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The Changing Trends in International Education in India: A review
The demand for international exposure and education is skyrocketing in India, mainly due to demographic changes, growth in IT, media exposure, broadening of career prospects, global opportunities, cultural exposure, adaptability, and the need for problem-solving skills in multicultural, global industries. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) are also responsible for providing an opportunity to equip students to be successful in complex, global work settings through integrating international perspectives in education. The paper aims to study and understand the trends among the inbound and outbound students in Indian HEIs in the past few decades. The pandemic has affected both kinds. Above all, the new National Education Policy (NEP 2020) focuses on the attainment of global standards for Indian HEIs and attempts to attract more inbound international students to Indian HEIs. The chapter explores the internationalisation trends India has experienced and will also share the prospective trends in higher education's internationalisation in India based on the new National Education Policy 2020. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Kennedy Andrew Thomas, Joseph Chacko Chennattuserry and Joseph Varghese Kureethara; individual chapters, the contributors. -
StructureProperty Relationships Governing Rheological, Damping, and Thermal Behaviour of Immiscible Natural Rubber/Nitrile Rubber Blend Nanocomposites
Polymer nanocomposites have been attracting significant interest over the last three decades. One of the most intriguing applications is related to the preparation of clay-filled nanocomposites based on rubber blend matrices. Although several studies already exist on the subject, there is limited information available regarding their rheological, thermal, and, particularly, damping behaviour of rubber blend systems. In this work, the rheological, viscoelastic, and thermal behaviour of a natural rubber/nitrile rubber (NR/NBR) blend nanocomposite containing organically modified nanoclay was systematically investigated, and the damping characteristics were also assessed. At a lower nanoclay concentration (5 phr), network formation through fillerfiller and fillerpolymer interactions led to partial immobilization of polymer chains, resulting in a pronounced increase in viscosity and enhanced viscoelastic response. In contrast, at higher nanoclay loading (10 phr), strong agglomeration of filler particles occurred, corresponding to a stacked clay morphology, which hindered effective fillerfiller network formation and weakened fillerpolymer interactions, leading to lower viscosity and reduced damping efficiency. The blend composition and filler content were found to significantly influence the investigated properties, especially the hysteresis loss and the thermal conductivity, which is explained by matrixfiller interactions and the resulting morphology of the system. 2026 by the authors. -
Key factors shaping personalised employee experience for the Generation Z workforce
Purpose: The workplace has evolved to meet growth and sustainability requirements due to the changing landscape of work scenarios. Soon, Generation Z will be the largest share of the workforce globally as the digital era predominantly shapes Generation Zs behaviour; previous research shows that the corporate work culture has been bound to tailor policies to recruit, retain and motivate them. Thus, this paper aims to absorb the essence of the personalisation of employee experience for Generation Z. Design/methodology/approach: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the factors Generation Z consider important for a better workspace culture with reference to personalisation. Hence, factor analysis was employed as an exploratory method using data from 235 respondents based in South Bangalore a diverse region known as the Silicon Hub, attracting employees from across India. Findings: The study identifies three primary factors that are crucial for personalising the employee work experience: Employee Empowerment, Work Flexibility and Artificial Intelligence Integration, which helps employers understand the need for Generation Z workplace requirements. Research limitations/implications: The study indicates that employers should find ways to improve retention strategies by the concept of personalisation towards Generation Z's distinct workplace preferences. Practical implications: Employers should find ways to improve retention strategies by personalisation confined towards GenZers and involving other generations, making the workplace more flexible and pleasant for exhibiting skills and upscaling the employees career. Originality/value: This study delves into the factors influencing Generation Zs point of view on the personalisation of employee experience provided to them in their respective workplace. 2025, Emerald Publishing Limited. -
Enterpreneurial orientation and the management grid: A roadmap for the enterpreneurial journey /
Asian Journal Of Management, Vol.7, Issue 4, ISSN: 0976-495X (Print), 2321-5763 (Online). -
Spectrotemporal Evolution in XTE J1701-462 during Its 2022 Outburst as Revealed by NICER
We present a comprehensive spectrotemporal study of the 2022 outburst of the transient neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (NS-LMXBs) XTE J1701?462 using 57 NICER observational epochs (E1?E57). The 0.8?10 keV lightcurve exhibits a FRED-like profile with multiple rebrightenings and intensity dips, indicating a nonmonotonic evolution of the accretion flow. Broadband spectral modeling with an absorbed Comptonized disk-blackbody model reveals a coherent evolution of spectral parameters consistent with changes in the disk?corona geometry driven by a varying mass accretion rate. The ??Fbol diagram shows distinct clustering, enabling the identification of six accretion states: LHS-1, IMS-1, HSS, IMS-2, LHS-2, and QS. These states trace the expected cycle of disk truncation, inward propagation, and recession, with notable deviations such as sustained coronal heating in IMS-1 and the HSS, likely caused by changes in coronal geometry or the limited bandpass of NICER. State-resolved hardnessintensity diagrams reveal that XTE J1701?462 exhibits a hybrid phenomenology: island and banana branches characteristic of atoll-state early in the outburst, followed by well-defined horizontal and normal branches during IMS-1 and the HSS. As the source decays through IMS-2 and LHS-2, the HID returns to isolated clumps with increasing hardness before entering quiescence. We detected a quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) at ?27 Hz with a quality factor Q ? 3.4 during epochs E30 and E31. A Crab-based cross-calibration between NICER and NuSTAR shows that XTE J1701?462 reached a peak accretion rate of ?1.21 (Formula presented) ?Edd, suggesting near- or super-Eddington luminosities consistent with its 2006 outburst. 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. -
