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The influences of lateral groups on 4-cyanobiphenyl-benzonitrile- based dimers
Cyanobiphenyl-based compounds are known to display RT or low melting liquid crystals in a single-component system or composites. Herein, we discuss the influence of laterally substituted groups (-CN, -F, -H) on 4-[?-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4-yloxy)alk-1-yloxy]benzonitrile. Three series of new dimers were synthesised by using 4-cyano-4-hydroxybiphenyl connected via flexible spacers with different number of carbon atoms to 4-hydroxyphthalonitrile/ 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy benzonitrile/ 4-hydroxy benzonitrile. Their self-assembly in LC phases assessed by polarising optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction studies, and their behaviours are compared with related non-substituted (-H) model compound. UV-Visible and fluorescent experiments confirm the strong aggregation, the intensities of emission decrease as we move from CN?F?H substitutions. A representative dimer from each series covering the aspect of polarity and flexibility have been simulated using 1000 minimisation steepest descent and CHARMM force filed to examine their self-assembly. This work helps to understand the influence of lateral groups, connecting spacers on the LC behaviour of dimers. 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. -
The Informal Sector in India: Neo-dualism and Dual Policy Response
While the Indian economy grows steadily, its transformation reveals a disturbing pattern. Despite a continuing shift of labour out of agriculture, most of the employment expansion in the non-agricultural sector is concentrated within the low-income-generating informal sector. Dominant discourses consider that this prevalence of the informal sector (and informal employment in general) could be mitigated through economic growth complemented by some institutional reforms. However, our detailed observations on India show that the informal sector is expanding in tandem with the overall capitalist growth driven by the formal sector. We found that an expansion of the formal sector engenders a spread of informality along with its dual (intra-sectoral) tendencies of progression and persistence. While the formal sector-linked relatively large-sized informal firms are progressing, the vast petty-informal segment is trapped in stagnancy. This scenario calls for product-specific cluster formations involving millions of rural-urban petty informal firms. The clusters could be a collective and cohesive instrument to resist the aggressive formal sector dominated by big capital. On the other hand, the formal sector-linked advanced segment of the informal sector can be developed by inducing such linkages. Thus, a dual intra-sectoral trend necessitates a dual policy response. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Sejuti Das Gupta, Shouvik Chakraborty and Taposik Banerjee; individual chapters, the contributors. -
The inherent risk of climate change becoming a hindrance in a business supply chain
Purpose: A sophisticated network of interconnected supply chains serves as the central organising principle for most of the manufacturing serving the global economy. Right from computers and vehicles to life-saving pharmaceuticals and food is made possible by the supply web. The final goods part of a supply chain may include thousands of components from various global regions. These supply chains have been refined to achieve the highest speed and efficiency. Methodology: This study includes a sample of 127 firms that have been in business for at least 15 years and are familiar with business dynamics. The authors anticipate how climate risks, common in global supply networks, will evolve over the next several decades. This study examines the vulnerability of nine commercial value chains to climatic disasters. Also, it explores company and value chain vulnerabilities, financial losses, and adaptation or strategic methods to increase resilience. Findings: Companies must plan forward in terms of locations by retaining operational facilities while running new operations in less risky places. Without change, supply networks will become unstable and dangerous shortly. Using their climate objectives, businesses must decarbonise their supply chains. Businesses should connect with suppliers longer-term. The quality and dependability of a company's suppliers affect its success and safety. Future-focussed corporations are already engaging their suppliers on health, safety, and environmental issues. Significance: The typology may be helpful to executives as they make decisions about the strategic option(s) they wish to pick to address climate change. These decisions can also be influenced by the insights provided by the research about the present status of operations of other firms from different sectors all over the globe. 2023 by Chabi Gupta and Swati Bhatia. -
The inimitable five
RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE -
The Integrated Approach of ESG, SDGs, and Sustainable Finance
In recent years, sustainability has emerged as a popular buzzword. The practice of considering Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) factors when making investment decisions in the financial industry is known as sustainable finance and it results in longer-term investments in sustainable projects and economic activities. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also play a crucial role in the adoption of sustainable practices. Investing in companies and projects that use sustainable ESG practices is already becoming more popular and there is a rising need for finance experts with knowledge of this emerging but specialized area. Stakeholder demands and regulations with an environmental focus will increase pressure on organizations to set public climate-related goals. This study tries to find out the interrelationship between ESG, SDGs and Sustainable Finance. This study also explores popular sustainable finance products available to organizations and the challenges organizations face with sustainable financing. 2026 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
