Bionanomaterials in Food Applications and their Risk Assessment
Nanotechnology has increased impressively during the last decade for their diverse potential uses in food, environment, medical, sustainable energy and so forth. Nanomaterial synthesis by chemical methods has unintended properties on the ecological pollution and also effect on human welfare. To overcome these challenges green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) has been used from plants and animals. The green synthesized NPs include gold (Au NPs), copper (Cu NPs), silver (AgNPs), iron and its oxides (Fe NPs). Abundant microbes and plants are used for the synthesizing NPs that are eco-friendly, cost effective and potentially safe. Further, these can be constructed using agri-food waste sources such as agricultural crops, fruits and vegetables, cereals, oil cakes, alcoholic beverages, and so forth, for synthesizing sustainable NPs, reducing environmental issues. These green synthesized metallic NPs needs to be further characterized for the synthesis, factors affecting the parameters and their potential applications in various fields with major challenges that needs to be researched such as toxicity and translational research. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Shakeel Ahmed; individual chapters, the contributors.
Mayegowda S.B.; Brijesh H.; Dheeraj H.; Reddy Y.H.; Manjula N.G.
Bionanomaterials for Industrial Applications, pp. 133-148.
Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Brijesh H., Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Dheeraj H., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Reddy Y.H., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
Bionanomaterials in Improving Food Quality and Safety
Current inventions in the area of nanotechnology opened several transformations in scientific and industrial sectors. One such rapidly developing technology gets a lot of application in the food industrys changing the culture of food cultivation to its several branches, like production, processing, packaging, preservation, detection of foodborne pathogens, transportation, shelf life and bioavailability of its valuable nutrients. Far smaller in size and in surface area is strongly related to its stability in terms of chemical and biological activities. Hence, food nanotechnology empowers advancement in several novel bio-nanomaterials with an extensive choice towards potential applications. Nanotechnology benefits the food industry in several ways: to extend and predictable for the growth due to recent and swiftly developing technology influences the characteristic of the food products, which should not get exposed to human and microbial activities. Therefore, implication of bio-nanomaterials in food-related industries pose a significant contribution for economy and also a key community concern. The involvement of nanotechnology throughout the life cycle of food processing, storage, transportation, safety, and potential benefits to mankind are also briefly reviewed in this chapter. Acceptance of nano-based ingredients by the public in various phases of the food business and their associated safety and regulatory measures pertaining to food items can be improved by many methods of nanotechnology. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Shakeel Ahmed; individual chapters, the contributors.
Bionanomaterials for Industrial Applications, pp. 149-164.
Gowda B.K.N., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Rao B.V., Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Bionanoparticles Impact on Human Health, an In Vitro and In Vivo Status
In the hunt for a safe replacement for hazardous conventional nanoparticles that are applied in biomedicine field, bionanoparticles are known to be the ideal choice. The term bionanoparticles refers to nanoparticles made using biomolecules or that use a biomolecule to enclose or immobilize a more conventional nanomaterial. For the creation of bionanoparticles, biomolecules are taken from bacteria, plants, agricultural wastes, insects, marine life, and some mammals. Bionanoparticles, possess unique qualities with lot of potential that make them applicable in different field such as, pharmacy, aerospace engineering, biosensors, material sciences and so on. These bionanoparticles have improved biocompatibility, bioavailability, and bioreactivity and display minimal or insignificant toxic effects in humans, animals, and at the environment level. Nanoparticles can be introduced into the body either by biomedical procedures as a part of treatment, diagnosis, or the application of cosmetics. The mode of entry is usually via intravenous, intradermal, intramuscular and peritoneal injections. Unintentional entry of nanoparticles is a result of environmental pollution or accidental release. The effect of bionanoparticles on human health received much importance as they are biologically synthesized and biocompatible. The goal of this chapter is to review human exposure to bionanoparticles with an emphasis on the effects on human cells and animal models. 2025 selection and editorial matter, Shakeel Ahmed; individual chapters, the contributors.
Brijesh H.; Bheemappa M.; Manjunath R.; Gowda B.K.N.; Shambhavi H.V.; Manjula N.G.; Mayegowda S.B.
Bionanomaterials for Industrial Applications, pp. 310-324.
