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Wireless Network Security Using Load Balanced Mobile Sink Technique
Real-time applications based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies are quickly increasing due to intelligent surroundings. Among the most significant resources in the WSN are battery power and security. Clustering stra-tegies improve the power factor and secure the WSN environment. It takes more electricity to forward data in a WSN. Though numerous clustering methods have been developed to provide energy consumption, there is indeed a risk of unequal load balancing, resulting in a decrease in the networks lifetime due to network inequalities and less security. These possibilities arise due to the cluster heads limited life span. These cluster heads (CH) are in charge of all activities and control intra-cluster and inter-cluster interactions. The proposed method uses Lifetime centric load balancing mechanisms (LCLBM) and Cluster-based energy optimization using a mobile sink algorithm (CEOMS). LCLBM emphasizes the selection of CH, system architectures, and optimal distribution of CH. In addition, the LCLBM was added with an assistant cluster head (ACH) for load balancing. Power consumption, communications latency, the frequency of failing nodes, high security, and one-way delay are essential variables to consider while evaluating LCLBM. CEOMS will choose a cluster leader based on the influence of the fol-lowing parameters on the energy balance of WSNs. According to simulated find-ings, the suggested LCLBM-CEOMS method increases cluster head selection self-adaptability, improves the networks lifetime, decreases data latency, and bal-ances network capacity. 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved. -
Wireless Sensor Data Acquisition and Control Monitoring Model for Internet of Things Applications
This article focuses on providing solutions for one important application termed as agriculture. In India, one major occupation for people living in urban and rural areas is agriculture where an economic rate depends only on the crops they yield. In such cases, if an intelligent monitoring device is not integrated then it becomes difficult for the farmers to grow their crops and to accomplish marginal income from what they have invested. Also existing methods have been analyzed in the same field where some devices have been installed and checked for increasing the productivity of horticulture crops. But existing methods fail to install an intelligent monitoring device that can provide periodic results within short span of time. Therefore, a sensor based technology with Internet of Things (IoT) has been implemented in the projected work for monitoring major parameters that support the growth and income of farmers. Also, an optimization algorithm for identifying the loss in different crops has been incorporated for maximizing the system boundary and to transmit data to farmers located in different areas. To prove the cogency of proposed method some existing methods have been compared and the results prove the projected technique produces improved results for about 58%. 2022 SulaimaLebbe Abdul Haleem et al. -
Wireless Sensor Networks in Precision Monitoring of Crops
The sensor-based breadboard is rapidly covering almost every application from human health monitoring to prediction of diseases in accordance with the weather change. This paper presents a sensor based precision crop monitoring system for agriculture application and estimates the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. This high accuracy energy efficient system drastically reduces the damages to the crops and investment made to it. The main focus of the proposed research work is to reduce the energy consumption and minimize the traffic between the nodes of the sensor during the transmission of sensor information. The qualitative metrics has been carried to evaluate the performance of the proposed system which outperform the existing scenario. 2022 IEEE. -
Wireless Soil Health Beacons: An Intelligent Sensor-Based System for Real-Time Monitoring in Precision Agriculture
Precision agriculture is a modern technology that focuses on the crop by meeting the specific needs of the field. This research presents the Wireless Soil Health Beacons design that can be used in precision agriculture to enhance the production and real-time monitoring of the soil and field parameters. The proposed system integrates bio and physical sensors into an IoTenabled Wireless Soil Health Beacons (WSHB) to provide detailed and real-time soil health parameters. The beacons are compact and are powered by solar, which is weather-resistant and interconnected via wireless nodes. A set of beacons will be implanted to capture biological and environmental data. The biosensor module detects key soil microbiological parameters such as nitrogen-fixing microbial activity, soil pathogen presence, and general microbial population shifts indicative of soil fertility and disease conditions. The physical sensor module continuously measures soil moisture levels, temperature, and salinity. The data is passed from the nodes to a processing module, which collects and analyses the critical parameters directly related to plant growth, water management, and fertiliser optimisation. A mobile interface assists the farmers and stakeholders with the required information, such as field maps, real-time soil health indicators, and critical alerts related to drought, salinity stress, or pathogen hotspots. The proposed system forms as a multidimensional soil profiling tool capable of supporting precision agriculture. Most existing soil monitoring systems rely on environmental parameters, while the proposed system allows the continuous tracking of ecological and microbial dynamics in the area. The mesh network architecture helps the system to be redundant and enhances the outcomes. The proposed system helps with sustainable agriculture and improves the yields with minimal environmental degradation, enabling an adaptive and precise farm management system. 2025 by the authors. -