The Integration of HMS using IOMT and CE Through ANFIS
Advances in the IoMT-enabled cloud computing and interactive applications provide a basis for reconsidering the landscape for delivery of healthcare services. Even though the IoMT-cloud-based systems monitor patients remotely, it fails to take into account the sustainability of the healthcare systems. The paper presents the integrated framework of green healthcare under the umbrella of unique technology to enhance user interactivity. Our system is user-friendly, considering scalability and performance for both patients and doctors. Patients can send their health data to the doctor in real time with the help of the wearable sensor. We propose that in the presence of Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms and adaptive neuo-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for identification and analysis of the data, the applied solutions could enhance the healthcare experience interaction among all the stakeholders. 2024 IEEE. -
The integration of servicelearning andragogy for achieving learning outcomes and cultivating 21st century skills in the commerce domain
The educational landscape has rapidly transformed to address the growing complexities, uncertainties, and ambiguities in the world. Modern education requires teachers to impart knowledge and skills that empower students for life and societal contributions. Education systems have shifted from independent entities to integral components of larger ecosystems, as per the OECD Learning Compass 2030. Students are expected to acquire 21st-century skills, which include learning and innovation skills, life and career skills, and social and ICT skills. In commerce education, service learning is pivotal, allowing the practical application of theoretical knowledge. This engagement with both theory and practice enhances understanding. The proposed chapter outlines service-learning activities by commerce education institutions, reinforcing academic knowledge and community engagement. It advocates for adopting a service-learning andragogic approach, emphasizing the integration of theory and practice in commerce education. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare analytics: a transformative force
The healthcare landscape is undergoing a dynamic transformation driven by a confluence of factors. Patient expectations for personalized and accessible care are rising, fueled by rapid technological advancements and demographic shifts. To meet these demands, the healthcare sector is actively integrating emerging technologies such as big data analytics, electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring (RPM) - all contributing to a value-based care model. This paradigm shift prioritizes preventative care and patient-centered approaches, leveraging technological innovations to fundamentally alter how healthcare is delivered and experienced. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms empower doctors with early disease diagnosis and prompt decision-making, potentially preventing illnesses before their onset. However, a relatively new development with significant transformative potential is the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into healthcare analytics systems. The core concept of IoT in healthcare revolves around facilitating seamless data sharing, networking, and communication between various entities. This encompasses patients, medical devices, sensors, and healthcare professionals, creating a fully interconnected ecosystem. However, the true power of IoT lies in its data generation. This data fuels sophisticated analytics systems that utilize ML algorithms, predictive modeling, and data visualization techniques to uncover hidden patterns and relationships within the vast information pool. These analytical methods empower healthcare professionals with early detection of abnormalities, accurate diagnoses, and robust disease monitoring capabilities. The resulting connectivity fostered by IoT translates into numerous benefits for the healthcare industry- increased operational efficiency, improved patient care, and advancements in medical research. This convergence of technologies is redefining how healthcare data is collected, exchanged, and analyzed, ultimately providing crucial insights to support clinical decision-making and evidence-based guidance for healthcare practitioners. This chapter delves into the multifaceted integration of IoT into healthcare analytics systems, highlighting its transformative potential for patient outcomes, data-driven decision-making, and healthcare delivery itself. We explore the diverse applications of IoT technology in healthcare analytics, encompassing population health management, remote diagnostics, real-time patient monitoring, and clinical research. Furthermore, we investigate the role of IoT gadgets such as wearables, sensors, and smart medical instruments in data collection. These devices capture a comprehensive picture of a patient's health through information on behavior, environmental factors, and physiological parameters, providing healthcare professionals with a holistic and continuous view. Additionally, the chapter addresses critical challenges associated with IoT integration, including data interoperability, security, and scalability. We examine how technologies like edge computing, blockchain, and cloud computing play a vital role in safeguarding patient privacy and ensuring data integrity. The Institution of Engineering and Technology and its licensors 2026. -
