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Thermoluminescence glow curve analysis and trap parameters calculation of UV-induced La2Zr2O7 phosphor doped with gadolinium
Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve analysis and calculation of trap parameters are reported for gadolinium (Gd3+)-doped La2Zr2O7 (LZO) phosphor. Phosphors were prepared by modified solid-state reaction method with varying concentration of Gd3+ (0.12.5mol%) including proper calcination and sintering temperature. Structural analysis of prepared phosphor for optimized TL concentration was recorded by X-ray diffraction analysis technique. Morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopic technique. The UV ray induced to the phosphor and effect of dose response recorded for variable dose rates of UV and TL glow curve were observed. The experimental and theoretical comparison was done by computerized glow curve deconvolution technique which determines the trap parameters such as trap depth, order of kinetics, and frequency factor for optimized concentration of dopant. The trap parameters and trap model are discussed in detail. 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. -
An analysis on direct authentication of data
Authentication is the procedure which permits a sender and receiver of data to validate each other. On the off chance that the sender and receiver of data can't legitimately confirm each other, there is no trust in the activity or data gave by either party. This paper talks about where and when can the service providers use the various authentication models adopted and the comparison between two authentication models. 2017 IEEE. -
Analysis of supervised and unsupervised technique for authentication dataset
Traditional methods of data storage vary from the present. These days data has become more unstructured and requires to be read contextually. Data Science provides a platform for the community to perform artificial intelligence and deep learning methodologies on large volumes of structured and unstructured data. In the era of artificial intelligence, AI is showing it's true potential by addressing social causes and automation in various industries such as automobile, medicine and smart buildings, healthcare, retail, banking, and finance service are some of the deliverables. From a variety of sources and flooding data, AI and machine learning are finding real-world adoption and applications. The nature of the data models is trial and error and is prone to change with their discoveries for the specific problem and this is the case with the different algorithms used. In this paper, we apply machine learning algorithms such as unsupervised learning k-means, bat k-means and supervised learning decision tree, k-NN, support vector machine, regression, discriminant analysis, ensemble classification for data set taken from UCI repository, phishing website, website phishing, Z- Alizadeh Sani and authentication datasets. Authentication dataset is generated for testing Single Sign-on which learns from data by training to make predictions. 2018Rahul K. Dubey, P. K. Nizar Banu. -
Journeying through the Indian railways in around India in 80 trains (2012) by monisha rajesh and chai, chai: Travels in places where you stop but get never off (2009) by bishwanath ghosh
An Indian train is a space that exemplifies a true sense of transient cultural pattern as it travels through different states of India constantly assimilating people of diverse cultures. In this liminal space, a passenger travels from known to unknown in terms of geography, culture, language, cuisine, sartorial configuration and psychological makeup. Indian Railways offers an insightful analysis of cohabitation - the conflict and the coexistence of people amidst cultural differences.An Indian train is an exemplar of an accurate secular structure, blurring the lines of discrepancies based on religion, caste, gender, sex and sexuality. Prejudices that are evident in spaces relatively marked by certain spatial permanence dilute in a train. A provisional spatial arrangement of a train therefore questions the idea of tolerance and intolerance compared to that of permanent arrangement. As the Indian train incorporates people of all ages and territories, the train is a specimen of the concept of Bakhtinian polyphony, wherein the dialogues occurring between passengers represent varied consciousness. Thus, a train travelogue encompasses unmerged voices, each carrying a unique conscious design. The people travelling in an Indian train are separated on one single ground: economy. Therefore, economic factor becomes an overarching pattern of base to assign a certain culture in a superstructure to each class and each offers a unique perspective to the travelogue. This paper will analyze the trope of the train in two Indian travelogues based on culture, Marxist economic structure, Bakhtinian concept of polyphony, secularism and the idea of tolerance. AesthetixMS 2020. This Open Access article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For citation use the DOI. For commercial re-use, please contact editor@rupkatha.com. -
Rare-earth-activated phosphor for laser lighting
