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Significance of Joule heating and viscous heating on heat transport of MoS2Ag hybrid nanofluid past an isothermal wedge
The problem of flow and heat transport of magneto-composite nanofluid over an isothermal wedge has not been addressed in the literature up to yet. Thus, this article features the laminar transport of Newtonian composite nanomaterial (C2H6O2H2O hybrid base liquid + MoS2Ag hybrid nanoparticles) in the presence of exponential space- and temperature-dependent heat source past an isothermal wedge. An incompressible and electrically conducting fluid is assumed. The effects of Joule heating and viscous heating are also accounted. Single-phase nanofluid model and boundary layer approximation are utilized to govern the equations of flow and heat transport phenomena. The solution of the simplified coupled system of dimensionless constraints is obtained by using the RungeKuttaFehlberg method based on the shooting technique. Detailed analysis of active quantities of interest has been presented and discussed. The interesting physical quantities (friction factors and Nusselt number) are estimated. Also, the slope of the data point is calculated in order to estimate the amount of decrease/increase in physical quantities. 2020, Akadiai Kiad Budapest, Hungary. -
Significance of key distribution using quantum cryptography
The main challenge to the cryptosystems is providing secrecy in distributing key. This challenge is explained through key distribution problem. The key distribution in classical cryptosystems is based on classical information or bits. As bits can be replicable, there will be scope for an eavesdropper to make copies of information. The classical key distribution methods rely on computational assumptions which are not potential to offer anticipated results. Consequently, it is solved using laws of quantum mechanics, and the solution is Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In QKD, the bits are encoded into quantum states or qubits using photon polarization. The qubits cannot be replicated as per the laws of quantum mechanics. An attempt to replication will introduce errors. Thus an eavesdropping will inevitably lead to detectable traces and then the legitimate entities will decide upon discarding a particular qubit. BB84 protocol is the first QKD protocol evolved in 1984. This paper notifies the significance of QKD over key distribution performed using classical methods. It is evidently shown that the time taken to distribute a secret key through BB84 QKD protocol is comparatively less than the classical methods of key distribution. 2018 ICIC International. -
Significance of Lorentz Force and Thermoelectric on the Flow of 29 nm CuO-Water Nanofluid on an Upper Horizontal Surface of a Paraboloid of Revolution
Combination of electric and magnetic forces on charged molecules of flowing fluid in the presence of a significant electromagnetic fields on surfaces with a nonuniform thickness (as in the case of upper pointed surface of an aircraft and bonnet of a car which are examples of upper horizontal surfaces of a paraboloid of revolution - uhspr) is inevitable. In this study, the influence of imposed magnetic field and Hall effects on the flow of 29 nm CuO-water nanofluid over such object is presented. Suitable similarity variables were employed to nondimensionalize and parameterize the dimensional governing equation. The numerical solutions of the corresponding boundary value problem were obtained using Runge-Kutta fourth-order integration scheme along with shooting technique. The domain of cross-flow velocity can be highly suppressed when the magnitude of imposed magnetic strength and that of Hall parameter are large. A significant increase in the cross-flow velocity gradient near an upper horizontal surface of the paraboloid of revolution is guaranteed with an increase in the Hall parameter. Enhancement of temperature distribution across the flow is apparent due to an increase in the volume fraction. 2019 by ASME. -
Significance of nonlinear Boussinesq approximation and non-uniform heat source/sink on nanoliquid flow with convective heat condition: sensitivity analysis
The quadratic convective flow of nanoliquid over an elongating plate subjected to non-uniform heat source/sink, partial slip, and Newton boundary conditions is studied by using the modified Buongiorno model. The correlation for effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanoliquid are taken from the experimental work of Corcione. The dimensionless velocity, temperature, rate of heat transport, and mass transport distributions are simulated by solving the nonlinear boundary value problem using the finite difference method. The additional novelty of the present study is an application of response surface methodology to scrutinize the interactive impact of key parameters on the rate of heat transfer. Further, the influence of key parameters is deliberated on various flow fields using the surface and streamline plots. The higher velocities are noticed for the case of nonlinear Boussinesq approximation as compared with the usual Boussinesq approximation. The temperature enhances with a non-uniform heat source/sink aspect. The sensitivity of the heat transfer to the nanoparticle volume fraction remains positive. 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to SocietItaliana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. -
