challenge is measured based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to develop a hierarchy of those challenges. The AHP analysis results indicated customer retention as the most significant challenge, followed by content, customer experience, infrastructure, and bandwidth. The study is subjective to the experts opinions and available literature regarding the OTT platforms. The insights gleaned from this research are poised to offer substantial value to digital platform operators, media professionals, and managers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Prioritisation of Challenges in OTT Video Platforms: A Multi-criteria Decision-Making Approach
Over-the-top (OTT) video platforms have emerged as the preferred choice for on-demand entertainment. In this ever-changing landscape, OTT video platforms face many challenges to being relevant in the market. Identifying and prioritizing challenges is pivotal for the sustainable growth of OTT platforms. This paper aims to comprehensively examine and prioritize the challenges of the OTT video platform. The challenges are identified through an extensive literature review and unstructured interviews with six OTT industrial experts. The importance of each challenge is measured based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to develop a hierarchy of those challenges. The AHP analysis results indicated customer retention as the most significant challenge, followed by content, customer experience, infrastructure, and bandwidth. The study is subjective to the experts opinions and available literature regarding the OTT platforms. The insights gleaned from this research are poised to offer substantial value to digital platform operators, media professionals, and managers. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025. -
Electrochemical synthesis of nanoparticles
Nanomaterials possess diverse applications across environmental, medical, and energy sectors, owing to their unique properties dictated by structure, size, composition, and morphology. These characteristics of nanoparticles are pivotal in materials science. Their distinctive properties made an interest in specific applications, prompting the exploration of synthesis methods tailored for various purposes, particularly in electrochemistry. This chapter examines a nanoparticle synthesis technique capable of producing nanoparticles suitable for diverse applications, emphasizing electrochemical synthesis. This method offers efficient fabrication of nanoparticles at low temperatures with high purity, presenting an environmentally friendly preparation approach. Electrochemical synthesis, particularly through electrodeposition, involves the controlled passage of an electric current between the electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution. This method yields stable nanoparticles with robust electrical contact, poised for utilization in batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, catalysis, optoelectronics, and beyond. The chapter elucidates the electrochemical synthesis process, underscoring its potential for advancing nanoparticle-based technologies across multiple disciplines. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Symmetric supercapacitor with hydrothermally synthesized ?-MoO3 nanobars coated on Ni foam substrate: A neutral electrolyte approach for energy storage applications
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), a potential supercapacitor electrode material is synthesized through hydrothermal method at low temperature. The significant charge-storage process of the MoO3 electrode is extensively analyzed in 0.5M sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in a wide potential window. The basic functional properties of MoO3 are characterized through different characterization techniques. The electrochemical performance is examined through chargingdischarging method, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopic studies of the active electrode with a mass loading of 1 mg cm?2 each. The three-electrode and device systems of the MoO3 electrode are also investigated. The specific capacitance obtained for the device is 295 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 in a potential window of 0 to 1V in 0.5M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution. The densities of energy and power are 40.27 W h kg?1 and 492 W kg?1. The device is further tested for cyclic stability over 1000 cycles and attained a stability of 75% and a Coulombic retention of 100%. This work demonstrates that the MoO3 electrode can be facilitated for the aqueous electrochemical energy storage devices. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026. -
Aqueous symmetric supercapacitor based on hydrothermally grown reduced graphene oxide wrapped cobalt oxide nanocomposites: An efficient paradigm for enhanced performance in supercapacitors
Extensive research has been carried out on the development of electrode materials for energy storage applications, especially in the field of supercapacitors. The present work is the first report on the effect of rGO concentration on the electrochemical properties of reduced graphene oxide-cobalt oxide (rGO-Co3O4) nanocomposites. A symmetric supercapacitor device is assembled by compounding two hydrothermally grown rGO-Co3O4 nanocomposite electrodes separated by a membrane dipped in a 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution. The device delivered a specific capacitance of 1006 Fg?1, energy density of 357.44 W h kg?1, and a power density of 1600 W kg?1 at a current density of 2 Ag?1. It showed a cyclic stability of 80 % during 10,000 cycles at a very high current density of 5 Ag?1 and a coulombic efficiency of 100 %, which maintained a better electrochemical performance, implying that the as-synthesized electrodes are useful for portable energy storage devices. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. -
An investigation on the electrochemical performance of Mn3O4-based aqueous symmetric supercapacitor devices
Manganese (ii, iii) oxide (Mn3O4) is one of the promising materials in the realm of high-performance supercapacitors. The high theoretical specific capacitance, low cost, non-toxicity, environmental compatibility, and natural abundance made it significant in the research field. A low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis method was adopted to prepare Mn3O4 (hausmannite) nanoparticles with a tetragonal spinel structure. The as-prepared nanoparticles were assessed for the structural, elemental, electrical, optical and nitrogen adsorptiondesorption studies through XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, DC conductivity, UV-vis absorption and BET analyses. Morphological studies were done using FESEM and TEM and a mixture of nanorods and nanocubes were observed. The electrochemical performances of the as-prepared Mn3O4 nanoparticles were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a three-electrode system. The present work reports the fabrication of a prototype aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device for the first time. The electrochemical studies were performed in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte on the separator with a potential window of 0 V to 1 V. A specific capacitance of 68 Fg?1 at a current density of 1 Ag?1 was observed from the constant charge/discharge method. It exhibited a cyclic stability of 72% with a coulombic efficiency of 100% after 1000 cycles. This underscores the noteworthy role of manganese oxide nanoparticles as electrode materials in supercapacitors. 2026 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry