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Supreme court dialogue classification using machine learning models
Legal classification models help lawyers identify the relevant documents required for a study. In this study, the focus is on sentence level classification. To be more precise, the work undertaken focuses on a conversation in the supreme court between the justice and other correspondents. In the study, both the nae Bayes classifier and logistic regression are used to classify conversations at the sentence level. The performance is measured with the help of the area under the curve score. The study found that the model that was trained on a specific case yielded better results than a model that was trained on a larger number of conversations. Case specificity is found to be more crucial in gaining better results from the classifier. 2023 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. -
Surface acoustic waves in a layered piezoelectric plate with considered surface effects
In an attempt to remove such impediments in the technological revolution of surface acoustics waves (SAW) sensors, the main objective of the current work is to study how wave propagation direction effects the performance of SAW macro- and nano-sensors. In order to investigate the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) and anti-plane SH waves in piezoelectric materials with surface effects, a model has been presented. The wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium is presented using the theoretical forms that are generated. To get the phase velocity equation from the wavenumber expression, we additionally use surface elasticity theory. To account for surface phenomena at the nanoscale, the model includes permittivity, surface elasticity, and piezoelectricity. Two configurations are investigated: a piezoelectric material half-space with a nano-substrate and an orthotropic piezoelectric material layer atop an elastic framework. Frequency equations for both symmetric and anti-symmetric waves are determined analytically. The crucial thickness of the piezoelectric layer, where surface energy greatly affects dispersion properties, is highlighted by numerical results. Analysis of the impact of density and surface elasticity on wave velocity reveals a boundary-like spring force. The objective of this study is to investigate the SH wave transmission behavior in anisotropic, transversely isotropic piezoelectric nanostructures. Summaries of recent theoretical work aid in the construction of more effective surface acoustic wave sensors, and the study findings may be valuable in building SAW devices and piezoelectric sensors. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. -
Surface adsorption and anticorrosive behavior of benzimidazolium inhibitor in acid medium for carbon steel corrosion
Corrosion inhibition property of a newly synthesized 3-(4-chlorobenzoylmethyl) benzimidazolium bromide inhibitor against carbon steel corrosion in 1N hydrochloric acid solution was studied and analyzed utilizing various electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance study inferred that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and give 93.5% at 250ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization study emphasized that inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption of inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The noise results were in good correlation with other electrochemical results obtained. The increase of inhibition efficiency with concentrations of inhibitor is attributed to the blocking of the active area by the inhibitor adsorption on the metal surface. The thermodynamic parameter values were calculated and discussed to explain the adsorption mechanism of inhibitor in an acidic medium. The protective surface morphology governed by the inhibited medium was investigated using the scanning electron microscopic technique. The surface roughness of the sample in the absence and presence of inhibitor was obtained using atomic force microscopic study. The effect and reactivity of the inhibitor are further clarified with quantum chemical analysis. Finally, the corrosion protection mechanism is proposed on the ground of experimental and theoretical studies. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. -
Surface adsorption and anticorrosive behavior of benzimidazolium inhibitor in acid medium for carbon steel corrosion /
Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.52, Issue 11, pp.1659–1674, ISSN No: 0021-891X (Print) 1572-8838 (Online).