Brijesh H., Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Bheemappa M., Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Manjunath R., Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Gowda B.K.N., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Shambhavi H.V., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Kumbalgodu, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Bioparametric Investigation of Mutant Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2414 Extracellular Laccase Production under Solid State Fermentation
Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2414; Bioparameters; laccase; solid-state fermentation
This work has been undertaken to investigate the bio parameters such as various substrates, initial moisture level, inoculum size, pH, incubation temperature, incubation period, metal ions and nitrogen sources effect on the production of laccase in solid-state fermentation using mutant Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2414. The laccase production was observed with a sesame oil cake (183.32 0.29 U/g), initial moisture level 80% (189.28 0.52 U/ g), inoculum size 1.5% (196.12 0.26 U/g), initial pH 8 (215.20 0.48 U/g), incubation temperature 37C (225.80 0.52 U/g), incubation period 48h (258.80 0.29 U/g), CuSO4 (263.16 0.12 U/g) and yeast extract (268.14 0.16 U/g) in the production medium. 2018, Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy. All rights reserved.
Venkatanagaraju E.; Chittaranjan D.; Akihito C.
Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, Vol-12, No. 1, pp. 65-74.
Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy
Venkatanagaraju E., Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Chittaranjan D., Department of Life Sciences, Garden City University, 16thKM, Old Madras Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560049, India; Akihito C., Department of Life Sciences, Garden City University, 16thKM, Old Madras Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560049, India
Biopolymers as promising vehicles for drug delivery to the brain
biopolymers; Blood brain barrier; drug targeting; neuroprotection; therapeutics
The brain is a privileged organ, tightly guarded by a network of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells called the blood brain barrier. This barrier facilitates tight regulation of the transport of molecules, ions, and cells from the blood to the brain. While this feature ensures protection to the brain, it also presents a challenge for drug delivery for brain diseases. It is, therefore, crucial to identify molecules and/or vehicles that carry drugs, cross the blood brain barrier, and reach targets within the central nervous system. Biopolymers are large polymeric molecules obtained from biological sources. In comparison with synthetic polymers, biopolymers are structurally more complex and their 3D architecture makes them biologically active. Researchers are therefore investigating biopolymers as safe and efficient carriers of brain-targeted therapeutic agents. In this article, we bring together various approaches toward achieving this objective with a note on the prospects for biopolymer-based neurotherapeutic/neurorestorative/neuroprotective interventions. Finally, as a representative paradigm, we discuss the potential use of nanocarrier biopolymers in targeting protein aggregation diseases. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Drug Metabolism Reviews, Vol-56, No. 1, pp. 46-61.
ISSN: 3602532; PubMed ID: 37955126; CODEN: DMTRA
Mythri R.B., Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Dharmaram College Post, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Aishwarya M.R.B., Department of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Bioprospecting of Fungal Endophytes in Hulimavu Lake for Their Repertoire of Bioactive Compounds
Fungal endophytes hold a prominent position in the research world, in part due to the rich repertoire of bioactive compounds useful for industrial and environmental applications. The present study aims at bioprospecting few endophytic fungi isolated from Hulimavu lake flora (Bengaluru) for characterization of biological applications of their bioactive compounds. Among the lake plants screened, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Ricinus communis and Persicaria glabra were taken forward for isolation of fungal endophytes. Subsequent biochemical analyses were performed to quantify few fungal enzymes and bioactive compounds, followed by antimicrobial and cytotoxic assays. In conclusion, this pilot study aims to probe the plethora of bioactive compounds present in fungal endophytes that possess wide ranging biological properties. Due to the species richness and diversity of fungal endophytes across different host plants and habitats, bioprospecting fungal endophytes remains a very extensive yet promising topic for research, representing broad ranging environmental and industrial applications. The Electrochemical Society
ECS Transactions, Vol-107, No. 1, pp. 10471-10481.
