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Sacred Roots: Rethinking Urban Landscapes via Ethnobotanical Narratives
This chapter discusses the synthesis of interdisciplinary research on the integration of sacred ethnobotanical knowledge with artificial intelligence (AI) into the present-day urban planning. This chapter draws upon a wide range of literature in the field of ethnobotany, ecotheology, urban ecology and digital innovation to explore how relationships between religious worldviews (including TEK), AI and green infrastructure can be used toward the enhancement of sustainable development of the urban. Review of current academic discourse on sacred plant landscape is emphasized above all, also examining the academic discourse on the nature of faith based ecological ethics and AI assisted urban greening strategies. I begin by reviewing ethnographic approaches and field-based studies that discuss the cultural and spiritual significance of sacred plants in Hindu, Islamic and Christian traditions, then examine service and trust as both a source and outcome for social infrastructure. It is critically analyzed how theological frameworks are ecologically applicable on the plural urban context. The review of AI integrated urban gardening initiatives provides a glimpse of how sensor data, machine learning models as well as mobile platforms are used to monitor plant health and plant biodiversity and how these can also be problematic on ethical front, justice, appropriation of knowledge and autonomy of community. The case studies from projects in Tokyo, Singapore, Ethiopia and Barcelona are placed within a global context and globally applied with a thematic synthesis in order to explore how, in practice, the coalescence of sacred ecological values and technological interventions occurs. The chapter discusses challenges of implementing policy, of cultural commodification, and of current interfaith collaboration models. The end of the review discusses the best practices and policy recommendations that can assist cities to join spiritual stewardship with digital ecological management to coalesce inclusive, biodiverse, and culturally grounded urban ecosystems. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026. -
Sacred texting : A study on social media language trends in New Delhi And Bengaluru churches /
Amity Journal of Media & Communication Studies, Vol.8 Isue 1, pp.24-35, ISSN No: 2231-1033. -
Safe cloud: Secure and usable authentication framework for cloud environment
Cloud computing an emerging computing model having its roots in grid and utility computing is gaining increasing attention of both the industry and laymen. The ready availability of storage, compute, and infrastructure services provides a potentially attractive option for business enterprises to process and store data without investing on computing infrastructure. The attractions of Cloud are accompanied by many concerns among which Data Security is the one that requires immediate attention. Strong user authentication mechanisms which prevent illegal access to Cloud services and resources are one of the core requirements to ensure secure access. This paper proposes a user authentication framework for Cloud which facilitates authentication by individual service providers as well as by a third party identity provider. The proposed two-factor authentication protocols uses password as the first factor and a Smart card or Mobile Phone as the second factor. The protocols are resistant to various known security attacks. Springer India 2016. -
Safeguarding children's rights in the digital age: A critical analysis of India's cyber laws
This chapter critically examines the legal framework governing child safety in India's digital landscape. It analyzes the IT Act, 2000, POCSO Act, 2012 and the DPDP Act, 2023, highlighting their relevance in combating cyber threats faced by children. It also discusses implementation gaps, lack of digital literacy and enforcement issues. Further, drawing insights from global practices. Thereafter, chapter emphasizes the importance of multi-stakeholder collaboration and proactive regulatory reforms to ensure a safe digital environment for minors. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Safeguarding the future through the prevention of cybercrime in the quantum computing era
Quantum computing is an emerging field that holds great promise for solving complex problems at an unprecedented speed by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. However, this disruptive technology also introduces new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Quantum computing can lead to cyberattacks such as cryptographic attacks, data breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, social engineering, and phishing attacks. It is important to note that, at present, these risks are largely theoretical, as practical, large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems are not yet available. However, it is crucial for researchers, organisations, and policymakers to anticipate and address these potential threats in advance by developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, improving security protocols, and raising awareness about the evolving landscape of cyberthreats in the quantum computing era. There is a need for preparing safeguard measures form the quantum threat by investing in quantum-safe technologies, training cybersecurity professionals in quantum-resistant techniques, and fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and government entities. As quantum computing progresses, the landscape of cybercrime is expected to evolve, necessitating the development of robust laws to mitigate potential threats. The chapter aims at understanding the intersection of quantum computing and cybercrime, highlighting the potential implications and risks associated with quantum advancements in the context of cybersecurity. The chapter also emphasises the need for proactive measures and policies to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing to cybersecurity. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Safeguarding the future through the prevention of cybercrime in the quantum computing era