SIGNIFICANCE OF NURTURING PERMA FLOURISHING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW
This integrated review explored the significance of PERMA, a multidimensional well-being framework, and PERMA-based interventions in promoting student well-being within higher education contexts. The literature search resulted in 16 studies, and the synthesizing of key research findings supports the effectiveness of PERMA-based intervention on students overall well-being. The interventions centered on cultivating PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationship, meaning, accomplishment) offered as semester courses, classroom-based curricula, or intervention programs were found successful in improving wellbeing, happiness, life satisfaction, motivation, relationship building, engagement in learning, and reducing negative emotions, stress, academic boredom, anxiety, depression. Overall, the review findings demonstrate that embedding a PERMA-based well-being program as a holistic approach in education would foster a supportive learning environment and social connection in promoting individual and collective well-being among the students. Future studies could strengthen the present findings and respond to the limitations of the existing studies, which would provide a better understanding of the application and effects of PERMA-based programs. Copyright: The Author(s). -
Significance of quadratic thermal radiation and quadratic convection on boundary layer two-phase flow of a dusty nanoliquid past a vertical plate
Boundary layer two-phase flow of particulate Al2O3-H2O nanoliquid over a vertical flat plate is studied numerically subjected to the aspects of quadratic thermal convection and quadratic thermal radiation. The Khanafer-Vafai-Lightstone monophasic nanofluid model (KVL model) and Saffman's dusty fluid model are used for the equations governing the flow of dusty nanoliquids. The quadratic Boussinesq approximation is used together with the Prandtl's boundary layer approximation. The non-linear problem is treated with the finite difference method. Surface plots and streamlines are presented to visualize the results. A comparison of linear thermal radiation, quadratic thermal radiation, and nonlinear thermal radiation is performed. Among the three types of radiation, the greatest heat transfer is observed in nonlinear thermal radiation followed by quadratic thermal radiation and linear thermal radiation. Also, in the presence of quadratic convection, the heat transport, and velocity field get enhanced. It is found that the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles of 3% volume concentration in particulate water effectively advances the heat transport of the system. However, heat transport gets reduced by increasing the mass fraction of dust particles. Furthermore, in the presence of a transverse magnetic field, the velocity of the dusty nanoliquid gets reduced. 2020 -
Significance of Suffering: A Neuroscience Perspective
Pain and suffering are inevitable realities of life. Not only do humans suffer from physical pain but animals too. Recently, the advent of the covid-19 pandemic has led to a global rise in suffering. The significance of physical pain and the emotional dimension of pain is long understood. Here we are trying to understand the significance of suffering pathway in the human brain. The recent advancement in neuroscience related to insights into pain perception, mirror neuron networks, suffering and compassion has created an appeal to revisit the pain and suffering from a contemporary neuroscience perspective. This article analyzes the benefits of suffering from an evolutionary and neuroscientific approach. Suffering affects people differently as some may become more compassionate and/or resilient while others develop depression. Here we are attempting to explain the underlying neural circuitry involved in suffering, empathy and compassion and to point out the interconnectedness among them. Subsequently, the article proposes a neuroscientific perspective to manage the emotional overdrive associated with suffering. 2025, Imprint Academic. All rights reserved. -
Significance of thickness of paraboloid of revolution and buoyancy forces on the dynamics of EryingPowell fluid subject to equal diffusivity kind of quartic autocatalysis