https://doi.org/10.1149/10701.10471ecst https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130509747&doi=10.1149%2f10701.10471ecst&partnerID=40&md5=36f7aca483ad59c58a781751024badb6
Jayaram S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Sarojini S., Department of Life Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Bioreactor configurations for adventitious root culture: recent advances toward the commercial production of specialized metabolites
Adventitious roots; airlift bioreactors; bubble column bioreactors; cell cultures; organ cultures; scale-up process; specialized metabolites; stirred tank bioreactors
In vitro plant cell and organ cultures are appealing alternatives to traditional methods of producing valuable specialized metabolites for use as: pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, perfumes, and agricultural chemicals. Cell cultures have been adopted for the production of specialized metabolites in certain plants. However, in certain other systems, adventitious roots are superior to cell suspension cultures as they are organized structures that accumulate high levels of specialized metabolites. The cultivation of adventitious roots has been investigated in various bioreactor systems, including: mechanically agitated, pneumatically agitated, and modified bioreactors. The main relevance and importance of this work are to develop a long-lasting industrial biotechnological technology as well as to improve the synthesis of these metabolites from the plant in vitro systems. These challenges are exacerbated by: the peculiarities of plant cell metabolism, the complexity of specialized metabolite pathways, the proper selection of bioreactor systems, and bioprocess optimization. This reviews major objective is to analyze several bioreactor types for the development of adventitious roots, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type of bioreactor, and to describe the strategies used to increase the synthesis of specialized metabolites. This review also emphasizes current advancements in the field, and successful instances of scaled-up cultures and the generation of specialized metabolites for commercial purposes are also covered. 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Murthy H.N.; Joseph K.S.; Paek K.Y.; Park S.Y.
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, Vol-44, No. 5, pp. 837-859.
Murthy H.N., Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India, Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea; Joseph K.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, India; Paek K.Y., Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea; Park S.Y., Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
Bioreactor systems for micropropagation of plants: present scenario and future prospects
Bioreactor; embryogenesis; immersion culture; in vitro propagation; liquid culture; organogenesis; somatic embryo; temporary immersion culture
Plant micropropagation has been adapted in the fields of agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and other related fields for large-scale production of elite plants. The use of liquid media and adoption of bioreactors have escalated the production of healthy plants. Several liquid-phase, gas-phase, temporary immersion, and other modified bioreactors have been used for plant propagation. The design, principle, operational mode, merits, and demerits of various bioreactors used for the regeneration of propagules, such as bulblets, cormlets, rhizomes, microtubers, shoots (subsequent rooting), and somatic embryos, are discussed here. In addition, various parameters that affect plant regeneration are discussed with suitable examples. Copyright 2023 Murthy, Joseph, Paek and Park.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159588 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159874412&doi=10.3389%2ffpls.2023.1159588&partnerID=40&md5=523493a5f9cad3a8cac33f1359d9570b
Bioremediation and Detoxification of Asbestos from Soil
Asbestos; Asbestosis; Bioremediation; Detoxification; Mesothelioma; Phytoremediation; Pollution
Asbestos is referred to as magic mineral and used as excellent building material. It finds its application in wide range of products such as floor tiles, pipes, paper, rope, cloth, insulated partition board, etc. On average, India uses 3, 50, 000 tons of asbestos annually and asbestos fibers readily undergo weathering releasing them into soil, water and air. Occupational and environmental exposure to this asbestos is leading to asbestosis (asbestos-related disease), lung cancer, and heart failure. Considering the serious health risk, countries like Australia, Brazil, and Canada had banned the use of asbestos. As asbestos is extensively used in construction of buildings, the demolished materials are dumped in the soil and thus it finds its route in soil as pollutant. Soil borne microbes like bacteria, fungi and lichens are found to be best means to reduce the toxicity of asbestos. These microorganisms remove iron from asbestos and reduce its toxicity. Another most effective bioremediation approach is phytoremediation to clean up the soil wherein vegetative cover on contaminated soil can remove iron and breaks down asbestos as source of inorganic nutrient. The main advantage of phytoremediation is that it can be extended to any geographical area where plants can grow. This chapter emphasizes various means of use and disposal of asbestos, followed by various means of bioremediation using microbes and plants and as an alternate for the sustainable soil condition. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022, corrected publication 2022.
Gopishankar T.; Baraiya Divyeksha H.; Vasantha V.L.; Praveen N.
Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management: Principles, Monitoring and Remediation, pp. 211-228.