Wireless Technology for Providing Safety in Vanets
Both the safety and efficiency of our present transportation systems might benefit greatly from the implementation of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). In this book chapter, the author investigates the significance of wireless technology in improving VANET security. Before discussing the numerous wireless technologies that form the backbone of VANET security, this chapter digs into VANET architecture and communication paradigms. These can be anything from tried-and-true standards like IEEE 802.11p (WAVE) to forward-thinking concepts like 5G cellular networks ability to link vehicles to other objects. Collision avoidance, cooperative adaptive cruise control, junction collision alarms, and pedestrian safety are just some of the real-world applications of V2V communication that have been shown. The importance of security mechanisms, such as authentication, encryption, and data integrity, is discussed at length in this chapter. The narrative also delves into the fascinating intersections of VANETs with autonomous cars and AI, all while tackling issues like spectrum allocation, scalability, and privacy concerns. Case studies shed light on the concrete effects of VANET safety installations, showing how they may reduce accident rates and ease traffic congestion. This last chapter summarizes the potential of wireless technologies to usher in an era of enhanced road safety via the medium of VANETs, distills important insights, and calls for greater advances. 2024 CRC Press. -
Within-School Socioeconomic Disparities in Academic Achievement: A Qualitative Case Study of Study-Regulation Supports among Indian Secondary Students
Objective: This study explored how socioeconomic contexts shape students study strategies and how these differences relate to academic achievement within the same school setting. Methods and Materials: A single-site qualitative case study was conducted in a private, unaided English-medium CBSE school in Bengaluru, India, enrolling students from diverse socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Thirty students in Grades 89 (aged 1315) were selected through purposive sampling, representing all achievement levels and residence types (day scholars and residential/hostel students). SES classification was informed by parental education/occupation and the Modified Kuppuswamy Scale (2019). Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews, audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed iteratively using line-by-line and focused coding guided by Charmazs grounded theory approach, leading to theme development. Findings: Three themes explained within-school achievement disparities: (1) parental engagement and access to cultural/social capital varied by SES, shaping monitoring, subject support, and study regulation at home; (2) hostel routines and mentoring provided compensatory structures resembling middle-class concerted cultivation, supporting academic regulation for some low-SES residential students; and (3) for low-SES day scholars, teachers and remedial support served as the primary learning resource, often framed in skill-deficit terms rather than culturally responsive pedagogy. Conclusion: Equal access to school resources does not necessarily produce equal outcomes because study regulation develops within unequal family and institutional support ecologies. Equity-oriented, culturally responsive, and relational school practicesalongside targeted academic mentoringmay help reduce persistent achievement gaps. 2025 the authors. -
Women and Fairness: Navigating an Unfair World
[No abstract available] -
Women and tourism: A study on gender equality, social inclusion, and empowerment
To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, which include the goals of gender equality, social inclusion, and women's empowerment, tourism is an essential industry. Gender disparity is a major development barrier in the majority of developing nations. The study aims to explore the challenges women face and gender inequality in tourism industry. The inter-linkage between tourism and SDGs will also be explored. A qualitative research technique was applied, and systematic literature review was based on articles in national and international journals, working papers, etc. explored. The study concluded that restricted opportunities for education, healthcare disparities, economic inequality are among the challenges faced by the women in tourism industry. It is also found that gender inequality in terms of dual presence, discrimination in wages, glass ceiling, sticky floors, etc. are also there. There is a definite linkage between the tourism industry and SDGs. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Women at work: The cultural and creative industries
[No abstract available] -
Women empowerment in India: Are we on the right track?
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have attracted the continued attention of national governments, international bodies, private organizations, civil societies, and NGOs. ICT has the potential to act as an influential method for promoting gender equality and social-economic and political empowerment of women. The chapter describes a number of ICT-backed initiatives in different countries targeted towards various concerns of women such as health, education, violence, governance, income, etc. It demonstrates the ability of ICT for empowering women especially those belonging to the marginalized group. This chapter examines the key challenges including technical, social, and economic to the usage of ICT for women's development as well as suggests initiatives for initiatives for national governments, policy makers, and organizations focusing on the issue of women empowerment. 2023, IGI Global. -
Women empowerment through community-based organisations in rural Karnataka
Women empowerment is an active multidimensional process to enable women to realize their identity and power in all spheres of life. Self Help Groups (SHGs) have played a significant role in women's empowerment. Through the SHGs, the dreams and desires of women came into reality. The current study examines women's empowerment through community-based organisations in rural Karnataka (Hoskote, Jamkhandi and Kolar). The chapter aims to determine the impact of SHGs on rural women's lives and whether it contributes to women's empowerment. The chapter follows a mixed-method research design. Thirty well-performing SHGs from three Centre for Social Action (CSA) project sites in rural Karnataka, namely Hoskote, Jamkhandi and Kolar, were considered for this chapter. A simple random sampling technique was used. Ten members from each SHG were selected, and three hundred SHG women samples were recruited. Responses from the samples were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. The results state that there is a well-evident improvement in women's economic, social, familial and political status after joining the SHG. The chapter concludes that SHG has caused significant change and development in women's socio-economic, familial and political life in rural Karnataka. 2024 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. -
Women entrepreneurs and the struggle for balance: Navigating work and life challenges
This chapter "Challenges Faced by Women Entrepreneurs: Balancing Work and Life" examines the major challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in juggling their personal and professional obligations. It draws attention to how institutional limitations, cultural norms, and socioeconomic issues make it more difficult for them to maintain a healthy work-life balance. High performance standards that lead to stress and burnout, financial strains from gender inequalities in funding, and restricted access to childcare and elder care services are some of the main obstacles. The significance of social support networks in reducing work-related stress and improving general wellbeing is emphasized in the text. It advocates for supportive organizational practices and policy reforms to empower women entrepreneurs, fostering an environment that promotes gender equity. In order to enable women to succeed in their personal and professional endeavors and so support social and economic advancement, the text ultimately urges a concentrated effort to address these issues. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. -
Women entrepreneurs vs. women employees: a comparative study of personality traits and success factors of women in India
In the current study, the researchers evaluate the relationship between personality traits, as defined by the Big Five personality traits, and success factors of women: as entrepreneurs and employees. The findings are based on data collected from 100 women employees and 100 women entrepreneurs. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using IBM SPSS. The findings suggest that there are statistically significant differences between women entrepreneurs and women employees on certain dimensions of personality. The evaluation of the relationship between the personality traits and success factors revealed that in the case of entrepreneurs, personality traits were significant in predicting success. As nations work to improve gender ratios in the labour force and as the number of women entrepreneurs grows, a better understanding of what constitutes success and the factors that could influence success are critical in supporting female participation in the economy, as entrepreneurs and employees. Copyright 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Women Entrepreneurs: A Study of Psychological Well-being and Empowerment in Indian Social Context
Entrepreneurship is differentiated by decision-making ability, competition, economic gains, autonomy, and socioeconomic settings that provide a foundation for an individual to strive and run a venture in a highly competitive environment. In the present context, this study examines the relationship between empowerment and the psychological well-being of women entrepreneurs. This study attempted to analyze the various aspects of psychological well-being responsible for women's entrepreneurship. Exploratory design and regression analysis were used for the study. The study found that only purpose in life, personal growth and positive societal relations are significant psychological factors that influence women empowerment amongst women entrepreneurs in India. The results confirm a significant relationship between empowerment and the psychological well-being of women entrepreneurs in India. This research is apt in the present time as entrepreneurial ventures are considered to be the most critical factors that would help both urban and rural populations through the creation of jobs, rescue them from unemployment and poverty, and thereby have an impact on the development of skills, self-esteem, and self-sufficiency of women. 2023, Institute of Economic Sciences. All rights reserved. -
Women human rights defenders
[No abstract available] -
Women in higher education institutions: Challenges faced by women in HEI and emerging opportunities
A multitasking Queen plays a heterogeneous role in each and everyone 's tremendous journey of life right from the beginning until the end. As a wife, mother, sister, daughter, mentor, philosopher, friend, lover, and most importantly, 'first teacher', her contributions are noteworthy. Nobody can even dream up life without a woman. Women are capable enough in learning, teaching, and sustenance throughout their life. The art of learning and teaching encompasses the art of living. As a teacher, she is a source of inspiration, knowledge, and reason for the future. The first smile, step, voice, and any word are being routed by the first teacher called mother cum woman. This chapter explores women in higher education institutions. 2022, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Women in security services: a (post)feminist reading of Lt Col Nitisha v Union of India
The role of women in Indian security services was debated in the recent judgement, Lt Col Nitisha v Union of India. The Supreme Court invalidated the impugned selection criteria and their retrospective application upon female staff as instances of indirect discrimination. This case note identifies three major implications regarding the gendered nature of the debate. Firstly, the Courts findings reveal that the government adopted certain strategic modes of postfeminist governmentality to utilize the discourse of women empowerment for departmental ends. Secondly, popular readings of the judgement risk being reduced to postfeminist cultural sensibilities, which romanticize individualistic agency and manufacture isolated struggling heroes to eventually dull the cross-sectoral feminist solidarity. Lastly, the Courts progressive doctrinal turn still construed women officials as mere employees-beneficiaries mostly claiming careerist interests. It abandoned any holistic appraisal of the role of women in military service, thereby articulating an impoverished account of female agency, dignity, and personhood. 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis. -
Women in STEM: Act beyond enrolment
While India boasts of a rising proportion of female STEM graduates, their participation in tech sector jobs remains low. This and other Asian examples show focusing on enrolment is ineffective in boosting equality without parallel efforts to dismantle workplace hurdles -
Women in tourism: Gender bias and constraints
Tourism could be spending time away from home in search of leisure, relaxation, and pleasure while utilizing the commercial provision of services. The capacity of tourism to improve livelihoods by re- ducing poverty, guarantee or enhance environmental sustainability, and promote gender equality and women's empowerment are some of its strongestpoints. "Women's empowerment" can mean a variety of things, such as respecting women's opinion, making an effort to find them, and improving women's status through training, awareness, and education. They may have the chance to redefine gender norms and other similar roles, giving them more flexibility to pursue their objectives. The main aim of the chapter is to identify the major challenges faced by women in the tourism sector, the ways to overcome constraints, gender stereotypes, and the social stigmas while they juggle between multiple responsibili- ties. With this chapter, the authors aim to gain more knowledge more specifically on how women can be empowered in the tourism and hospitality sector. 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Women influencers in e-commerce: Shaping the future for high-end products
Industry 5.0 represents a transformative shift in industrial practices, merging advanced technologies with human-centered approaches. This evolution emphasizes personalization, ethical considerations, and enhanced consumer experiences in e-commerce. Social media platforms, such as Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook, have revolutionized brand engagement by enabling targeted advertising, community building, and real-time interaction. Women influencers play a crucial role in this new landscape, using their personal brands to drive consumer trust and loyalty. They create authentic content and promote diverse, inclusive narratives. As e-commerce adapts to Industry 5.0, integrating technological advancements with a focus on human values and ethical practices becomes essential for business success and consumer satisfaction. 2025, IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.