Comprehensive spectro-temporal studies of GX 17+2 using AstroSat observations
We performed a comprehensive spectro-temporal study of the Z-type neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 17+2 using long term data from the AstroSat/Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) and Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter (LAXPC). The hardnessintensity diagrams (HIDs) of the source revealed a positive correlation between the hardness and intensity, characteristic of soft spectral state. Additionally, the LAXPC-20 HID showed the presence of secular shifts in both hardness and intensity. Time-averaged spectral modelling in the 0.7 ? 30.0 keV energy range indicated that the spectra could be well fitted with the model combination: constant edge edge tbabs thcomp bbodyrad. This analysis yielded a blackbody radius (Rbb) of ?59 km, photon index (?) of ?2.84 and electron temperature (kTe) of ?4.84 keV. Time-averaged temporal analysis revealed normal branch oscillations (NBOs) at ? 7 Hz in Observations 1 and 3, flaring branch oscillation (FBO) at ?15 Hz in Observation 2, and horizontal branch oscillation (HBO) at ?36 Hz in Observation 5. Flux resolved spectro-temporal analysis indicated that the source remained in the soft spectral state throughout all observations. A positive correlation was observed between kTbb, Fbb and Fbol, whereas an anti-correlation was noted between kTe and Fbol. The constant frequency of NBOs with an increase in Fbol suggests that their origin lies in a region strongly influenced by the corona, as explained by the radiation-hydrodynamic model. The origin of FBOs may be attributed to the damped radiation-hydrodynamic mode of radial flow, while the origin of HBOs is supported by the beat-frequency model. 2024 Elsevier B.V. -
Engineered core-shell nanocomposite fibres incorporating bio-ceramics and bioactive molecules for wound repair
Skin plays a major role in protecting the body from external injuries and contaminants. Despite the self-healing mechanisms of the body, wound healing has several limitations, such as being time-consuming, leading to scar formation, and susceptibility to infections. In this study, a novel coreshell nanofibre membrane was designed to protect wounds and prevent secondary trauma, thereby enhancing the wound healing process. A coreshell nanofibre membrane was prepared using polycaprolactone (PCL) as the core polymer loaded with astaxanthin (ASTX) and bioglass (BG), while the shell was made from polylactic acid (PLA) containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) to support faster wound healing. The surface structure, morphology, and hydrophilicity of the fibres were extensively characterised. The analysis revealed uniform, well-organised, interconnected coreshell nanocomposite fibres ideal for cell adhesion and growth. In vitro studies have demonstrated enhanced cell viability and wound closure in mouse L929 fibroblast cells. Immune response studies on test membranes loaded with ASTX, BG, and nHA revealed strong anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo studies indicated favourable cellular responses and superior wound healing potential of membranes incorporated with ASTX, BG and a higher concentration of nHA. These findings highlight the potential of coreshell nanofibre membranes as an innovative wound dressing for full-thickness skin injuries, showing significant promise for biomedical applications, especially in wound healing treatments. 2025 -
Fluorescence bioimaging applications of europium-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles
Fluorescence bioimaging is widely used for physiological studies to visualise intercellular molecular events due to its highly selective, sensitive, and non-destructive nature. However, its application in in vivo live imaging is often limited by the scarcity of biocompatible fluorescent probes possessing optimal properties. Our study focuses on developing europium-based nanoparticles for in vivo bioimaging, especially imaging of plants. Eu-doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles were synthesised through a conventional solid-state reaction. Structural characterisation of samples using XRD confirmed the prevalence of SrAl2O4 as the prominent phase. The FTIR spectrum, SEM and TEM images were recorded for further characterization. Photoluminescence studies showed orange red emission of sample. The antibacterial activity of the nanophosphors was studied, demonstrating no antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity studies conducted using Neuro-2A cells showed no indications of cytotoxicity associated with europium doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles. When incorporated into the plant tissue culture medium, these nanoparticles were found to have no effect on seed germination and plant growth, and it demonstrated no phytotoxicity. Imaging studies have shown the uptake of nanoparticles by plants and their subsequent transport through the vascular system. Our results emphasise the direct integration of nanophosphors into plant tissues from the growth medium, eliminating the necessity for traditional staining methods in fluorescence bioimaging. Incorporation of nanophosphors into living organisms holds promise for non-invasive and long-term fluorescence imaging, with potential applications in biological studies and diagnostics. The outstanding fluorescence properties and biocompatibility of europium doped strontium aluminate nanoparticles broaden its potential for various applications in fluorescence bioimaging. 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. -
Twin Benefits: A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin in Crypto Mining Optimization
The economic downturns at the beginning of the twenty-first century were marked by peoples distrust of financial institutions. Leveraging the demand for a decentralized financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin, based on blockchain technology. The growth of Bitcoin attracted attention to the Bitcoin mining farms and their substantial energy consumption. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, the annualized energy consumption of Bitcoin reached 145.55 TWh (terawatt hours). Bitcoin ranks 27th in global electricity consumption and 67th in global greenhouse gas emission. The production and disposal of mining hardware is also a significant environmental issue. Crypto mining is an area that is constantly striving to achieve energy optimization. Currently, the main focus for energy efficiency optimization is hardware upgradation, resorting to renewable energy, or adopting overclocking. However, these solutions often focus on the individual aspects of the problem. Farms should have a system to leverage real-time data and analytics to make data-driven decisions for optimization. Digital Twin (DT) has the ability to address these limitations and provide a data-driven approach to energy optimization in crypto mining farms. The article discusses the scope of DT implementation in crypto mining, the benefits and impact of DT implementation, the challenges and considerations with DT implementation, various computational models that can be applied for DT implementation, and the policies and regulations to encourage DT adoption in mining farms. The article delves into the potential of computational modeling approaches like Digital Twin to optimize energy consumption and promote sustainability in the blockchain landscape. The article can also initiate further discussions on how financial technology and environmental responsibility can go hand-in-hand. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Twin Benefits: A Study on the Implementation of Digital Twin in Crypto Mining Optimization
The economic downturns at the beginning of the twenty-first century were marked by peoples distrust of financial institutions. Leveraging the demand for a decentralized financial system, Satoshi Nakamoto introduced the concept of Bitcoin, based on blockchain technology. The growth of Bitcoin attracted attention to the Bitcoin mining farms and their substantial energy consumption. According to the Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index, the annualized energy consumption of Bitcoin reached 145.55 TWh (terawatt hours). Bitcoin ranks 27th in global electricity consumption and 67th in global greenhouse gas emission. The production and disposal of mining hardware is also a significant environmental issue. Crypto mining is an area that is constantly striving to achieve energy optimization. Currently, the main focus for energy efficiency optimization is hardware upgradation, resorting to renewable energy, or adopting overclocking. However, these solutions often focus on the individual aspects of the problem. Farms should have a system to leverage real-time data and analytics to make data-driven decisions for optimization. Digital Twin (DT) has the ability to address these limitations and provide a data-driven approach to energy optimization in crypto mining farms. The article discusses the scope of DT implementation in crypto mining, the benefits and impact of DT implementation, the challenges and considerations with DT implementation, various computational models that can be applied for DT implementation, and the policies and regulations to encourage DT adoption in mining farms. The article delves into the potential of computational modeling approaches like Digital Twin to optimize energy consumption and promote sustainability in the blockchain landscape. The article can also initiate further discussions on how financial technology and environmental responsibility can go hand-in-hand. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025. -
Beyond Hype: Understanding Cryptocurrencies Through Its History
The study delves into the evolution of cryptocurrencies, tracing their journey from theoretical concepts to a globally recognized asset class. From the foundational ideas of early digital cash system to the groundbreaking emergence of Bitcoin, the study examines the key milestones that shaped the crypto landscape. The subsequent rise and fall in the crypto market, characterized by periods of exuberance and volatility, are analyzed to understand the underlying factors driving these dynamics. The study further explores the evolving regulatory landscape, highlighting the challenges and opportunities posed by the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies. By examining the interplay between innovation, market volatility, and regulatory response, this study provide insights into the intellectual lineage, challenges, and context that shaped the crypto market development and the potential trajectory of cryptocurrencies in the future. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Beyond Hype: Understanding Cryptocurrencies Through Its History
The study delves into the evolution of cryptocurrencies, tracing their journey from theoretical concepts to a globally recognized asset class. From the foundational ideas of early digital cash system to the groundbreaking emergence of Bitcoin, the study examines the key milestones that shaped the crypto landscape. The subsequent rise and fall in the crypto market, characterized by periods of exuberance and volatility, are analyzed to understand the underlying factors driving these dynamics. The study further explores the evolving regulatory landscape, highlighting the challenges and opportunities posed by the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies. By examining the interplay between innovation, market volatility, and regulatory response, this study provide insights into the intellectual lineage, challenges, and context that shaped the crypto market development and the potential trajectory of cryptocurrencies in the future. 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved. -