Gopishankar T., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Baraiya Divyeksha H., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Vasantha V.L., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Praveen N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Bioremediation of Antibiotics as a Pollutant in Soil
Antibiotics; Bioaugmentation; Bioremediation; Biostimulation; Mycoremediation; Phycoremediation; Phytoremediation
The discovery of antibiotics had been a major breakthrough in the field of medicine. Apart from its use in treating disease, it is been used extensively in agricul-tural fields and animal husbandry to improve livestock and crop yield. Improper and overuse of antibiotics have found a route in the food chain and has accumulated in environmental resources like water and soil. This is of serious concern as it leads to the development of drug-resistant microorganisms which is a global threat and also alters the microbial diversity as they are bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Bioaugmen-tation and Biostimulation approaches are effective in the degradation of antibiotics in soil. For enhanced degradation of antibiotics consortia, engineered microbes and enzyme-mediated methods are feasible methods for effective remediation of antibi-otics in soil. Currently, extensive research on the bioremediation of antibiotics is carried out as they are cost-effective and eco-friendly. The present chapter deals with various contamination sources of antibiotics in soil, adverse effects of antibiotics in soil, different bioremediation approaches, and mechanisms, and regulations in the use of antibiotics. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
Gupta A.; Bhatt Y.; Rais N.; Nagella P.; Vasantha V.L.
Microbial and Biotechnological Interventions in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation, pp. 375-403.
Gupta A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Bhatt Y., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Rais N., Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Rajasthan, Ajmer, 305004, India; Nagella P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Vasantha V.L., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites Using Phytogenic Nanoparticles
Eco-friendly; Flavonoids; Heavy metal stress; Low-cost; Phytoremediation
Heavy metals (HMs) accumulate in milieu due to various human activities that persist leading to biomagnification in food chains and cause unpleasant effects on human health and environment. Pollutants such as organic matter and HMs are reme-diated traditionally by chemical precipitation, electrochemical treatment, adsorption, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, coagulation, and photo-catalyzation, remained inef-fective. Use of nanomaterials conjugated with various compounds showed significant reduction in several contaminated sites. However, existing implication of nanotech-nology works with nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis majorly involved the use of chem-ical raw materials and physical methods which are relatively toxic and unstable. Aforesaid difficulties made researchers and entrepreneurs to reconnoitre effective, newer, and novel synthesis approaches for the replacement over older version. During the past decade, to overcome these issues plant-derived NPs are extensively used because of its less cost, efficiency, and eco-friendly in nature. Hence, advanced alternative technology like phytoremediation using nanomaterials with innovative techniques has been a boon for HM remediation. Efficiency of green synthesized NPs is based on redox reactions which makes metals stable facilitated by flavonoids and polyphenols responding to HM-stress. Several metal complexation processes are known to produce phytochelatins or other metal-chelating peptides helping the biore-mediation of HMs. Current chapter throws light on adaptive mechanism employed by NPs coupled with plant or microbial extracts in overcoming the HM stress. Further-more, here we also focus on the possible mechanism and interaction between NPs and HM in minimizing severity of polluted sites with many examples. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Shilpa B.M.; Rashmi R.; Manjula N.G.; Sreekantha A.
Shilpa B.M., CHRIST-Deemed to be University, Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Kanmanike, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Kumbalgodu, Bangalore, 560074, India; Rashmi R., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru, 560111, India; Manjula N.G., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru, 560111, India; Sreekantha A., School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleswara Hills, Kumaraswamy layout, Bengaluru, 560111, India
Biosynthesis of CuFe2O4@Ag hybrid nanocomposite: Ultrasensitive detection and catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol; Catalytic reduction; CuFe2O4@Ag; Electrochemical sensors; Green synthesis; Senna didymobotrya
Due to the dearth of extremely capable, sensitive, and stable catalysts, the efficient detection and catalytic removal of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in industrial wastewater remains a serious challenge. The detection and determination of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) presence in the environment is a matter of paramount importance because it is a high-priority hazardous pollutant that can affect people, animals, and plants. Here, we present a promising and economically viable green synthetic route for fabricating CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O4@Ag hybrid nanocomposites from the leaf extract of Senna didymobotrya. The UVVis, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDXA, BET and VSM analysis were performed to characterize the synthesis of CuFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite. To evaluate the electrocatalytic capacity of CuFe2O4@Ag, electrochemical sensing stratergy was performed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The modified CuFe2O4@Ag glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (CuFe2O4@Ag/GCE) demonstrated a linear response in the range of 0.01-15 ?g/ml (71 nm-107 ?M) and the ability to detect 4-NP at low concentration (0.006 ?g/ml (43 nM)). Due to the increased surface area of CuFe2O4@Ag/GCE by ? 1.5-fold, a greater cathodic current response (-16 ?A/cm2) at a low potential of -0.81 V was observed compared to CuFe2O4/GCE alone for the detection of 4-NP. Additonally, CuFe2O4@Ag showed excellent reduction ability towards 4-NP using NaBH4 with an efficiency of 96.4 % which was higher than the CuFe2O4 (only 87.3 %) in 12 min due to the synergistic relationship among Ag NPs and CuFe2O4 nanostructures. The outcomes from this study shows that the bi-functional electrocatalyst holds vast potential for environmental remediation. 2024 The Author(s)
Punyasamudram S.; Puthalapattu R.P.; Bathinapatla A.; Mulpuri R.K.; Kanchi S.; Kumar P.V.N.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2024.100619 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192102425&doi=10.1016%2fj.chphi.2024.100619&partnerID=40&md5=551b87937682f7494f77429e8e4407bc
Punyasamudram S., Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Telangana, Hyderabad, 502329, India, Department of Chemistry, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, 517502, India; Puthalapattu R.P., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Telangana, Hyderabad, 500043, India; Bathinapatla A., Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India, Centre of Excellence- Material science & Sensors, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India; Mulpuri R.K., Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College (Autonomous), Dakamarri (v), Bheeminipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, 531162, India; Kanchi S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Kumar P.V.N., Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Telangana, Hyderabad, 502329, India
Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated by Strobilanthes hamiltoniana: Characterizations, and its biological applications
Anti-cancer; Anti-Microbial; Dye degradation; Strobilanthes hamiltoniana; Zinc oxide
Nanoparticles of Zinc oxide (ZnONPs), has a variety of applications such as antibacterial property, water treatment for pollutant removal, and as catalysts for organic reactions etc. and have been synthesized utilizing a variety of approaches, including green synthesis, chemical precipitation, solgel, hydrothermal synthesis, and microwave-assisted synthesis. In the present work, easy and economically viable ZnONPs were synthesized utilizing Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (SH) leaf extracts. Phytochemicals form S. hamiltoniana act as agents for reducing and capping the metal oxide ions. A range of analytical and microscopic techniques have been used to investigate the physical and chemical properties of ZnONPs. At 360 ?nm, green synthesized SH-ZnONPs showed robust UVVis absorption. The nanosize, shape, and crystalline structure of SH-ZnO NPs were characterized using XRD and electron microscopy techniques. Using SH-ZnO NPs, the photocatalytic activity of textile dyes such as Reactive blue 220 (RB-220), Reactive blue 222A (RB-222A), Reactive yellow 145 (RY-145) and Reactive yellow 86 (RY-86) dyes showed degradation efficiency of 97.3%, 78.57%, 88.88%, and 83.33% after 320 ?min. ZnONPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial effectiveness against bacterial and fungal pathogens using the Minimum inhibitory concentration approach. Their MIC values were calculated, and free radical scavenging experiments showed antioxidant activity. The SH-ZnONPs were validated using HepG2 (IC50) cancerous cells lines and showed promising anti-cancer activity. These results revealed that SH-ZnO NPs had promising benefits that could be utilized as a viable therapeutic candidate. 2023 The Author(s)
Gangwar J.; Balasubramanian B.; Pratap Singh A.; Meyyazhagan A.; Pappuswamy M.; Alanazi A.M.; Rengasamy K.R.R.; Kadanthottu Sebastian J.