Corrosion inhibition property of a newly synthesized 3-(4-chlorobenzoylmethyl) benzimidazolium bromide inhibitor against carbon steel corrosion in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution was studied and analyzed utilizing various electrochemical methods. Electrochemical impedance study inferred that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration and give 93.5% at 250 ppm. Potentiodynamic polarization study emphasized that inhibitor acted as a mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption of inhibitor on the metal surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The noise results were in good correlation with other electrochemical results obtained. -
Surface bound copper- grafted TiO2 nanocatalyst for carbon-sulfur cross coupling reaction
This study reports the synthesis of TiO2-based nanocatalyst for efficient diarylsulfide synthesis via Ullmann-type reaction strategy, addressing challenges in conventional methods that are reliant on toxic reagents and harsh reaction conditions. The nanocatalyst comprises an amine-functionalized TiO2 core followed by copper doping. This nanocatalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in cross coupling reactions under mild conditions, achieving yields up to 5098 % with broad-substrate scope. The pure products were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectrometry. The catalyst's heterogeneous nature enables easy recovery and reuse for upto 5 cycles without any significant activity loss. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using various characterization techniques such as FT-IR, TGA, XRD, EDX, SEM, and STEM. This approach aligns with the green chemistry principles, minimizing waste and energy consumption and replacing highly expensive transition metal catalysts. The work highlights the potential of functionalized TiO2 nanomaterials in sustainable organic synthesis, contributing to SDGs 3 (Health through safer pharmaceuticals), 9 (industry innovation), and 12 (responsible production). 2025 Elsevier B.V. -
Surface Effects Study: A Continuum Approach from Fundamental Modes to Higher Modes and Topological Polarization in Orthotropic Piezoelectric Materials
The primary goal of the current work is to investigate how wave propagation influences the performance of surface acoustics wave (SAW) macro-and nano-sensors. Therefore, shear horizontal (SH) waves use the surface piezoelectricity theory to explore SH waves in an orthotropic piezoelectric quasicrystal (PQC) layer overlying an elastic framework (Model I), a piezoelectric substrate, and an orthotropic PQC substrate (model II). This study employs a variable-separable technique. The theoretical forms are constructed and used to present the wavenumber of surface waves in any direction of the piezoelectric medium, based on the differential equations and matrix formulation. In addition, we take into account the surface elasticity theory in order to obtain the phase velocity equation. Two configurations are examined: An orthotropic piezoelectric material layer over an elastic framework and a piezoelectric material half-space with a nanosubstrate. Analytical expressions for frequency equations are derived for both symmetric and antisymmetric waves. This study investigates the effects of surface elastic constants, surface density, anisotropic piezoelectric constant, and symmetric and antisymmetric modes on phase velocity. This study is confined to only linear wave propagation. Additionally, the analysis is based on idealized material properties, surface properties, and characteristic length of the material. Copyright 2024 by ASME. -
Surface energy transmission in dry long bones: A continuum mechanics approach with initial stress and rotation
This study examines the effect of the initial stress and a magnetic field on wave propagation in a dry long bone, modeled as an orthotropic hollow cylinder. The governing equations of motion are formulated in terms of displacements, capturing the anisotropic nature of the bone materials. A continuum mechanics approach with differential equations is utilized to compute phase velocity and vibration frequencies of harmonic wave propagation through the medium. Mathematica software is used for plotting the graphs. The current study discussed two cases: Case I is without rotation, and Case II is with rotation. Comparison analysis is also done for both cases. Graphical representations demonstrate the impact of initial stress, magnetic field, and surface span on wave behavior, emphasizing the sensitivity of phase velocity to these parameters. The findings contribute to theoretical knowledge of wave transmission in orthotropic bone structure, with possible implications in noninvasive diagnostics, including bone integrity and fracture healing rates. Moreover, the study provides the groundwork for future orthopedic research by shedding light on the dynamic behavior of long bones under mechanical and magnetic forces. The novelty of the study lies in its exploration of the combined effects of initial stress and a magnetic field on wave propagation in dry long bones, modeled as an orthotropic hollow cylinder. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Surface functionalized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles and their applications
Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon dots (CDs) are zero-dimensional nanomaterials embodying physicochemical characteristics appropriate for novel and improved applications in various disciplines. Tunable photoluminescence, photostability, small size, low cost, biocompatibility, etc., are some of the promising features of CDs. The CDs are usually composed of a graphitic core surrounded by shell layers containing various functional groups. Surface functionalization of CDs is known to customize, and regulate the properties of CDs, thereby proliferating their applications. A variety of physical and chemical methods have been used for the preparation of CDs with tailored surfaces. The choice of the synthetic strategy generally depends on the type of surface modification required and the fluorescence behavior expected. This chapter summarizes and discusses the existing strategies for preparing surface functionalized CDs and the resultant fluorescence phenomena. The surface functionalization of CDs can decisively influence their suitability in several applications. In some applications, surface functionalization improves the existing utility, while novel utilities are emerging in others. The influence of surface functionalities of CDs on biomedical and catalytic applications has been discussed in detail in this chapter. CDs have emerged as a promising material for enhancing the performance, sustainability, and safety of various energy storage devices like batteries, supercapacitors etc. Continued research and development in this area could lead to the realization of more efficient and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions. The chapter concludes by discussing the challenges in synthesizing surface functionalized CDs and their acceptability in biomedical and industrial applications. 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies. -
Surface Modification and Enhanced Catalytic Interface in Bifunctional Montmorillonite for the Synthesis of Novel Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-Carboxylates
This study centers on the modification of montmorillonite (MMT) through the incorporation of pillaring agents, specifically ceria (CeO2) and zirconia (ZrO2), using a straightforward synthesis technique. The resulting catalyst is thoroughly characterized by employing various standard spectroscopic and electron microscopic methods to verify its structural and compositional integrity. Moreover, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) is utilized to assess and quantify the acidic properties of the catalyst. The modified MMT catalyst is then applied in the ultrasonic-assisted one-pot synthesis of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylates. This approach allowed for the efficient production of these compounds, which are subsequently characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) to confirm their structures. Additionally, the study elucidates the mechanistic role of ultrasonication in enhancing the synthesis process, highlighting the way sonic energy improves reactant dispersion, accelerates reaction rates, and facilitates high-yield formation of the target heterocycles. 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
Surface modified CaO nanoparticles with CMC/D-carvone for enhanced anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the continued challenge to cancer therapy are in desperate need of developing innovative therapeutic strategies. In this regard, the present research work focuses on the development of CaO NPs and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities. CaO nanoparticles were synthesized by facile one pot chemical approach and eventually functionalized with CMC and D-carvone biomolecules. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles was found to be 21.18 nm and 17.02 nm respectively. The band gap values obtained for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles were 4.44 eV, and 4.25 eV respectively. The CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles show absorption maxima at 292 nm, slightly red-shifted from bare CaO nanoparticles. HRTEM and SEM analysis revealed that the prepared samples were roughly spherical and agglomerated in nature. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles against MRSA and C. albicans was 20.1 0.3 mm and 21.1 0.2 mm, respectively, significantly higher than that of pure CaO nanoparticles (14.1 0.2 mm and 13.2 0.1 mm) and comparable to standard anti-bacterial streptomycin and antifungal fluconazole discs. Anticancer activity was assessed via MTT assay against MOLT-4 blood cancer cells, where the IC50 values for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles were 22.6 ?g/mL and 21.54 ?g/mL, respectively. Additionally, CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity (80 %) compared to CaO (70 %) at 20 ?g/mL, with performance comparable to that of Vitamin C. Experimental results revealed that the CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles exhibited superior biological activity compared to pure CaO nanoparticles. 2025 Indian Chemical Society -
Surface modified CaO nanoparticles with CMC/D-carvone for enhanced anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the continued challenge to cancer therapy are in desperate need of developing innovative therapeutic strategies. In this regard, the present research work focuses on the development of CaO NPs and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial and anti-cancer activities. CaO nanoparticles were synthesized by facile one pot chemical approach and eventually functionalized with CMC and D-carvone biomolecules. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles was found to be 21.18 nm and 17.02 nm respectively. The band gap values obtained for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles were 4.44 eV, and 4.25 eV respectively. The CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles show absorption maxima at 292 nm, slightly red-shifted from bare CaO nanoparticles. HRTEM and SEM analysis revealed that the prepared samples were roughly spherical and agglomerated in nature. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles against MRSA and C. albicans was 20.1 0.3 mm and 21.1 0.2 mm, respectively, significantly higher than that of pure CaO nanoparticles (14.1 0.2 mm and 13.2 0.1 mm) and comparable to standard anti-bacterial streptomycin and antifungal fluconazole discs. Anticancer activity was assessed via MTT assay against MOLT-4 blood cancer cells, where the IC50 values for CaO and CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles were 22.6 ?g/mL and 21.54 ?g/mL, respectively. Additionally, CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity (80 %) compared to CaO (70 %) at 20 ?g/mL, with performance comparable to that of Vitamin C. Experimental results revealed that the CaO-CMC-Dcar nanoparticles exhibited superior biological activity compared to pure CaO nanoparticles. 2025 Indian Chemical Society -