The flows of non-Newtonian fluid over upper horizontal surfaces of rockets, over bonnets of cars, and pointed surfaces of aircraft are of great importance to the experts in the field of space sciences, automobile construction, and aerodynamic industry where efficiency is dependent on the thickness of paraboloid of revolution, buoyancy, and autocatalysis. The purpose of this study is to present not only the nonlinear governing equation which models the transport phenomenon, but also to analyze the non-Newtonian EryingPowell fluid flow within a thin layer formed on an object which is neither a perfect horizontal nor a vertical, and neither an inclined surface nor a cone/wedge. The governing equation suitable to model the transport phenomenon above for the case of equal diffusivity during quartic autocatalytic kind of chemical reaction was non-dimensionalized and solved numerically. The velocity of the flow along x?direction can be enhanced when thickness increases negligible but buoyancy forces increase significantly. The rate of increase in the velocity of the flow along the y?direction from the wall to the free stream is optimal when the thickness of the paraboloid of revolution is zero (objects with a uniform thickness) and buoyancy force is sufficiently large. The concentration of EryingPowell fluid at the wall G(0) is a decreasing function of Prandtl number but an increasing property of Schmidt number. 2020 Elsevier B.V. -
Significance of variable fluid properties on hybrid nanoliquid flow in a micro-annulus with quadratic convection and quadratic thermal radiation: Response surface methodology
Many engineering and manufacturing processes such as heat storage systems, nuclear power plants, and heat exchangers operate at high temperatures. The temperature gradient in these systems is significantly large so that the transport properties of the fluid are significantly influenced. In such cases considering the constant thermophysical properties for ambient liquid and adopting linear Boussinesq approximation become insignificant. Therefore, in this study, the quadratic convective flow of water-based Ag-MgO hybrid nanoliquid in a micro-annulus with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity is investigated under the temperature jump and velocity slip auxiliary conditions. The effects of quadratic Boussinesq approximation and quadratic Rosseland radiative heat are also addressed. The correlation for effective viscosity and thermal conductivity are modeled by employing the experimental work of Esfe and his collaborators (so-called Esfe Model). The nonlinear dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically using the finite difference method. Further, the sensitivity analysis using response surface methodology (RSM) is performed to enhance the understanding of heat transport behavior. The significance of various flow parameters involving in the current problem is analyzed through 2D and 3D-surface plots. This study portrays that the consequence of quadratic convection, velocity slip, and variable viscosity aspects are positively related to the growth of the momentum layer structure. The heat transport rate is found to be more dominated by quadratic radiation compared to the addition of nanoparticles and temperature variation aspect. The variable viscosity, quadratic convection, and quadratic thermal radiation mechanisms lead to higher skin friction. The thermal layer structure augments with the temperature variation aspect. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the Nusselt number to the addition of nanoparticles and quadratic radiation is always positive. 2021 Elsevier Ltd -
SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE, CULTURAL DISTANCE, AND CULTURAL HUMILITY IN CHILDRENS MEDIA RESEARCH
The study of children, adolescents, and media (CAM) places a special emphasis on the welfare of young audiences and the media that socially, culturally, and historically constructs their identity, knowledge, and understanding of themselves and the world around them. CAM scholars form a legion of worriers and warriors focused on making the world a better place for children to live and learn (Jordan, 2021, p. 147). This legion spans the world, embodying the three traditional realms of media studies (audience, texts, and institutions) as a microcosm of media studies (Lemish, 2015, p. 1) and crosses disciplinary, theoretical, and empirical boundaries. As such, CAM scholarship can sometimes be difficult to find since it is often located in many different disciplinary journals and books as well as in proprietary industry reports. Lemish (2019) spoke of her journey in finding a home for her childrens media research and calls for the need for deeper internationalization of CAM that can account for the variance of childrens lives and the structural forces that shape the market and content of childrens media. This special issue contributes to this vision and highlights CAM research produced outside of a Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic (WEIRD) society (Jordan & Prendella, 2019). Moreover, it allows for a space to reflect on CAM scholarship as a whole and future directions for consideration. Lets explore some of the limitations in existing childrens media research and ways in which international collaboration can help to mediate some of these concerns. (2023). All Rights Reserved. -
Silence, like cancer, grows
Can art and literature really be apolitical? -
Silenced, Scarred & Shattered: Unmasking the Wounds of Child Sexual Abuse in Select American Memoirs