Kuwait Journal of Science, Vol-51, No. 1
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjs.2023.07.008 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176585132&doi=10.1016%2fj.kjs.2023.07.008&partnerID=40&md5=40bf9c3a958a68784901e895c8a87c53
Gangwar J., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Balasubramanian B., Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea; Pratap Singh A., Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560012, India; Meyyazhagan A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Pappuswamy M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Alanazi A.M., Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Rengasamy K.R.R., Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa; Kadanthottu Sebastian J., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Biosynthesis of ZnFe2O4@Ag hybrid nanocomposites for degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Degradation; Mineralization; Pedalium murex L; Photocatalysis; ZnFe2O4@Ag
This work demonstrates recent advancements in the phytosynthetic and environmentally friendly method of preparing ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4@Ag hybrid nanocomposites using Pedalium murex L leaf extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized with UVvis, FTIR, TGA/DSC, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX to investigate the electronic as well as morphological properties. Moreover, the photocatalytic behaviour of ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4@Ag hybrid nanocomposites was evaluated with a breakdown of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DPA) by exposing to UVVis light. The results obtained suggest that ZnFe2O4@Ag hybrid nanocomposite exhibited photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 2,4-DPA by approximately 94% in 60 min compared to ZnFe2O4. The hybrid nanostructure of ZnFe2O4@Ag significantly promoted charge transfer and prevented electron and hole recombination resulting in the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, ZnFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite showed the fair recyclable capacity for up to five catalytic cycles with an acceptable degradation percentage of 2,4-DPA. The findings of this study identify efficient charge transfer factor as a major contributor to the catalytic activity, with promising possibilities for the design of environmental remediation nanocomposite for harmful contaminants. 2023 The Author(s)
Punyasamudram S.; Puthalapattu R.P.; Bathinapatla A.; Kanchi S.; Jyothi S.; Kumar P.V.N.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100282 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85167834401&doi=10.1016%2fj.chphi.2023.100282&partnerID=40&md5=edff48af224684dcac285787956b197e
Punyasamudram S., Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Telangana, Hyderabad, 502329, India, Department of Chemistry, Sri Padmavathi Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, 517502, India; Puthalapattu R.P., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Telangana, Hyderabad, 500043, India; Bathinapatla A., Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India, Centre of Excellence- Sensors & Nanoelectronics, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India; Kanchi S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Jyothi S., Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Andhra Pradesh, Kadapa, 516005, India; Kumar P.V.N., Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Telangana, Hyderabad, 502329, India
Biosynthesized AG nanoparticles: A promising pathway for bandgap tailoring
Bandgap tailoring; Biosynthesis; Nanocomposite; Silver nanoparticles
The unrivaled features and prospective applications promote graphene as a potent contender for next-generation nanodevices. But the realization of a tunable bandgap structure for zero-bandgap graphene at all times persists as a dilemma. In this work, a green approach is adopted for the bandgap modulation of graphene oxide (GO). The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were introduced into the graphene matrix, and hence the bandgap was tailored for the formation of a semiconductor composite. The bare GO that has got a bandgap of 3.41 eV was tuned to 2.33 eV on the addition of AgNPs. The preparation of AgNPs using fruit extract of cyanococcus make the process greener, safer, and cost-effective. This paper intends to open a new venture towards the environment safe synthesis of semiconductor nanocomposite necessitate for optoelectronic and photovoltaic technologies. 2020 by the authors.
Joy J.; Gurumurthy M.S.; Thomas R.; Balachandran M.
Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, Vol-11, No. 2, pp. 8875-8883.
https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC112.88758883 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090981859&doi=10.33263%2fBRIAC112.88758883&partnerID=40&md5=194f65278c7d4580c9580dc4cfa816d4
Joy J., Department of Physics & Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Gurumurthy M.S., Department of Physics & Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Thomas R., Department of Physics & Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Balachandran M.
Biotechnological advancements in microplastics degradation in drinking water: Current insights and Future perspectives
Analytical techniques; Biodegradation; Drinking water; Enzymes; Microplastics (MPs); Toxicity
Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as persistent toxicants in the recent decade. MPs are reported to present in different samples such as soil, water, wastewater, and human samples including placenta, urine etc. Recent studies have reported its presence in drinking water. MPs presence in the drinking water is of concern to the research because MPs are associated with several toxicities in animal models including human. The presented review is focused on understanding MPs abundance, sources, detection, analysis, and biotechnological approaches for its degradation. The paper discusses MPs sources, distribution, and transport in drinking water. In addition, it discusses the MPs identification in drinking water, and advances in biotechnological, metagenomics, system, and synthetic biology approaches for MPs degradation. Moreover, it discusses critically the major challenges associated with the MPs degradation in drinking water. Heterogeneity in the MPs size and shape makes it its identification difficult in the drinking water. Most of the methods available for MPs analysis are based on the dried samples analysis. Development of MPs in liquid samples may bring a breakthrough in the research. 2024 The Authors
Singhal B.; Kumar S.; Mehtab S.; Aggarwal U.; Kumar V.; Umesh M.; Chakraborty P.
Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Vol-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100640 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185445879&doi=10.1016%2fj.cscee.2024.100640&partnerID=40&md5=cf1d29c0fa5edca7f57a9b8afd8072cc
Singhal B., School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, U.P, Greater Noida, India; Kumar S., School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, U.P, Greater Noida, India; Mehtab S., Department of Chemistry, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India; Aggarwal U., Patanjali Research Institute, (Uttarakhand), Haridwar, India; Kumar V., Bioconversion and Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Chakraborty P., School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Whitefield, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560066, India
Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Artemisinin, an Anti-Malarial Drug from Artemisia annua L.
Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Artemisia annua; Artemisinin; bioreactor; cell suspension culture; elicitation
Artemisinin is an anti-malarial sesquiterpene lactone derived from Artemisia annua L. (Aster-aceae family). One of the most widely used modes of treatment for malaria is an artemisinin-based combination therapy. Artemisinin and its associated compounds have a variety of pharmacological qualities that have helped achieve economic prominence in recent years. So far, research on the biosynthesis of this bioactive metabolite has revealed that it is produced in glandular trichomes and that the genes responsible for its production must be overexpressed in order to meet demand. Using biotechnological applications such as tissue culture, genetic engineering, and bioreactor-based approaches would aid in the upregulation of artemisinin yield, which is needed for the future. The current review focuses on the tissue culture aspects of propagation of A. annua and production of artemisinin from A. annua L. cell and organ cultures. The review also focuses on elicitation strategies in cell and organ cultures, as well as artemisinin biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of biosynthetic genes in Artemisia and plant model systems. 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Al-Khayri J.M.; Sudheer W.N.; Lakshmaiah V.V.; Mukherjee E.; Nizam A.; Thiruvengadam M.; Nagella P.; Alessa F.M.; Al-Mssallem M.Q.; Rezk A.A.; Shehata W.F.; Attimarad M.
ISSN: 14203049; PubMed ID: 35566390; CODEN: MOLEF
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27093040 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130023077&doi=10.3390%2fmolecules27093040&partnerID=40&md5=487409d3bdbca310330b6f42faed392b
Al-Khayri J.M., Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Sudheer W.N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Lakshmaiah V.V., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Mukherjee E., Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, India; Nizam A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Thiruvengadam M., Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea; Nagella P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Alessa F.M., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Al-Mssallem M.Q., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Rezk A.A., Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Shehata W.F., Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Attimarad M., Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
Biotechnological Approaches For the IN - VITRO Production of L-DOPA From Callus Suspension Cultures of Mucuna Pruriens (L.) DC.
Plants are an important source of drugs to treat wide array of disorders due to the newlineproduction of various classes of secondary metabolites which are used as active ingredients to treat and cure diseases. One such commercially important metabolite known as 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is used to treat various central nervous system disorders like Dementia, Parkinson s, Alzheimer s, etc. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. belonging to Fabaceae family has been used since time immemorial to treat Parkinson s disease and the seeds are the main source of all herbal formulations to treat various disorders of nervous system and male newlinereproductive system. Though the metabolite is present in all parts of Mucuna, seeds possess newlinethe highest concentration and it has become a huge challenge to satisfy the emerging demand newlinefor L-DOPA. This is attributed to the conventional methods of extraction from the natural sources of Mucuna sps., which has a low germination rate, less viable seeds and an irritating, itching trichomes on the pods. The need for an alternative method with continuous supply of L-DOPA without affecting the natural biodiversity has been achieved through in-vitro procedures. But there hasn t been a systematic approach to optimize the cultural conditions for the optimal productivity. Hence in our study, we aimed at selecting an elite germplasm of Mucuna pruriens and growing them in-vitro, along with establishing a callus suspension newlineculture and optimizing the cultural conditions for high biomass and L-DOPA production. Callus was induced by supplementing various plant growth regulators like auxins (IAA, IBA, Picloram, NAA, 2,4-D), cytokinins (Kinetin, BAP, 2-iP and TDZ) and their combinations in different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L).