Surface modified Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures for hydrogen generation from catalytic dissociation of NaBH4
Liquid chemical hydrides, such as aqueous sodium borohydride (NaBH4), offer a safer, energy-dense alternative for fuel cell vehicles, enabling on-demand hydrogen release under ambient conditions. However, achieving large-scale viability for this system requires the development of a cost-effective and durable catalyst to improve hydrogen release efficiency. In this study, three distinct nanostructured Co3O4 catalysts (nanorods (NR), nanosheets (NS), and nanocubes (NC)) were synthesised via a hydrothermal method and further modified by incorporating B and P heteroatoms on the surface. Among these, the B/P-Co3O4-NS catalyst with its 2D nanosheet structure exhibited the highest catalytic activity, achieving an activation energy of 17.7 kJ/mol and a maximum hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 5.6 L/min/g for hydrolysis of NaBH4. All three B/P-modified Co3O4 catalysts outperformed both CoPB nanoparticles and unmodified Co3O4, attributed to enhanced electronic interactions and induced lattice strain from B and P incorporation, with the nanosheet morphology providing a large surface area for improved efficiency. The B/P- Co3O4-NS catalyst also demonstrated notable stability, successfully enduring recycling and high-temperature treatment (773 K). These results highlight B/P-Co3O4-NS as a promising candidate for practical hydrogen generation, combining high catalytic performance with robust stability. 2025 Elsevier Ltd -
Surface modified graphene/SnO2 nanocomposite from carbon black as an efficient disinfectant against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Carbon based nanocomposite with well-defined integrated properties are highly sort after in the field of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. We report a facile one step hydrothermal route for the production of graphene sheets interlaced with SnO2 nanoparticles. Graphene oxide (GO)sheets are obtained by the surface functionalization of powdered carbon black. A facile hydrothermal method is employed to integrate SnO2 nanostructures over the graphene surface. All the samples exhibited long term stability and unique fluorescence response with no sign of photobleaching even after a storage of 30 months. Antibacterial activity of the samples at each stage is tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a highly resilient bacterial strain possessing very high attributable mortality rate and causes a variety of ailments from diarrhea to meningitis. Bactericidal activity of carbon black, GO derived from carbon black and graphene-SnO2 nanocomposite is tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disk diffusion assay for the first time. Comparing the zone of inhibition produced by carbon black, GO and the nanocomposite, highest antibacterial performance is exhibited by the nanocomposite sample (25 0.3 mm)followed by GO (16 0.5 mm)and pristine carbon black (14 0.3 mm). The bactericidal ability of the nanocomposite increased by ?79% compared to pristine carbon black. MIC analysis revealed that the nanocomposite could inhibit the bacterial growth at a much lower concentration (250 ?g/mL)compared to the precursors. The high antibacterial efficacy and long-term stability of graphene-tin oxide nanocomposite synthesized from carbon black facilitates its usage as a potent antibacterial agent in disinfectant and sanitation industry. 2019 Elsevier B.V. -
Surface modulation and structural engineering of graphitic carbon nitride for electrochemical sensing applications
The rediscovery of the old-age material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2D conducting polymer, has given rise to a tide of articles exploring its diverse applications. Recently, owing to its excellent physicochemical stability and tunable electronic structure, the material has proven to be an eminent candidate for improving the sensing quality of electrodes. Excellent properties of g-C3N4 such as exposed surface area, metal-free characteristics, and low-cost synthesis have attracted facile and economical designing of sensors for a variety of analyte molecules. Herein, the readers are introduced to the historical development of g-C3N4 and escorted to the present findings of its electrochemical sensing applications. Along with its sensing utilities, the review shares some exciting insights into the synthesis, structural, and surface chemistry modulations of g-C3N4. A great many approaches for overcoming the inherent limitations have also been critically discussed, starting with the precursor in use. This review article aims to provide a concise perspective and direction to future researchers for enabling them to fabricate smart and eco-friendly sensors using g-C3N4. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Islamic Azad University. -
Surface modulation and structural engineering of graphitic carbon nitride for electrochemical sensing applications /
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, Vol.12, Issue 5, ISSN No: 2193-8865.