The Intellectual Structure of Application of Artificial Intelligence in Forecasting Methods: A Literature Review using Bibliometric Thematic Analysis
Crude oil is a valuable asset class which forms the nucleus of the energy core of the transport sector for any country. According to report [1], crude oil helps in meeting 93% of energy needs for the transportation sector globally. It has been projected across various forums that crude oil along with coal and natural gas is going to satisfy world energy needs for the forthcoming years. Consequently, it has been observed that fluctuations in crude oil prices tilt the economies of scale across the world. 2024 Sachi Nandan Mohanty, Preethi Nanjundan and Tejaswini Kar. -
The Interaction Jigsaw: investigating star formation in interacting galaxies
Interaction between galaxies plays a pivotal role in their evolution. Ongoing star formation in spiral galaxies can be affected by these processes. Interacting galaxy pairs provide an opportunity to study these effects. We select a sample of interacting galaxies in field environments at various interaction stages and are nearly face-on and chose galaxy pairs NGC 2207/IC 2163, NGC 4017/4016 (ARP 305), and NGC 7753/7752 (ARP 86). We use the UltraViolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard AstroSat to characterize the star-forming regions in the galaxy with a superior resolution of ? 1.4 arcsec. We identified and characterized star-forming regions in the UVIT images of the sample and correlated them with the neutral hydrogen (H I) distribution. We detected localized regions of enhancement in star formation surface density (?SFR) and distortions in the sample of galaxies. We found this consistent with the distribution of H I in the galaxy. These are possible evidence of past and ongoing interactions affecting the star formation properties in the galaxies. We then conducted a study to understand whether the observed enhancements hold true for a wider sample of interacting galaxies. We observe a moderate enhancement in the star formation rate (SFR) with the interaction class, with a maximum of 1.8 being in the merger class of galaxies. We studied the SFR enhancement for the main galaxies in our sample as a function of pair mass ratio and pair separation. We observe a strong anticorrelation between the SFR enhancement and pair mass ratio and no linear correlation between the enhancement and pair separation. This suggests that the enhancement in interaction-induced star formation may be more strongly influenced by the pair mass ratios, rather than the pair separation. We also infer that the pair separation can possibly act as a limiting parameter for the SFR enhancement. 2024 The Author(s). -
The Interaction of Generative Artificial Intelligence with Computational Intelligence on the Knowledge Economy: A Text Mining Approach
The study presents the first large-scale bibliometric evaluation on how the generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and computational intelligence will impact the knowledge economy research during the year 2015 to 2025. Based on 228 articles indexed in Scopus, the study incorporated the use of the trend of keywords, multiple correspondence analysis and citation network visualization to determine the central thematic clusters and their trends in development. The findings revealed a notable growth of publications since 2020 due to the development of language-centered technologies such as large language models (LLMs), natural language processing (NLP) and generative adversarial networks (GANs), which have become the center of the intellectual cluster. Despite the diversity of research issues, only an estimated 9% of studies explicitly evaluate the role of GenAI in determining the consequences of the macroeconomic knowledge economy, which leaves a significant disparity between the pace of technological development and the overall effects of technology on the economy. This study provides a scholarly, practical oriented recommendation to use the power of GenAI to accelerate digital transformation and ensure equitable economic and social benefits. 2025 IEEE. -
The intermix of social media in propelling the social change /
Indian Journal Of Applied Research, Vol.4, Issue 7, pp.540-541, ISSN No: 2249-555X. -
The International Capital Flows and Domestic Savingsdomestic Investment Nexus: A Comparative Evidence Between Heterogeneous Developing Regions
Drawing inspiration from Feldstein and Horiokas (1980) (FH) puzzle, our study elucidates the impact of remittances and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on domestic savings and investment in two disparate yet globalized developing regions: Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia. Utilizing an extensive dataset spanning from 1984 to 2021 and employing diverse methodologies, including Dynamic System generalized method of moment, DriscollKraay standard error, fully modified ordinary least squares, and dynamic ordinary least squares, our findings reveal that remittances exert a positive influence on both domestic investment and savings across both regions. However, South Asia predominantly directs remittance inflows towards investment, while Latin America and the Caribbean exhibit a propensity towards saving these funds. As for FDI, the primary developing region predominantly channels these funds into investment, whereas the lower region prioritizes savings. The impact of control variables manifests varied effects across both regions. Ultimately, our study underscores the pivotal role of foreign remittances in supporting investment and savings, underscoring the profound influence of economic growth on these dynamics. This accentuates the imperative for governments to proactively allocate financial resources to optimize economic growth and fortify financial frameworks. Moreover, focused strategies are indispensable for adeptly managing foreign inflows while navigating external shocks such as international repayments, external debt, and aid. Additionally, enhancements in monetary and fiscal policies are imperative to sustain competitive interest rates and foster stable macroeconomic conditions, thereby fostering conducive environments for both public and private domestic savings. JEL Classification: F24; F3; P33; C23; O18 2024 The Author(s). -