The research brings to light the marginalized voices of three American women who have written about their sexual abuse in their respective memoirs Roxane Gay, Hunger: A Memoir of my Body (2017), Nikki Dubose, Washed Away: From Darkness to Light (2016) and Neesha Arter Controlled: The worst Night of my Life and its Aftermath (2015). Using these memoirs as primary data and using thematic analysis the study identified three themes which were further classified into different subthemes. Firstly, the research discovered the challenges faced by the survivors in expressing and communicating about sexual abuse due to fear and shame, the survivors do not come forward because of threats, because of rape stereotypes that permeate the society and the fear of what parents and others might think. Secondly, the research explores the various impact of trauma that is caused by sexual abuse which include shame, guilt and self blame, unworthy self, uncontrollable rage, disruption of safety and trust, isolating themselves from everyone, hostility towards body, destructive behaviours which include eating disorder from Anorexia Nervosa to Binge eating disorder, it also includes self harm and substance abuse. Thirdly, the research focuses on the recovery aspect on how the survivors learn to live with the wounds caused by sexual abuse. It focuses on how the survivors came in terms with the abuse, the conflicting feelings of forgiveness and revenge and how they sought redemption through writing their journey. 2025 Sciedu Press. All rights reserved. -
Silenced, Scarred & Shattered: Unmasking the Wounds of Child Sexual Abuse in Select American Memoirs
The research brings to light the marginalized voices of three American women who have written about their sexual abuse in their respective memoirs Roxane Gay, Hunger: A Memoir of my Body (2017), Nikki Dubose, Washed Away: From Darkness to Light (2016) and Neesha Arter Controlled: The worst Night of my Life and its Aftermath (2015). Using these memoirs as primary data and using thematic analysis the study identified three themes which were further classified into different subthemes. Firstly, the research discovered the challenges faced by the survivors in expressing and communicating about sexual abuse due to fear and shame, the survivors do not come forward because of threats, because of rape stereotypes that permeate the society and the fear of what parents and others might think. Secondly, the research explores the various impact of trauma that is caused by sexual abuse which include shame, guilt and self blame, unworthy self, uncontrollable rage, disruption of safety and trust, isolating themselves from everyone, hostility towards body, destructive behaviours which include eating disorder from Anorexia Nervosa to Binge eating disorder, it also includes self harm and substance abuse. Thirdly, the research focuses on the recovery aspect on how the survivors learn to live with the wounds caused by sexual abuse. It focuses on how the survivors came in terms with the abuse, the conflicting feelings of forgiveness and revenge and how they sought redemption through writing their journey. 2025 Sciedu Press. All rights reserved. -
Silent Battles of Indian Women: Womanhood, Fertility, and the Weight of PCOS
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted, complex endocrine condition affecting many women worldwide, with increased prevalence in South Asian nations, including India. Though biomedical consequences such as irregular menses, infertility, and insulin resistance are well established, the psychological and social aspects of PCOS are not well understood, especially where femininity is equated with reproduction and physical beauty. Method: This qualitative research examines the PCOS lived experience of eight Indian women. A narrative method was employed, with semistructured interviews used to capture participants individual experiences from diagnosis through treatment and psychosocial adjustment. Results: Five Global themes, 15 organizing themes, and 36 subthemes were identified through thematic analysis. The global themes identified are as follows: (1) PCOS Awareness and DiagnosisDelays and misinformation during diagnosis. (2) Living with PCOSDaily struggles with physical and emotional symptoms. (3) Coping and Seeking SupportReliance on family, friends, and online communities. (4) The Healthcare ExperienceMixed interactions with medical professionals and systemic gaps. (5) Cultural Expectations and IdentityThe impact of gender norms on self-image and social roles. Conclusion: These results highlight the pressing need for culturally responsive, multidisciplinary models of PCOS treatment that tackle the physical manifestations, psychosocial and sociocultural weights experienced by women. The research adds to an expanding literature on chronic disease and gendered health in the Global South, calling for a more holistic view of women's health. The Author(s) 2026 -
Silent subversions and negotiations: An interview with a married effeminate man in the MSM community