The rediscovery of the old-age material graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2D conducting polymer, has given rise to a tide of articles exploring its diverse applications. Recently, owing to its excellent physicochemical stability and tunable electronic structure, the material has proven to be an eminent candidate for improving the sensing quality of electrodes. Excellent properties of g-C3N4 such as exposed surface area, metal-free characteristics, and low-cost synthesis have attracted facile and economical designing of sensors for a variety of analyte molecules. Herein, the readers are introduced to the historical development of g-C3N4 and escorted to the present findings of its electrochemical sensing applications. Along with its sensing utilities, the review shares some exciting insights into the synthesis, structural, and surface chemistry modulations of g-C3N4. -
Surface Roughness Analysis in AWJM for Enhanced Workpiece Quality
Abrasive Water Jet Machining is a distinctive manufacturing process that effectively removes material from a workpiece by employing a high-pressure stream of water combined with abrasive particles. The final quality of the machined surface is directly influenced by various process parameters, such as the traverse speed, hydraulic pressure, stand-off distance, abrasive flow rate, and the specific type of abrasive used. In recent times, extensive research has been undertaken to enhance the performance of AWJM, with a specific focus on critical performance measures like surface roughness. This paper presents the latest advancements in AWJM research, with particular attention given to enhancing performance measures, implementing process monitoring and control, and optimizing process variables for applications involving high-carbon steel. 2024 E3S Web of Conferences -
Surface tempering of poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode with spine-like cobalt inorganic phosphate: An efficacious electrochemical metol sensor
N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate (metol) is a photographic developing agent that has a toxic effect on humans and aquatic life. A cost-effective and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed by electrodepositing Co-Pi over poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode (Co-Pi/PTAA/CFP) for the determination of metol (ML). Surface modification of Co-Pi facilitates superior electrocatalytic performance by offering more active sites and faster electron transport kinetics. The Physico-chemical characterization of the fabricated electrode was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Optical profilometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electroanalytical techniques. The electrochemical studies were performed using Cyclic voltammetry (CV), Electron Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV). DPV studies revealed excellent sensing performance for ML, with a wide linear dynamic range of 6 nM to 800 nM, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 nM. A distinctive oxidative anodic peak was observed at 0.11 V indicating the excellent electrochemical performance of the electrode. The results suggested that the developed electrode exhibited good catalytic activity, selectivity, and sensitivity towards the electrochemical determination of ML. Further, the developed electrode was extended to its application in real samples obtained from lake water and domestic wastewater. 2022 -
Surface tempering of poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode with spine-like cobalt inorganic phosphate: An efficacious electrochemical metol sensor /
Surfaces and Interfaces, Vol.35, ISSN No: 2468-0230.
N-methyl-p-aminophenol sulfate (metol) is a photographic developing agent that has a toxic effect on humans and aquatic life. A cost-effective and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed by electrodepositing Co-Pi over poly-(3 thiophene acetic acid) coated carbon fiber paper electrode (Co-Pi/PTAA/CFP) for the determination of metol (ML). Surface modification of Co-Pi facilitates superior electrocatalytic performance by offering more active sites and faster electron transport kinetics. The Physico-chemical characterization of the fabricated electrode was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Optical profilometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electroanalytical techniques. -
Surface tuning of nanostructured graphitic carbon nitrides for enhanced electrocatalytic applications: a review
The precursors for developing sustainable and environment-friendly energy conversion and storage devices requires the utilization of advanced, highly efficient, and economical nano-structured electrocatalysts instead of conventional and expensive noble metals. Therefore, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a material has gained wide attention due to its relative ease of synthesis, high nitrogen content, conductivity, and tuneable band gap energy. In recent years, their tunable electronic properties along with physicochemical stability have given rise to numerous research delving into their diverse range of applications. With the advancement in the tuning of their electrochemical performance, the electrical conductivity of g-C3N4 can be enhanced by structurally modifying the g-C3N4 framework accordingly. This review focuses on various structural modifications of g-C3N4 by functionalization, elemental doping, and hybridizing techniques for ameliorating the number of active sites resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic performance. Herein, the prospective researchers are given a concise perspective regarding the surface tuning of g-C3N4 for improving their electrocatalytic applications. 2023 Elsevier Ltd -
Surface water detection and delineation using remote sensing images: a review of methods and algorithms
Multispectral and hyperspectral images captured by remote sensing satellites or airborne sensors contain abundant information that can be used to study and analyze objects of interest on the surface of earth and their properties. The potential of remotely sensed images for studying natural resources like water has been studied by researchers over the past many years. As water is an important natural resource that needs to be conserved, such studies have been of great interest to the scientific community. By employing appropriate digital image processing techniques on images taken from remote sensing satellites or airborne sensors, an effective system can be developed to study the quantitative and qualitative changes happening to surface water bodies over a period of time. Surface water detection and mapping is a crucial and necessary step in such studies and different automated and semi-automated methods have been developed over the years for mapping water in remotely sensed images. Remote sensing sensors capture images at multiple bands corresponding to different wavelength ranges in the EM spectrum. Digital image processing based techniques for water mapping falls predominantly into four categories; (i) single band based methods, (ii) spectral index based methods, (iii) machine learning based methods and (iv) spectral mixture analysis based methods. This paper presents a review of techniques, methods, algorithms and the sensors/satellites that have been developed and experimented with to perform surface water body detection and delineation from remote sensing images. 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.