Biotechnological approaches for the production of camptothecin
Camptotheca acuminata; Camptothecin; Extraction; In vitro production; NothapodytesNimmoniana; Quantification
Abstract: Camptothecin (CPT), an indole alkaloid popular for its anticancer property, is considered the third most promising drug after taxol and famous alkaloids from Vinca for the treatment of cancer in humans. Camptothecin was first identified in Camptotheca acuminata followed by several other plant species and endophytic fungi. Increased harvesting driven by rising global demand is depleting the availability of elite plant genotypes, such as Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes nimmoniana, crucial for producing alkaloids used in treating diseases like cancer. Conservation of these genotypes for the future is imperative. Therefore, research on different plant tissue culture techniques such as cell suspension culture, hairy roots, adventitious root culture, elicitation strategies, and endophytic fungi has been adopted for the production of CPT to meet the increasing demand without affecting the source plants existence. Currently, another strategy to increase camptothecin yield by genetic manipulation is underway. The present review discusses the plants and endophytes that are employed for camptothecin production and throws light on the plant tissue culture techniques for the regeneration of plants, callus culture, and selection of cell lines for the highest camptothecin production. The review further explains the simple, accurate, and cost-effective extraction and quantification methods. There is enormous potential for the sustainable production of CPT which could be met by culturing of suitable endophytes or plant cell or organ culture in a bioreactor scale production. Also, different gene editing tools provide opportunities for engineering the biosynthetic pathway of CPT, and the overall CPT production can be improved. Key points: Camptothecin is a naturally occurring alkaloid with potent anticancer properties, primarily known for its ability to inhibit DNA topoisomerase I. Plants and endophytes offer a potential approach for camptothecin production. Biotechnology approaches like plant tissue culture techniques enhanced camptothecin production. The Author(s) 2024.
Banadka A.; Narasimha S.W.; Dandin V.S.; Naik P.M.; Vennapusa A.R.; Melmaiee K.; Vemanna R.S.; Al-Khayri J.M.; Thiruvengadam M.; Nagella P.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol-108, No. 1
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access
ISSN: 1757598; PubMed ID: 38896329; CODEN: AMBID
Banadka A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India; Narasimha S.W., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India; Dandin V.S., Department of Biology, JSS College, Dharwad, India; Naik P.M., Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Karnataka, Dharwad, 580003, India; Vennapusa A.R., Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, 19901, DE, United States; Melmaiee K., Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, 19901, DE, United States; Vemanna R.S., Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Regional Center for Biotechnology, Haryana, Faridabad, 121001, India; Al-Khayri J.M., Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al- Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Thiruvengadam M., Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Nagella P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 029, India
Biotechnological approaches for the production of gymnemic acid from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.
Cell suspension culture; Elicitation; Gymnema sylvestre; Gymnemic acid; Organ culture
Abstract : Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects several organs and can be treated using phytochemicals found in medicinal plants. Gymnema sylvestre (Asclepiadaceae) is one such medicinal plant rich in anti-diabetic properties. The plant is commonly known as madhunashini in Sanskrit because of its ability to cure diabetes (sugar). Gymnemic acid(GA) is a phytochemical (a triterpenoid saponin) responsible for the herbs main pharmacological activity. This secondary metabolite has a lot of potential as a phytochemical with pharmacological properties including nephroprotection, hypoglycemia, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Gymnema has acquired a lot of popularity in recent years due to its low side effects and high efficacy in healing diabetes, which has led to overexploitation by pharmaceutical enterprises for its biomass in the wild for the purification of gymnemic acid. Modern biotechnological techniques involving the establishment of cell and organ cultures from G. sylvestre will assist us in fulfilling the need for gymnemic acid production. The present review provides insights on the establishment of cell and organ cultures for the production of a potent antidiabetic molecule gymnemic acid. Further, the review also delves into the intricacies of the different strategies for improved production of gymnemic acid using various elicitors. There is huge potential for sustainable production of gymnemic acid which could be met by establishment of bioreactor scale production. Understanding and engineering the biosynthetic pathway could also lead to improved GA production. Key points: Gymnemic acid is one of the potential anti-diabetic molecules from madhunashini Cell and organ culture offers potential approach for gymnemic acid production Elicitation strategies have improved the gymnemic acid production Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Al-Khayri J.M.; Sudheer W.N.; Banadka A.; Lakshmaiah V.V.; Nagella P.; Al-Mssallem M.Q.; Alessa F.M.; Rezk A.A.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol-107, No. 14, pp. 4459-4469.
ISSN: 1757598; PubMed ID: 37266583; CODEN: AMBID
Al-Khayri J.M., Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Sudheer W.N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Banadka A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Lakshmaiah V.V., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Nagella P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Al-Mssallem M.Q., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Alessa F.M., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia; Rezk A.A., Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia