Browse Items (14421 total)
Sort by:
-
Silvergraphene composite: a coating on polyethersulfone membrane for superior water purification with antibacterial, catalytic and antifouling properties
Membrane fouling, originating from a diverse range of sources such as organic matter, inorganic particulates, biological agents, and industrial contaminants, continues to pose a significant challenge in water purification processes. This fouling results from complex nonspecific interactions between the membrane surface and foulants, leading to a substantial decline in filtration performance, including reduced permeability, selectivity, and operational lifespan. To address these limitations, there is an urgent need to engineer advanced membranes with integrated antibacterial, catalytic, and antifouling functionalities to enable efficient and sustainable water treatment. In this context, we developed an innovative approach to mitigate membrane fouling of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by coating with silver-decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This coating imparts exceptional antibacterial efficacy, catalytic dye degradation properties, antifouling performance and remarkable filtration capacity to the PES membrane. The antibacterial assessments conducted against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aures) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria revealed that increasing concentrations of silver in rGO composites resulted in a pronounced inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, with the most significant activity observed for membranes with higher silver loadings (rGO A500). Moreover, catalytic studies performed on the rGO A500 membrane emphasize the degradation of Congo Red, Methyl-Orange, and as well as the conversion of Nitrophenol to Aminophenol, occurring within 46min, 25min, and 23min, respectively. Furthermore, the rGO A500 membrane exhibits notable antifouling properties, evidenced by a flux recovery ratio of 98% and a minimal irreversible fouling ratio of 1.7% during Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein filtration. Additionally, the composite membrane demonstrates an impressive water flux of 50 L m?2h?1 along with dye rejection efficiency of 92% for Congo Red, 86% for Rhodamine-B, and 81% for Methylene Blue. Overall, the findings underscore the multifunctional performance of the rGO A500 composite membrane, showcasing its antibacterial, catalytic and antifouling capabilities, and positioning it as a robust and practical solution for next-generation wastewater treatment technologies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. -
Similarity Analysis for Citation Recommendation System using Binary Encoded Data
Citations are a crucial part of an academic dissertation, project or scientific work. The most time-consuming task for any scholar is to find suitable citations for any work. Thus, a convenient citation recommendation system provides completeness and fulfillment for citing the giants' works. Moreover, attaining high quality for any citation recommendation system is challenging as it should not only recommend relevant papers but also should match the context of the paper. An advanced algorithm SABED (Similarity Analysis using Binary Encoded Data) has been proposed that converts text metadata of the article like author name, doi of the paper, keywords, abstract and content of the paper into the binary format and is fired into the database. The binary formatted query fired fetches the accurate matches thereby increasing the accuracy of search probability and similarity analysis. This similarity analysis can be further used to provide recommendations to the users. The proposed system concentrates on the similarity of the content and hence the context of the papers is not taken into consideration. 2020 IEEE. -
Similarity analysis of court judgements using association rule mining on case citation data-a case study
Information Retrieval System (IRS) is an automated mechanism of retrieving required information from a collection of unstructured or semi-structured data. IRS reduces the efforts of identifying the required information from an enormous database. Legal domain is one of the major producers of complex information which consist of semi-structured and unstructured data. Knowledge based legal information systems are revolutionizing all processes involved in this domain and hence need for more effective legal knowledge management approaches are increasing. This paper proposes association rule mining as knowledge extraction technique that can be used effectively for analyzing relatedness of documents in legal domain. Through this work, authors present their efforts in analyzing similarity in legal documents from the citations done in court judgement by applying Association rule mining. International Research Publication House. -
Simple and Efficient Amberlite 15-catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydroquinazolinones
Abstract: The Amberlite 15 catalyzed synthesis of substituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones was reported. The reaction conditions were optimized by screening in different solvents and catalysts. The substrate scope of the reaction was also studied, and a plausible mechanism for the reaction was proposed. 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. -
Simulating online and offline tasks using hybrid cheetah optimization algorithm for patients affected by neurodegenerative diseases
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a versatile technique to offer better communication system for people affected by the locked-in syndrome (LIS).In the current decade, there has been a growing demand for improved care and services for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. To address this barrier, the current work is designed with four states of BCI for paralyzed persons using Welch Power Spectral Density (W-PSD). The features extracted from the signals were trained with a hybrid Feed Forward Neural Network Cheetah Optimization Algorithm (FFNNCOA) in both offline and online modes. Totally, eighteen subjects were involved in this study. The study proved that the offline analysis phase outperformed than the online phase in the real-time. The experiment was achieved the accuracies of 95.56% and 93.88% for men and female respectively. Furthermore, the study confirms that the subjects performance in the offline can manage the task more easily than in online mode. The Author(s) 2025. -
Simulation and Experimental Analysis of L-Section in Reinforced Cement Concrete: Uncertainties in Performance and Strength
The design and construction of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) flooring play a crucial role in the overall stability of a structure, particularly in regions prone to tectonic activity. RCC floors comprise various beams, including intermediate T-sections and specific L-sections at critical points such as corners and around staircases or lift openings. This paper identifies a key challenge in building frameworks to resist tectonic loads. It further explores the components of the structure that provide potential for interruption, capability, and the safe transfer of tectonic loading to the array connection, all while maintaining sufficient strength. The L-sections were experimented on using various grades of concrete and sizes to reinforce connections under diverse loading conditions. L-sections contribute to reducing floor height, solving economic and technical problems, and creating advanced composite connections that integrate the proposed structural system. The analysis was conducted both analytically and experimentally to assess methods to resist earthquake forces based on stiffness, building strength, and elasticity capacity. These approaches have been identified to safeguard buildings during substantial seismic events. The development of the L-section is detailed, highlighting the loading process and the capacity to overcome various structural challenges. 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. -
Simulation and fabrication of tungsten oxide thin films for electrochromic applications
Electrochromics is the emerging technology that is used in sunlight control window glazing for buildings, automobiles and it can also control indoor climate through smart windows. Electrochromism is the mutable change in optical properties of an electrochromic material caused by redox reactions due to the application of voltage. Easy intercalating the H + ions on a dense electrochromic material (WO3) is the most important parameter as far as the reaction kinetics is concerned. The goal of our work is to improve the electrochemical response of electrochromic material by constructing nano-pillars rather than using dense electrochromic materials. Electrochemical performance of both the dense (planar) and porus (nano pillars) structures were simulated and experimentally proved with a systematic discussion in the present work. It is proven and shown here the increase in the electrochemical kinetics through easy diffusion of ions into the nanostructured electrochromic material. 2022 Elsevier B.V. -
Simulation and multiscale modeling of carbon nanomaterials
Carbon nanomaterials have become more and more significant for simulation and multiscale modeling due to their distinctive features and prospective uses in a variety of disciplines. We give a thorough computational analysis of the electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes in this chapter. Our simulations combine classical and quantum mechanical techniques, such as density functional theory and molecular dynamics. We are able to bridge the gap between atomistic simulations and macroscopic behavior thanks to our multiscale modeling technique, which offers important insights into the behavior of carbon nanomaterials at various length and time scales. For the creation and advancement of novel nanomaterials for diverse applications, our findings offer a basic knowledge of the characteristics of carbon nanomaterials. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Simulation modeling for heart attack patient by mapping cholesterol level
Cholesterol is a complex structural material made up of four-fused hydrocarbon rings. There is a hydrocarbon tail linked at one end of the structure, while the hydroxyl group linked to each other on the other end. To one end of the structure, a hydrocarbon tail linked and to the other end, a hydroxyl group linked to each other. High cholesterol level is one among the major risk factors of a heart attack. It is feasible to compute and control the cholesterol level of a cardiovascular patient by making use of intended Mathematical modeling in System Dynamics (S.D.). Moreover, by simulating proposed set of equations for a heart attack patient, recovery accomplished at a faster pace. Because of S.D., a substantial amount of reduction in the patient's Cardiovascular Disease achieved by control over the sterol level of the heart patient. This simulation modeling is an attempt made in translational research domain and is useful in the healthcare industry health care industry. It will minimize the risk of heart stroke and maintain a healthy life. Copyright 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Simulation of IoT-based Smart City of Darwin: Leading Cyber Attacks and Prevention Techniques
The Rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology made the world smarter as it has embedded deeply in several application areas such as manufacturing, homes, cities, and health etc. In the developed cities, millions of IoT devices are deployed to enhance the lifestyle of citizens. IoT devices increases the efficiency and productivity with time and cost efficiency in smart cities, on the other hand, also set an attractive often easy targets for cybercriminals by exposing a wide variety of vulnerabilities. Cybersecurity risks, if ignored can results as very high cost to the citizens and management as well. In this research, simulated IoT network of Darwin CBD has been used with different IoT simulation tools. The treacherous effects of vulnerable IoT environment are demonstrated in this research followed by implementation of security measures to avoid the illustrated threats. 2023 IEEE. -