The chapter describes that Y2Ba3B4O12 doped with europium ions were synthesized by a modified conventional solid-state reaction method. The formations of the phosphor crystal structure are confirmed via the X-ray diffraction technique. The luminescence measurement upon excitation in ultraviolet and emission in visible range shows the characteristics of Eu3+ excitation and emission. The occurrence of the charge transfer band is explained in detail. The emission spectrum of Eu3+ ions consists mainly of several groups of lines in the 550-725nm region, due to the transitions from the 5D0 level to the levels 7FJ (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) of Eu3+ ions. The phenomena of concentration quenching are explained on the basis of electron-phonon coupling and multipolar interaction. The purity of the red emission is also checked, and it makes Eu3+-doped poly-borate-based phosphor as a promising candidate for laser lighting application. 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. -
Spectroscopic parameters of red emitting Eu3 +-doped La2Ba3B4O12 phosphor for display and forensic applications
Eu3+-activated La2Ba3B4O12 (LBBO) phosphor was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. LBBO phosphors characterized by structural analysis (X-ray diffraction), including refinement parameters and crystallite size, morphological analysis by (Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy). Photoluminescence (PL) studies of synthesized phosphors monitored in the range of 450-675 nm for the LBBO phosphor doped with Eu3 +. An excitation peak was found at 254nm and several sharp emission peaks were found around 466, 541, 588, 593, 613, and 626nm with high intensities. The crystallite size of the Eu3 +-doped LBBO phosphor was around 126nm. It is found that the intense emission peak is in the red region. The detailed processes involved and a possible mechanism for the PL are studied and discussed. The phosphor can also be used in forensic science to detect fingerprints. 2021 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved. -
'Enhancing Electricity Price Forecasting': Integrating Macro-Economic Factors And Renewable Energy Dynamics in A Machine Learning Approach
In the ever-evolving electricity market, accurate price prediction is imperative for informed decision-making. This research introduces an innovative predictive model that integrates renewable energy, macro-economic indicators, and external factors to enhance forecasting accuracy. By exploring historical trends, comparing machine learning algorithms, and employing advanced feature selection methods, the study addresses the complexities of the electricity market, emphasizing economic indicators, geopolitical events, and demand-supply dynamics. Informed by a literature review, the research underscores the necessity of dynamic models in electricity price forecasting. Utilizing machine learning models such as linear regression, random forest, SVM, AdaBoost, and ARIMA, the study aims to improve prediction accuracy. With a robust methodology and comprehensive evaluation metrics (MAE, RMSE, MAPE), the research contributes valuable insights into electricity market dynamics, providing a variable dictionary for clarity and emphasizing the strategic implications of the superior random forest model for stakeholders in the electricity sector. 2024 IEEE. -
Socio-economic development of Darjeeling Himalayas: Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) and ordinal logistic regression (OLR)
The measurement of regional development plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life of local communities. However, the process of analyzing the regional progress was challenging as regional development was presented as a multidimensional concept. Nonetheless, the study's primary objective was to understand the indicators that genuinely reflect the development process's various dimensions in the northernmost district of West Bengal, Darjeeling Himalayas. Seven dimensions of development, namely psychological well-being, health, education, governance, safety and crime, energy and environment and standard of living were identified for analyzing the socio-economic development of the Darjeeling Himalaya. A questionnaire was framed and circulated in the region for the collection of data. By applying Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA), the data collected was aggregated into the above mentioned seven dimensions of development and analyzed the relationship between these development indicators through the Ordinal Logistic Regression model (OLR). The results showed that education and governance indicators had a significant impact on psychological wellbeing. Governance was affected by psychological wellbeing, while the standard of living was affected by psychological wellbeing and health indicators in the region. 2021 The Society of Economics and Development, except certain content provided by third parties. -
Analytical Estimation and Experimental Validation of the Bending Stiffness of the Transmission Line Conductors
The bending stiffness of transmission line conductors can vary significantly, ranging from maximum stiffness when behaving monolithically to minimum stiffness when wires behave loosely. This large range makes it challenging to estimate stiffness accurately at intermittent bending stages. To address this issue, a mathematical model that accounts for both frictional forces between wires in the same layer and the clenching effects of helical wires from preceding layers is proposed in this paper. The proposed model estimates cable bending stiffness as a function of axial load and curvature for multilayered strands by considering slip caused by wire behavior. To evaluate the bending stiffness, experiments were conducted on Panther and Moose Indian Power Transmission line conductors. The proposed slip model considers Coulomb frictional effects and clenching effects caused by Hertzian contact forces, filling the void in the estimation procedure. Additionally, the model considers the wire stretch effect, a parameter not previously accounted for in cable research. The predicted numerical results of the proposed model were found to vary within a maximum of 7% from the experimental tests. The proposed mathematical model thus offers a more accurate and comprehensive way of estimating the bending stiffness of transmission line conductors, addressing the existing limitations in the estimation procedure. 2024 College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. -
Numerical analysis and finite element simulation of axial stiffness of overhead transmission line conductor
Cables, overhead electrical conductors, and ropes are flexible structural assemblies made out of a central core and number of wires which are twisted together to form a complex helical structure. In the majority, cables are subjected to axial loading primarily, followed by the associated twisting. Depending upon the application, they are additionally loaded in bending also. The mechanical behavior of the cables can be predicted by various mathematical models reported in the literature. The mathematical model can predict the overall global behavior of the cable well. However, the local behavior of the cable must be included to have intricate realistic studies. In this paper, an attempt is made to predict the response of the cable considering all the local effects under axial loading. A core with a single layer of six wires is modelled using the helical rod concept and its mechanical behavior is investigated by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The effect of axial loading on the cable is proposed to be studied as a function of various cable axial strains. The core-wire and the wire-wire contact mode of the cable assembly have been considered with due consideration of the contact forces and the associated frictional effects. The reduction in cable stiffness has been studied under various slip modes. The analytical and FEA results are validated with experimental tests on a single-layered transmission line conductor. TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. -
Evaluation of Maximum Bending Stiffness of Stranded Cables with Refined Kinematic Relations
The mechanical response of a helically stranded cable depends on the effective stiffness offered by the collective assembly of its constituent wires. This can vary between two extreme conditions, namely a monolithic state, also known as the stickslip state, wherein all the wires in the cable behave as a single unit with no relative movements among themselves, offering the maximum stiffness for the cable. In the other extreme condition, all the wires are free to move among themselves, with no frictional holding among them, thus offering the minimum stiffness. This paper reviews the various mathematical models that are available for the estimation of maximum bending stiffness and brings out the need for considering a vital parameter known as the wire stretch effect that has been neglected by many authors till date. The consequent fundamental changes that occur in the basic kinematic relations are brought out and refined expressions for the internal wire forces and moments are established for the first time in the coupled axial-bending analysis. Further, the shear displacement of the wire due to the stretch has also been included in the wire normal and binormal shear forces. A single-layered cable with core-wire contact has been considered for analysis and the numerical results are evaluated with these new inclusions and are compared with the published results. It is hoped that the refined model suggested in this paper for the accurate estimation of the maximum stiffness, will pave way for more reasonable cable analysis in the subsequent slip stages. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
Improvised Model for Estimation of Cable Bending Stiffness Under Various Slip Regimes
It is well known that the bending response of a stranded cable varies between two extremes, known as a monolithic stickslip state and a completely frictionless loose wire state. While the monolithic state offers the maximum stiffness for the cable, the latter loose wire assembly results in minimum stiffness. The estimation of the actual behavior of the cable under any loading scenario demands a proper modeling that accounts for the interaction of the constituent wires in the intermittent slip stages. During loading, the wires are not only subjected to forces along their axes but are considerably acted upon with radial forces that cause clenching effect. Major research works have focused on the frictional resistance of these radial forces from the Coulomb hypothesis, which contributes to the macro slip phenomenon. As the effect of these radial clenching forces are also significant in causing high contact stresses between