The Internet of Things (IoT): A Cripple to Data Privacy and Security
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has paved the way for the intersection of technological advancements and innovation. Its widespread utility and convenience has had an overwhelming impact the world over. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one such advancement. It is an Internet-enabled system of physical sensory objects that have the ability to identify, share and analyse data. The goal of such advancement is to positively impact the quality of human life and to ease its everyday functioning. IoT functions on data, which can be general, personal and sensitive data. Law enforces and assures protection of personal data under the banner of privacy, known to be the right to data protection. It is recognized as an internationally accepted human right and, to nation-states, a fundamental right. The overall aim of such provisions in internationally recognised documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948), the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (2000) and domestic laws like the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) are to protect users and their data in light of the dynamic world of technology and innovation. IoT is user-friendly, enabling and convenient, but comes with its own set of challenges that cripples the fundamental and human right of data privacy and security. The current legislations on privacy hold data protection in highest reverence, assuring the user of absolute control. Though captivating in its definition of protection, in reality it falls short due to inefficiency in enforcement and application. The chapter offers a summary of the idea of data being ones own property and the crucial intervention of users data in the functioning of IoT. Highlighting the eagerness of embracing technological advancements, the chapter draws attention to the challenges of the IoT through the lens of data privacy and security. It traces its importance by using various case studies that reveal the loosely drafted, or rather incomprehensible, regulations of nation-states in protecting the right of privacy of users. The chapter concludes by considering a few ways of effective enforcement to keep intact the sanctity of the right to data privacy and security. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. -
The Interplay Between Artificial Intelligence and Operations Management
Artificial intelligence incorporated into machines utilizes capacities to work and replaces people. Knowledge is the method of assembling empowered machines that can mirror human tasks as unique. With digitalization, organizations are remodifying their enterprises and making new business possibilities. Because of AI innovation, organizations change their dynamic cycles and systems and everyday tasks to accomplish the upper hand. An impressive development in the utilization of AI for activities, the board, is fully intent on observing answers for issues that are expanding in intricacy and scale. With the turn of growth and advancement of data innovation, competitiveness has become increasingly more in-depth worldwide. The AI has its own explanations behind examining and settling the sorts of issues that prompted a critical measure of exploration along with the conventional operational research discipline. Many organizations have estimated the fate of operations management. This paper lines with a descriptive research study highlighting the importance of process operations. This paper gives insights about AI technology into operations management and suggests selecting process technology and deploying AI into operations management. 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved. -
The intersection of academics and career readiness
This chapter emphasizes the significant correlation between vocation readiness and academic achievement, highlighting the thoughtful consequences for students' triumphs. This highlights the significance of effectively integrating theoretical knowledge with hands-on vocational training, cultivating aptitudes for analysis, resolution of challenges, and flexibility. Case studies that have achieved success serve as illustrations of successful integration, highlighting the cooperative nature of academic departments and career services. Exploration of early career options, practical experience, and transferable skills are crucial components. Collaborative platforms, curricular redesign, and technology integration are all reasonable solutions. Notwithstanding the obstacles encountered, educators are motivated to maintain their commitment to this incorporation as a top priority, guaranteeing that students are adequately equipped to confront the workforce's ever-changing demands and facilitate a smooth transition into the professional realm. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
The intersection of artificial intelligence and consultancy services: Assessing adoption, ethical implications, and overcoming challenges