Shambu is a member of staff at the MSM branch of a non-profit organisation in urban Bangalore, India, who works on HIV/STI awareness and prevention. His daily life is a careful balance between family responsibilities, his job, multiple sexual partners and sex work. This piece shares Shambus reflections on his early experiences with sexuality, his engagement in cruising sites, gender performance, engagement with male sex workers, non-consensual sex and the financial realities that shape his life, including his involvement in activism. Defying rigid identity boundaries and societal expectations, he openly discusses his relationships with both men and his wife while expressing a desire to be transgender. He recalls a significant relationship with a man he called his panthi, marked by an intricate dynamic of emotions, sex, dominance, economic exchange and silence. His narrative offers a nuanced exploration of identity, gender, sexuality, activism, consent, morality and economic survival in Bangalore. It defies the hegemonic structure of society by challenging the binary construction of gender and sexuality. 2025 The Author(s) -
Silicene and Germanene for Biosensing and Imaging Application
The discovery of two-dimensional materials creates an immense effect in the field of biomedicine especially in sensing applications. Silicene and germanene are group 14 elements, analogs of graphene. Several experiments and theoretical information have proven the excellent properties of silicene and germanene as semiconductors, capacitors, photocatalysts, and sensors. Computational and other studies show the ability of these two-dimensional materials in biosensing applications. These graphene analogs have fascinating characteristics there are no band gaps in the semiconductors which leads to a lack of stability and is liable to oxidation. Since there is an essentiality of band gap for biosensing applications which can be corrected by making some modifications in these analogs using certain metal substrates. In this chapter, we will summarize silicene and germanene elements, their various properties and their applications in biosensing and bioimaging. This suggests silicene and germaneneas promising nanoelements for the evolution of new electronic equipment for biosensing and other uses in future. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
Silicene and Germanene for Biosensing and Imaging Application
The discovery of two-dimensional materials creates an immense effect in the field of biomedicine especially in sensing applications. Silicene and germanene are group 14 elements, analogs of graphene. Several experiments and theoretical information have proven the excellent properties of silicene and germanene as semiconductors, capacitors, photocatalysts, and sensors. Computational and other studies show the ability of these two-dimensional materials in biosensing applications. These graphene analogs have fascinating characteristics there are no band gaps in the semiconductors which leads to a lack of stability and is liable to oxidation. Since there is an essentiality of band gap for biosensing applications which can be corrected by making some modifications in these analogs using certain metal substrates. In this chapter, we will summarize silicene and germanene elements, their various properties and their applications in biosensing and bioimaging. This suggests silicene and germaneneas promising nanoelements for the evolution of new electronic equipment for biosensing and other uses in future. 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLC. -
SILICON DEPLETION in the INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
We report interstellar silicon (Si) depletion and dust-phase column densities of Si along 131 Galactic sight lines using archival observations. The data were corrected for differences in the assumed oscillator strength. This is a much larger sample than previous studies but confirms the majority of results, which state that the depletion of Si is correlated with the average density of hydrogen along the line of sight ( (H) as well as the fraction of hydrogen in molecular form ( f(H2)). We also find that the linear part of the extinction curve is independent of Si depletion. Si depletion is correlated with the bump strength (c3/RV) and the FUV curvature (c4/RV) suggesting that silicon plays a significant role in both the 2175 bump and the FUV rise. 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. -
Silicon photonic modulators for high-speed applications-a review
[No abstract available] -
Silver decorated copper coordination polymer for the electroreduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon liquid fuels
Recently, the development of bimetallic interfaces has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic CO2 electroreduction (CO2ER) efficiently, with selectivity towards energy-dense hydrocarbons. In this study, we report an electrochemically designed silver-decorated copper-dimercapto thiadiazole modified carbon electrode (Ag@Cu-DM), which facilitates a controlled transition from C1to C2liquid products. The optimized electrochemical synthesis method enabled precise control over the polymer-metal interface, promoting strong electronic interactions and charge transfer. The multiple characterizations conducted for the material revealed distinct lattice fringes corresponding to well-defined Cu and Ag phases. The interplay between Cu and Ag, along with the heteroatoms present within the polymer enhances CO2 activation and intermediate stabilization. The developed Ag@Cu-DM catalyst achieved 89 % F.E. for liquid products alone at a low potential of -0.73 V vs RHE and also demonstrated stable electrolysis for upto 8 Hr. 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.