Simulation of the Electrical Control Unit (ECU) in Automated Electric Vehicles for Reliability and Safety Using On-Board Sensors and Internet of Things
The adaptation of the energy storage system (ESS) with high power and energy density remains a difficulty for electric vehicles (EVs), despite the increasing demand they are experiencing around the world. A lightweight, compact ESS is necessary to deliver the responsive performance and driving range that modern vehicles need. When planning for widespread use of EVs, it's important to give careful attention to the factors of ESS selection, sizing, and administration. One of the most promising future mobility alternatives is the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which offers improved fuel economy and lower pollution levels. As a result, one of the most pressing needs is for automakers to develop new technologies for vehicle design that might help lessen emissions and boost economy. The environmental impact of emissions from light-duty cars is growing in tandem with the annual increase in the number of such vehicles on the road. The usage of other modes of transportation, such as ships and planes, is on the rise, but road transportation will always be the most common. Electronic Control Units, or ECUs, have been increasingly commonplace in cars during the past few decades. Vehicle network multicore CPU scheduling is notoriously difficult. This study's findings consist of a straightforward power-sharing control approach for the HESS based on battery and UC, with the goal of extending the battery's useful life in a city environment. 2023 IEEE. -
Simulation study of droplet formation in inkjet printing using ANSYS FLUENT
Flow simulations of jetting of inkjet drops are presented for water and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, droplet jetting behaviour is the deciding parameter for print quality. The multiphase volume of fluid (VOF) method is used because the interaction between two phases (air and liquid) is involved in the drop formation process. The commercial inkjet printer has a nozzle diameter of ~73.2?m. In this work, a simulation model of inkjet printer nozzles with different diameters 40?m, 60?m, and 80?m are developed using ANSYS FLUENT software. It is observed that when water is taken as solvent then the stable droplets are generated at 60?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of its low viscosity. For higher diameter, the stamen formation is observed. Ethylene glycol stable droplets are achieved at 80?m nozzle diameter till 9?s because of their high viscosity (~10 times that of water). Along with the droplet formation, the sustainability of the droplet in the air before reaching the substrate is also important. The simulation model is an inexpensive, fast, and flexible alternative to study the ink characteristics of the real-world system without wasting resources. 2022 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Simulation, optimisation and analysis of energy saving in crude oil distillation unit
Physical distillation is the major process in crude oil refineries as of now. To ensure quality control in the final products, it is essential to ascertain the true boiling point of the crude oil and the products. The work is mainly concentrated to an industrial crude oil distillation unit. The objective of the paper is to present the simulation and optimisation of crude distillation unit (CDU) along with the analysis of energy saving, using Aspen HYSYS V8.8.2. Different crudes are taken into account, their properties and amount of distillate are analysed. The process optimisation is done in an easier manner using Aspen HYSYS rather than the conventional mathematical method, together with the advanced process control tools; make it profitable in the operation in real-time. The simulation results are validated with the actual plant results. Copyright 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Simulations of electric vehicle model for insights into pre-planned trajectory profiles
Electric vehicles are slowly gaining its significance in the automobile sector due to stringent emission norms. This research article highlights the fundamental modeling steps required for an electric vehicle designing following a simulation approach using MATLAB/Simulink software. It gives a clear and concise way to interpret vehicle model from a simple to complex modelling approach. Unlike other research works, this paper helps to thoroughly perceive the fundamentals involved in modeling an electric vehicle with different trajectory profiles. The vehicles behavior when subjected to different external forces, steering characteristics under different path profiles are analyzed in a systematic way. This research work highlights the significance of identifying and solving issues faced in the safety sub-system of an EV. 2020 SERSC. -
Simulations of electric vehicle model for insights into pre-planned trajectory profiles
Electric vehicles are slowly gaining its significance in the automobile sector due to stringent emission norms. This research article highlights the fundamental modeling steps required for an electric vehicle designing following a simulation approach using MATLAB/Simulink software. It gives a clear and concise way to interpret vehicle model from a simple to complex modelling approach. Unlike other research works, this paper helps to thoroughly perceive the fundamentals involved in modeling an electric vehicle with different trajectory profiles. The vehicles behavior when subjected to different external forces, steering characteristics under different path profiles are analyzed in a systematic way. This research work highlights the significance of identifying and solving issues faced in the safety sub-system of an EV. 2020 SERSC. -