The integration of AI has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping how organizations operate. This research paper explores the multifaceted aspects of AI integration in consultancy, delving into the implications, ethical considerations, opportunities, and challenges it presents. Further, the study highlights the interrelations between AI adoptions, its impact on the quality and efficiency of services provided, and ethical concerns related to its implementation. A descriptive research study was conducted among 140 respondents from consultancy firms, freelancers, and AI experts. The data was analyzed using correlation and regression. The study results showed a robust advantageous correlation between factors influencing AI adoption and the excellent performance of consultancy services. This underscores the need for consultancy firms to prioritize and invest in projects that sell AI adoption to deliver advanced services to clients and underscores the transformative potential of AI integration in consultancy, with significant implications for organizational practices. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The intersection of industrial policy and environmental regulation: Balancing growth and green goals
The interplay between industrial policy and environmental regulation is pivotal in achieving sustainable economic growth. While industrial policies promote economic expansion, job creation, and technological advancement, stringent environmental regulations ensure ecological preservation and climate resilience. However, conflicts often arise when growth-driven policies prioritize industrial expansion at the expense of environmental sustainability. This study explores the challenges and synergies at the intersection of industrial policy and environmental regulation, emphasizing strategies for harmonizing economic objectives with green goals. Through a comparative analysis of policy frameworks, regulatory mechanisms, and industry best practices, the research identifies pathways for fostering sustainable industrial development. The study highlights the role of innovation, public-private partnerships, and adaptive regulatory frameworks in aligning industrial expansion with environmental responsibility. 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
The intersection of law and wildlife management: A case study on culling of wild boars in Kerala
The inconvenient truth of wildlife co-existence lies in the circumstantial need of species to capitulate to each others will, but how far are we willing to go? Over the decades, the conservative view of eco-centric legislation has legally blanketed the scheduled species from the human acts of hunting, culling, assaulting, and the like. However, as the human population increases, this protected animal population, particularly those undomesticated ones in predator-less areas of the wild, increases exponentially beyond the land-carrying capacity of their habitats. Thus, the soundness of wildlife co-existence has been profoundly disrupted by wild boars (sus scrofa) through incessant encroachments, agricultural and economic damage, human fatalities, etc. Therefore, in light of the concurrent call for the declaration of vermin status of wild boars under the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972, the paper aims to ascertain the legal and scientific efficacy of culling wild boars in comparison to the preventive strategies used over the years. This is achievable through a jurisprudential and scientific justification facilitated by the theories of anthropocentrism, eco-centrism, utilitarianism, and categorical imperativeness, alongside the capabilities approach. The research methodology entails a doctrinal approach wherein it contains participative observation, statistics, eco-legal analysis, numerical data, etc. Additionally, in the absence of current data on the wild boar population, an exploratory method has been employed in the study area to form a statistical estimation by speculating the reproductive pattern of wild boars. This evidence depicts the preponderance of understanding the interrelation of multiple disciplines by objectifying the currently understudied damage control methods. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU) 2025. -
The Intersectionality of Social Exclusion and International Comparison: Rethinking the Methodological Nuances
This chapter foregrounds the methodological considerations involved in a cross-national comparison of qualitative data on social exclusion and marginalization. Drawing on the possibilities of intersectional multilevel analysis in Indian and Swiss contexts, the chapter further discusses the nuances of juxtaposing these data. It follows attempts by a Swiss-Indian research team to study how marginalization involves multiple intersectionalities that operate simultaneously. It aims to capture the experiences of migrant workers in India and people without legal residency status in Switzerland during the COVID-19 lockdown, placing them against the cultural histories, social structures, and state interventions. Using intersectionality, the study explores how structures of exclusion operate at multiple levels of subjectivity and, through epistemic violence, naturalize social inequalities. The project attempts to identify how they are still being rendered invisible and their miseries normalized, invoking the impression that it is perpetual. Cross-border research becomes significant in the context of internationalization and globalization, and the chapter discusses the issues and the promises of such a comparison. Beyond the cultural boundaries and differences and the conceptual-methodological incongruities, we argue that the comparison can illuminate how power relations operate at multiple levels in different contexts, reproducing and normalizing discriminatory mechanisms. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024, corrected publication 2024.