Quantum computing is an emerging field that holds great promise for solving complex problems at an unprecedented speed by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. However, this disruptive technology also introduces new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybersecurity. Quantum computing can lead to cyberattacks such as cryptographic attacks, data breaches, blockchain vulnerabilities, social engineering, and phishing attacks. It is important to note that, at present, these risks are largely theoretical, as practical, large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking current cryptographic systems are not yet available. However, it is crucial for researchers, organisations, and policymakers to anticipate and address these potential threats in advance by developing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, improving security protocols, and raising awareness about the evolving landscape of cyberthreats in the quantum computing era. There is a need for preparing safeguard measures form the quantum threat by investing in quantum-safe technologies, training cybersecurity professionals in quantum-resistant techniques, and fostering collaboration among industry, academia, and government entities. As quantum computing progresses, the landscape of cybercrime is expected to evolve, necessitating the development of robust laws to mitigate potential threats. The chapter aims at understanding the intersection of quantum computing and cybercrime, highlighting the potential implications and risks associated with quantum advancements in the context of cybersecurity. The chapter also emphasises the need for proactive measures and policies to mitigate the risks posed by quantum computing to cybersecurity. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Keshav Kumar and Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Safeguarding Traditional Knowledge and Farmers Rights: A Balanced Approach to IP Protection
Traditional Knowledge and farmers rights are considered to be the backbone of the agriculture system that is responsible for preserving the biodiversity, cultural heritage and sustainable development practices. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection is inclined towards the protection of the commercial interest rather than the rights of the creators or individuals. A balanced approach towards the protection of traditional knowledge and IPRs is required that safeguards the rights of farmers as well. The inclusive policies that enable and ensure equitable benefit sharing, protect the rights of the community, harmonize the customary laws with the IPRs are crucial in the present time. By promoting and advocating for the participatory governance, this chapter analyses the rights of farmers that foster sustainability and protect traditional knowledge simultaneously. It also examines the international legal instruments that recognize the protection of traditional knowledge. 2026, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Safeguarding tribal rights in the Sundarbans: Navigating health challenges, indigenous wisdom, and paths to sustainable development
The Sundarbans is home to diverse indigenous communities whose rights and well-being are increasingly threatened by health challenges and climate change. Traditional practices of health and agriculture, passed down through generations, offer invaluable insights into maintaining ecological balance and combating emerging health issues. Indigenous communities possess extensive knowledge about local flora and fauna, which can enhance nutritional security and disease resistance. It is crucial to involve tribal leaders and members in discussions to ensure their rights are prioritized. Furthermore, integration of modern healthcare services with indigenous healing practices can create a more robust health framework. Collaborative efforts between governmental and non-governmental organizations can facilitate awareness campaigns. By navigating these challenges together, it is possible to create sustainable paths forward that honor the wisdom of the indigenous peoples of the Sundarbans while fostering their health and development. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Safety andWelfare of Children Under Institutional Care in India: A Situation Analysis
A large number of children worldwide live under institutional care due to certain compulsions. The reasons for institutional stay vary on the basis of geopolitical situations and the nature of the children. Some of the reasons include premature loss of parents, poverty, lack of social support, parents substance dependence, neglect, involvement of children in socially undesirable behaviour and/or violation of law, abuse, exploitation and so on. The broad objective of this chapter is to discuss the evolution of childcare measures adopted by the Government of India after independence, highlight upon the need for institutional care and examine the issues and challenges faced by the children under institutional care in India. At the end of the chapter, the way forward measures are suggested for ensuring safety of the children under institutional care, creating improved living environments for them and for creating congenial social and psychological environments through empowerment of the care providers, with knowledge and information for healthy child upbringing. Cooperation from the larger society, by involving retired persons in the institutions for education of the children is suggested, justifying the need for the same. For a holistic child growth and development, the need for extra-curricular activities, physical exercises, as well as group activities, are emphasized upon. Building resilience among these children to develop confidence and face life challenges are also discussed in the chapter. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022. -
Safety of Unmanned Systems
The safety risk management process describes the systematic application of management policies, procedures and practices to the activities of communicating, consulting, establishing the context, and assessing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and reviewing risk. This process is undertaken to provide assurances that the risks associated with the operation of unmanned aircraft systems have been managed to acceptable levels. Active efforts should be made to develop rules to ensure the safe operation of unmanned aerial vehicles. For the safe integration of operations with unmanned aerial vehicles, it is important to take into account the influence of different levels of control and autonomous capabilities, as well as the source of movement monitoring in the system. This article discusses the security issues of unmanned systems, the main directions of ensuring the information security of unmanned systems, software and hardware vulnerabilities have been identified. The methods of information protection are given, the disadvantages are indicated. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. -
Saint Kuriakose Elias Chavara a Christian humanist in dialogue with society
The concepts of humanism, secular and particularly Christian humanism, were very active in the debates of academic circles and related areas for a long time. The application and understanding of Christian humanism in Indian context was felt necessary in the context of the life and contributions of many Christian humanists. St Kuriakose Elias Chavara was a socioreligious reformer of nineteenth century Kerala. His life and that of others were made closer to God and it resulted in getting more meaningful life patterns in the society. His efforts at providing a platform for God experience, education for all, women empowerment, uplift of dalits and the poor and extending concern for the sick and the dying were the fruits of his dialogue with the society. It has got rare parallels in the history of nineteenth century Kerala. 2017 Journal of Dharma: Dharmaram Journal of Religions and Philosophies. -
Sales Prediction Scheme Using RFM based Clustering and Regressor Model for Ecommerce Company
Machine learning models are being used for better insights and decision making across many industries today. It shows to be quite useful for businesses in the ecommerce industry as well due to the vast amount of data generated and its potential. This research aimed to find insights on future sales of an ecommerce company [1]. The vast number of variables including both categorical and continuous variables under product data, customer information, transaction information, led us to implement a prediction model using regressors rather than just time series forecasting techniques. First an RFM (Recency, Frequency and Monetary) based clustering algorithm was used to get customer related information and then integrate those results into a regressor to achieve the desired goal of prediction of sales. Two schemes were tested one being predictions on individual clusters and the other where the clusters were one hot encoded back into the main data. Results show quite high accuracy of prediction. The high R-squared also indicated that our hypothesis of including the variables contributed significantly to the predicted sales values was correct in this case. This research fulfills an identified need to understand how machine learning algorithms can be implemented by multiple algorithms being integrated in sequential and logical orders thus helping derive business specific strategies rather than making it a mere technical process by providing empirical results about how the predicted sales values along with given inputs can contribute in business decision making relating to marketing, inventory management, dynamic pricing or many more such strategies. 2022 ACM. -
Sales Promotion Practices In Apparel Retail Sector And Challenges Ahead
International Journal of Research in Commerce & Management, Vol-5 (1), pp. 25-28. ISSN-0976-2183 -
SALF: A Blockchain-Based Framework for Scalable Academic Credential Management and Institutional Governance
This study introduces SALF (Secure Academic Ledger Framework), a technically innovative blockchain-based system engineered to overcome persistent challenges in academic credential management, including latency bottlenecks, governance opacity, and integration inflexibility. SALF pioneers a hybrid on-chain/off-chain architecture optimized for low-latency operations while preserving blockchain immutability, and it employs a role-based smart contract suite tailored to institutional hierarchies. Unlike prior frameworks, SALF integrates a degree-based incentive mechanism that quantifies data quality metricslegibility, correctness, and non-redundancyto ensure equitable institutional participation and discourage centralization. Built upon a Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus model, SALF achieves high performance under load, maintaining a throughput of over 30 transactions per second (TPS) and P95 latency below 300 milliseconds. RESTful APIs ensure real-time interoperability with existing systems such as ERPs and academic dashboards. Compared to benchmark systems like EduCert-Chain and EduCopyRight-Chain, the proposed framework achieves a 41.3% reduction in latency and maintains stable throughput under high-load conditions, even as other systems exhibit significant degradation or integration constraints. These distinctive technical contributions position SALF as a scalable, governance-aware, and future-ready infrastructure for decentralized academic credentialing across heterogeneous institutions. 2025, Interdisciplinary Publishing Academia. All rights reserved. -
Salutogenesis: A Paradigm for Organizational Health And Sustainability- A Metaphorical analysis.
Volume .5, Issue - 2, P# 43-22 ISSN: 0974-908x -
Salvia officinalis L. resilience under chromium stress: An integrated study of growth, physiology, biochemical changes and rosmarinic acid production
Medicinal plants are increasingly challenged by rising chromium (Cr) levels in agricultural soil and water bodies due to industrialization and human activities. This research examines the impact of various chromium concentrations on Salvia officinalis L., a medicinal herb, over 3 specific time periods: 30, 60 and 90 days. As the duration of Cr exposure increases, various growth parameters showed an upward trend at the lowest concentrations, with the most robust growth observed in the 20 ppm Cr treatment group after 90 days. However, higher chromium concentrations resulted in reduced plant growth compared to untreated plants. Chromium primarily accumulates in the roots, stems and leaves, with the highest accumulation observed at 100 ppm. However, chlorophyll content declined with prolonged Cr exposure, particularly at higher concentrations. Carbohydrate levels initially increased at lower Cr concentrations but decreased with greater exposure, while protein content consistently decreased with elevated Cr levels. Proline levels exhibited mixed responses, rising at lower concentrations and declining at higher ones. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with higher Cr levels and extended exposure. The enzymatic antioxidant system showed an initial increase followed by a decline with prolonged exposure. Rosmarinic acid content increased with chromium (Cr) exposure upto 60 ppm but subsequently decreased beyond that threshold. In the first 30 days, plants treated with Cr demonstrated a 17 % increase in rosmarinic acid production compared to the control (48.9 mg/g DW). However, with continued Cr exposure, there was a decline in rosmarinic acid production ranging from 10 % to 20 % compared to the control level (67.02 mg/g DW) at 90 days post-treatment. These findings underscore the complex and contrasting responses of Salvia officinalis to Cr toxicity, highlighting the necessity for extended study into the core mechanisms governing these responses and the development of strategies to alleviate heavy metal stress in plants. The Author(s). -