Simultaneous first order derivative spectrophotometric determination of Vanadium and Zirchonium in alloy steels and minerals
Spectrochimica Acta Part A : Molecular and Bio molecular Spectroscopy, Vol.95,pp.46-52, ISSN No. 1386-1425 -
Simultaneous first order derivative spectrophotometric determination of vanadium and zirconium in alloy steels and minerals
A simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of trace amounts of vanadium(V) and zirconium(IV) in acetic acid medium using a newly synthesised reagent diacetylmonoxime salicyloylhydrazone (DMSH), without any prior separation. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of the coloured species are 1.30 x 10 4 and 1.82 x 10 4 Lmol -1cm -1 and 3.9 and 2.5 ng cm -2 for V(V) and Zr(IV), respectively. Beer's law is obeyed between 0.26-2.80 and 0.30-3.20 ?g mL -1 concentration of vanadium (V) and zirconium (IV) at 405 and 380 nm respectively. The stoichiometry of the complex was found to be 1:1 (metal:ligand) for V(V) and 1:2 for Zr(IV) complexes. These metal ions interfere with the determination of each other in zero order spectrophotometry. The first derivative spectra of these complexes permitted a simultaneous determination of V(V) and Zr(IV) at zero crossing wavelengths of 445 nm and 405 nm, respectively. The optimum conditions for maximum colour development and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of zirconium and vanadium in standard alloy steel samples, mineral and soil samples. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. -
Simultaneous photovoltaic distributed generation and capacitor optimization for enhancing performance indices of radial power distribution system
This paper presents an effective metaheuristic framework using the Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA) for the simultaneous allocation of distributed generation (DG) units and capacitor banks (CB) in radial distribution systems (RDS). The method optimizes the locations and sizing for DG units and CB to minimize active power losses (APL), to reduce voltage deviation (VD), and to enhance voltage stability. The performance of the proposed approach is tested on IEEE 69-bus and 118-bus benchmark RDSs and the real-time Tala Egyptian RDS. The OOA achieved superior results compared to popular heuristic algorithms such as antlion optimizer (ALO), hunter-prey optimizer (HPO), and whale optimizer algorithm (WOA). Specifically, for three units of DG and single capacitor integration in the 69-bus system, OOA reduced the total APL by 75.1%, lowered the total voltage deviation (TVD) by 1.4835p.u., and improved the total voltage stability index (TVSI) by 3.0229. With optimal assimilation of three units of DG and capacitors each, APL reduction, TVD minimization, and TVSI improvement further extended to 79.9%, 1.5013p.u., and 2.2787, respectively. Furthermore, OOA validation on a variable-load 69-bus RDS and the real 37-bus Tala Egyptian RDS demonstrated consistent and superior performance, showcasing its robustness. Statistical analyses also confirm OOAs efficiency and ability to solve DG planning in the distribution networks. The Author(s) 2025. -
Simultaneous X-Ray and Optical Polarization Observations of the Blazar Mrk 421
We present near-simultaneous X-ray and optical polarization measurements in the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 421. The X-ray polarimetric observations were carried out using Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) on 2023 December 6. During IXPE observations, we also carried out optical polarimetric observations using 104 cm Sampurnanand telescope at Nainital and multiband optical imaging observations using 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at Hanle. From model-independent analysis of IXPE data, we detected X-ray polarization with degree of polarization (?X) of 8.5% 0.5% and an electric vector position angle (?X) of 10.6 1.7 in the 2?8 keV band. From optical polarimetry on 2023 December 6, in B, V, and R bands, we found values of ?B = 4.27% 0.32%, ?V = 3.57% 0.31%, and ?R = 3.13% 0.25%. The value of ?B is greater than that observed at longer optical wavelengths, with the degree of polarization suggesting an energy-dependent trend, gradually decreasing from higher to lower energies. This is consistent with that seen in other HSP blazars and favors a stratified emission region encompassing a shock front. The emission happening in the vicinity of the shock front will be more polarized due to the ordered magnetic field resulting from shock compression. The X-ray emission, involving high-energy electrons, originates closer to the shock front than the optical emission. The difference in the spatial extension could plausibly account for the observed variation in polarization between X-ray and optical wavelengths. This hypothesis is further supported by the broadband spectral energy distribution modeling of the X-ray and optical data. 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. -
Single activity recognition system: A review
Human Activity Recognition (HAR) plays an important role in smart home assisted living system which is one among the growing research area in smart computing. In this modern era, Smart home assisted living is highly recommended for elderly people to monitor and assist in taking care of themselves. HAR is applied in various ambiences to recognize single activity and group activity as well. This chapter focuses on single activity recognition system with respect to variety of sensors used in smart homes, activity recognition methods and wide range of communication systems that helps to ease the living style of elderly people in healthy environment which can be linked to the advancement of IoT technology in smart building. This chapter reviews many applications with variety of sensors, real time smart home projects, and smart home assisted living systems including activity recognition methods and communication systems. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.