wires at the adjacent layers, the need for considering the micro slip at these locations is also vital in the evaluation of the net cable stiffness. In this paper, a novel model is proposed that considers the slip caused by the Coulomb friction hypothesis and the micro slip caused by the Hertzian contact friction for the evaluation of bending stiffness. The variation of the bending stiffness has been evaluated for a single-layered cable as a function of bending curvature at various locations by studying their slip regimes. The predicted results are compared with the published results to establish the refined combined slip hypothesis suggested in this paper. The suggested slip model in this paper has also been accounted with the improvised kinematic relations that consider the wire stretch effect, a parameter that has been neglected in this cable research till date. 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. -
A review of buoyancy driven underwater gliders
In the past few years, several techniques and approaches have been developed by researchers for the ocean survey. An autonomous underwater vehicle primarily known as the glider is vastly used for oceanographic study and survey. With the help of these vehicles now it possible to have a study on the effects of pesticides, metal, biological toxins, or chemicals on the living organisms of the sea. Additionally, monitoring of threats such as biological weapons, radioactive leakage, and detection of mines is a very important parameter for keeping safety in check. Considering these parameters autonomous vehicles primarily known as glider are vastly used by oceanographers as they are relatively inexpensive, reusable, and have long mission durations. Such vehicle uses advanced sensors to perform automated monitoring and fast data acquisition. Since their inception in the 1980s, there have been considerable developments that have led to the augmentation of scientifically and commercially focused products. A comprehensive analysis of various underwater gliders and their working principle has been done here, emphasizing their architecture and working capabilities. 2022 Author(s). -
Involvement and implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR): A case of COVID-19 evidence from various countries
Industry performance is a pivotal indicator for assessing the robustness of economic growth of a country. Any fluctuations in this indicator wield considerable influence over economic growth. Previous research has established that the industry performance is not a static phenomenon but rather exhibits variations across different time periods. Amongst the multitude of crises, the COVID-19 pandemic reverberated across every nation, spreading to all strata of society. It had an adverse impact on both public and private sector impacting the lives of millions. Industries were struggling with dwindling profits, thus trying vehemently to cut costs in diverse realms. This challenging financial predicament made it difficult for companies to uphold their corporate social responsibilities. Hence, only a few companies initiated CSR activities due to the paucity of funds. Having this in the backdrop, this case study analysis aims to examine corporate involvement and implementation of CSR activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and assesses the extent to which these activities have helped improve people's lives. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved. -
Hockey among the Indigenous Tribes of Sundargarh, Odisha
[No abstract available] -
Startups' empowerment of employees: An analysis using VOSviewer
The purpose of this study is to evaluate and consolidate existing research on the factors that affect the performance of employees in startup companies. Specifically, it focuses on factors such as empowerment, motivation, dedication, leadership styles, and self-determination. This study aims to understand how these factors influence employee performance in the context of startup organizations. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the HR value chain model. The HR value chain model demonstrates how HR practices can benefit organizations by showing the various HR processes that support a company's goals. Additionally, the study incorporates psychological factors related to employee performance, such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The methodology section mentions that the research primarily covers management-related articles from 2010 to 2022. The research involved reviewing primary studies by searching computerized databases and selected journal articles from specific websites. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to analyze eligible articles, and bibliometric networks were generated to connect keywords to relevant articles. The study's findings indicate that empowerment, motivation, commitment, and other traits are linked to the success of new startup businesses. Effective leadership tactics play a crucial role in creating a healthier, happier work environment with dedicated employees. It appears that the study identified 20 papers, including 17 research articles, that establish connections between empowerment and startup performance. The use of VOSviewer's overlay bibliometric networks helped visualize these connections. 2024, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved. -
A Facile One-Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis, in Vitro and in Silico Studies of a Series of Tetrahydropyridine Derivatives as Breast Cancer Inhibitors
Ammonium trifluoroacetate (ATA) catalysed synthesis of 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (THP) derivatives, under eco-friendly conditions via a facile one-pot strategy. We have synthesized fifteen THP derivatives, and docked into the crystal structure of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumour suppressor protein (PDB ID: 1D5R) based on drug-likeness prediction and pharmacokinetic properties. Molecular docking simulation studies reveal that four of our synthesised compounds are potential hit candidates because they bound to the receptor through 57 conventional hydrogen bonds with ?9.7 to ?8.6 kcal/mol of binding energy. The compounds were evaluated using the in vitro inhibitory activity of MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Identified hit compounds showed moderate inhibition at (160320 ?g/mL) and inhibitory concentration IC50 values in the low micromolar range of 171.062, 189.803, 195.469 and 181.272 ?g/mL respectively. The results obtained are very promising; therefore fine-tuning the substituents of hit molecules with appropriate bioisosteres can lead to the development of potential leads. 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. -
A novel SIW based dual-band power divider using double-circular complementary split ring resonators
This article presents a novel design of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band power divider loaded with double-circular complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). The double-circular CSRRs are etched on the top layer of the proposed structure to obtain the dual-band characteristic. The proposed geometry provides a passband frequency below the cut-off frequency of the SIW due to the electric dipole nature of the CSRRs. By changing the dimensions of the CSRRs, various passband characteristics are studied. To validate the design idea, a compact dual band power divider with equal power division operating at 8.4 and 11.7 GHz is designed, fabricated, and tested. A good steadiness is found between simulated and tested results. The proposed idea provides features of compact size, dual-band operation, and good isolation. The size of the fabricated prototype excluding microstrip transition is 0.473?g 0.284?g, where ?g is the guided wave length at the center frequency of first band. 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. -
Foetal brain extraction using mathematically modelled local foetal minima
This paper proposes segmentation techniques to separate brain parcel from the MRI of the human embryo and also determines the abnormality of the foetal brain at various gestational weeks. These strategies mean to characterise areas of the premium of various granularities: brain, tissue types, or constructions that are more limited. Various philosophies have been applied for this division task and can be grouped into the solo, parametric, characterisation, atlas combination, and deformable models. Brain atlases are usually used as preparing information in the division interaction. Difficulties identifying using pictures secured, the quick mental health, and the restricted accessibility of imaging information thwart this division task. This paper discusses foetal brain segmentation using mathematically modelled foetal brain minima by using a curve fitting segmentation technique. Broad tests show that the proposed approach beats the ebb and flow of various segmentation techniques and the results gained are significant. Copyright 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Scrutiny In-Utero to recognize Fetal Brain MRI Anomalies
In utero MRI distinguishes fbrain irregularities high precisely compared to ultrasonography as well as gives extra medical data during the pregnancies. fMRI is medically performed to get the knowledge of the brain in conditions where the inconsistency are perceived with the help of pre-birth sonography. These are common regularly solidify ventriculomegaly, not regular of the corpus callosum, and oddities of the back fossa. Fbrain inconsistencies can cause authentic brain hurt. Therefore, it is vital to recognize them from the get-go in their course so treatment can be managed to the mother, if conceivable. The job of imaging is to decide the presence, assuming any, and the degree of brain harm in the contaminated hatchling. Even though MRI is most generally utilized as a subordinate to sonography when clinical doubt is high in the setting of a typical ultrasound or to all the more likely characterize irregularities recognized by ultrasound, MRI is regularly utilized in toxoplasmosis seroconversion to conclusively preclude brain injuries, in any event, when the ultrasound examination is viewed as ordinary. X-ray is likewise utilized sequentially all through the pregnancy to check for the improvement of brain anomalies; clinical treatment brings about the astounding clinical result if the brain is typical. Intracranial irregularities are ordinarily speculated discoveries on antenatal US that are needed for assessment which is used by MRI. This audit portrays numerous irregularities imaged as a way to direct clinicians' inappropriate determination. 2021 IEEE.