SAMPLE TEMPLATES FOR ORGANIZING TEACHING INTERNSHIP
The previous chapter discussed assessment in internship, while this chapter introduces various templates for such assessments and presentations in teaching internship. There are various tasks provided to preservice teachers, such as making reflections, observations, and lesson plans. These tasks are evaluated during the completion of the internship. A rubric for this evaluation is also provided in this chapter. The chapter also provides templates for a permission letter seeking leave and a template for successful completion of internship. The templates provided in this chapter can serve as a valuable resource for teacher educators, researchers and stakeholders in the field of teacher education for internship practices. 2023 selection and editorial matter G.S. Prakasha and Anthony Kenneth; individual chapters, the contributors. -
Sampling and Categorization of Households for Research in Urban India
Conventional sampling methodologies for citizens/households in urban research in India are constrained due to the lack of readily available, reliable sampling frames. Voter lists, for example, are riddled with errors and, as such may not be able to provide a robust sampling frame from which a representative sample can be drawn. The JanaBrown Citizenship Index project consortium (Janaagraha, India; Brown University, USA) has conceptualized a unique research design that provides an alternative way on how to identify, categorize and sample households (and citizens within) in a city in a representative and meaningful way. The consortium consists of the Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy, based in India, and the Brown Center for Contemporary South Asia, part of Brown University, USA. The methodology was designed to enable systematic data collection from citizens and households on aspects of citizenship, infrastructure and service delivery across different demographic sections of society. The article describes how (a) data on communities that are in the minority, such as Muslims, scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST), were used to categorize Polling Parts to allow for stratified random sampling using these strata, (b) geospatial tools such as QGIS and Google Earth were used to create base maps aligning to the established Polling Part unit, (c) the resulting maps were used to create listings of buildings, (d) how housing type categorizations were created (based on the structure/construction material/amenities, etc.) and comprised part of the building listing process, and (e) how the listings were used for sampling and to create population weights where necessary. This article describes these methodological approaches in the context of the project while highlighting advantages and challenges in application to urban research in India more generally. 2022 Lokniti, Centre For The Study Of Developing Societies. -
Sandwich structured pedot-TiO2/GO/PEDOT-TiO2 electrodes for supercapacitor
In this study, we fabricated a divergent strategy to enhance the electrochemical capacitive properties of electrodes via the cost-effective multistep green and facile electrodeposition and brush coating technique of PEDOT-TiO2/GO/PEDOT-TiO2 composite. The synthesised composite showed both EDLCs and pseudocapacitive behaviour with a good specific capacitance of 501 Fg?1 for sandwiched structure at 1 Ag?1. From the results, synthesized composite has a better ion transportation mechanism which leads to a fast chargedischarge cycle as well as a very high value of power density (500 kW/ kg) suitable for supercapacitor applications. The substance demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability, retaining 94 % of capacitance after 2000 cycles. The obtained nanocomposites were examined by FTIR, XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX and electrochemical analyses such as CV, GCD and EIS analyses. We consider that the highly stable PEDOT-TiO2/GO/PEDOT-TiO2 nanocomposite with super-capacitive behaviours is a very promising material for high-performance electrochemical storage. 2023 The Authors -
Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde, a sacred tree: its nutritional value, elemental composition and anti-nutritional content
The sacred Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde tree holds significant medicinal value and is utilized in ayurvedic preparations to treat various health conditions. This research investigated the nutritional, elemental and antinutritional properties of S. asoca leaves and flowers. The nutritional qualities of the tree parts were examined using the muffle furnace and micro-Kjeldahl techniques. Titration techniques were used to assess the antinutritional content of plants, whereas EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray) was used to determine the mineral content. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phenols and flavonoids, along with antioxidant properties that could neutralize free radicals generated by metabolic processes in the body. Nutritional analysis indicated that the floral parts of S. asoca had higher moisture, carbohydrate and crude fat content than the leaves. Conversely, the leaves had elevated ash levels, crude fiber and protein. Leaf samples showed higher concentrations of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sodium, iodine, iron and manganese compared to the floral samples. In contrast, flower samples exhibited higher potassium, copper, silicon and zinc levels. These findings highlight the rich nutritional profile, abundant phytochemicals and essential minerals in both tree parts, with low anti-nutrient content. This information could be instrumental in developing phytopharmaceuticals and nutritious food products. Additionally, utilizing these tree parts could offer a cost-effective way to enhance nutrient intake and address nutritional deficiencies in humans and animals. Copyright: The Author(s).