Nanotechnology For Medicine: From Fundamentals to Applications
Nanotechnology for Medicine is a multi-contributed book for the most recent and comprehensive information on the foundations and applications of nanotechnology in medicine. With the contribution of experts from across the globe, this edited book covers all the major areas of nanotechnology within the area of medicine. It surveys the principles, analysis, characterization, applications, and technology of nanomedicine for cancer treatment, antimicrobials, antibiotics, microbials, dentistry, gene therapy, biological therapies, ocular diseases, diagnostics, targeting of tumor cells, herbal sources, drug delivery, and biomedical and food and nutrition applications. The book also offers methodological considerations for toxicity, safety, and risk assessment. This book is a useful reference for nanotechnologists, nanoscientists, medical scientists, research fellows, graduates, and university libraries. 2026 selection and editorial matter, Sabu Thomas and Yarub Al-Douri. All rights reserved. -
Membrane Technology for Water Purification
Anu K. Biju, Ashna Viswambharan, ... Sabu Thomas 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.. -
Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites
Raman Spectroscopy Applied to Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites summarizes, in a comprehensive manner, recent research accomplishments in this important area. The book offers an in-depth study of the current state-of-the-art, covering the fundamentals and recent experimental developments. Almost all the characterization techniques coupled in situ with Raman spectroscopy are discussed in detail. The book also covers various aspects of polymer applications, as well as related topics in polymer composites and nanocomposites. Filled polymers, reinforced plastics, thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, and rubbers are also discussed. The book is designed to address all aspects of Raman spectroscopy with respect to polymers and measurements, along with experimental conditions. It contains numerous case study examples to illustrate how Raman spectroscopy coupled in situ with more classical techniques can be useful to enhance material performance. 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. -
A High-Capacity Reversible Data Hiding on Grayscale Images Using Threshold-Based Clustering
In the digital age, safeguarding confidential information from unauthorized access is critical. Data transmission occurs in various formats, including text, images, and videos, and while advancements have enhanced the efficiency and convenience of these processes, vulnerabilities in communication channels remain a concern. The proposed scheme secures communication by hiding secret data within a carrier image, visually making it undetectable to potential attackers. Steganography is challenging when transmitting huge quantities of secret data because there is a negotiation between data capacity and imperceptibility. The mastered framework uses grayscale images as a medium for the conveyance of high-capacity secret data. First, the threshold value is computed from the histogram and the statistical mode value. The threshold calculated in the initial step will be a crucial data embedding parameter in the proposed scheme. Then the carrier image is interpolated to increase its size to double. The expanded image is then segmented into 2X2 blocks, the block undergoes a segmentation function to decide whether the block value is above the threshold or below the threshold. Finally, the secret data is embedded into the pixel block based on the threshold value of the block. The secret data and the input image are extracted separately on the receiving end. Standard metrics, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structure Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The values above 42 and 36 obtained for PSNR for low payload and high payload show the effectiveness of the mastered scheme. Statistical measures, such as mean, standard deviation, and entropy, are used to validate the efficiency of the scheme in ensuring data integrity and security during transmission. 2025 IEEE. -
A novel image compression method using wavelet coefficients and Huffman coding
Compressing medical images to reduce their size while maintaining their clinical and diagnostic information is crucial. Because medical images can be large and demand a lot of storage and transmission capacity, effective compression methods aid medical institutions in better storing and transmitting medical images, reducing costs, speeding up data transfer, and simplifying managing image databases. However, it is essential to note that image compression in medical imaging can also introduce drawbacks, such as loss of information and poor output image quality. Therefore, a suitable compression algorithm and parameter must be chosen to balance file size and visual fidelity. This paper suggests an effective image compression method employing the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), followed by a reduction operation and Huffman coding to produce a mere lossless encoding to transmit the images over a channel. The extracted DWT coefficients are mapped to the nearest integral value. All four sub-bands of DWT are joined, and then a window of 3 3 is selected for reduction operation by choosing the origin as the pivot element. The Huffman coding algorithm is used to compress the processed image. The pivot origin element is used in the reversible reduction while uncompressing the image. When sending compressed data across an unreliable route, the window size and pivot element selection keep the compressed data secure. Standard measures such as bits per pixel (BPP) and compression ratio (CR) are used to assess the suggested approach. The efficiency of the suggested course of action is supported by the research's findings, which use a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 54.66 dB. 2023 The Authors