Extraction of preformed mixed phase graphene sheets from graphitized coal by fungal leaching
The potential use of coal as source of carbon nano structure is seldom investigated. Herein we report a facile fungal solubilization method to extract mixed phase carbon structure from low grade coal. Coal had been used as a primary source for the production of carbon nanostructure with novel property, in addition to its main utility as a fuel. The major hurdle in its application is the inherent mineral embedded in it. An environmentally benign demineralization procedure make coal as a widely accepted precursor for the novel carbon materials. With Aspergiilus niger leaching, the randomly oriented preformed crystalline mixed phase nanocarbon in coal can be extracted. Raman studies revealed the presence of E2g scattering mode of graphite. The sp3 domains at ~1355 cm-1 (D band) is an indication of diamond like structure with disorder or defect. In the 2D region, multilayer stacking of graphene layers is noticed. The ratio of the defect to graphitic bands was found to be decreasing with increasing rank of coal. Bio leaching of coal enhances the carbon content in coal while eliminating the associated minerals in it. These defected carbon is an ideal material for graphene quantum dots and carbon dots, which are useful in drug delivery and bio imaging applications. 2017, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Handbook of Research on Inventive Bioremediation Techniques, pp. 287-299.
Balachandran M., Christ University, India
Extraction of Web News from Web Pages Using a Ternary Tree Approach
pattern generation; Quality data; Ternary tree; unsupervised web extraction; Web extractors
The spread of information available in the World Wide Web, it appears that the pursuit of quality data is effortless and simple but it has been a significant matter of concern. Various extractors, wrappers systems with advanced techniques have been studied that retrieves the desired data from a collection of web pages. In this paper we propose a method for extracting the news content from multiple news web sites considering the occurrence of similar pattern in their representation such as date, place and the content of the news that overcomes the cost and space constraint observed in previous studies which work on single web document at a time. The method is an unsupervised web extraction technique which builds a pattern representing the structure of the pages using the extraction rules learned from the web pages by creating a ternary tree which expands when a series of common tags are found in the web pages. The pattern can then be used to extract news from other new web pages. The analysis and the results on real time web sites validate the effectiveness of our approach. 2015 IEEE.
Proceedings - 2015 2nd IEEE International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication Engineering, ICACCE 2015, pp. 628-633.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCE.2015.38 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959058384&doi=10.1109%2fICACCE.2015.38&partnerID=40&md5=895fc0ec9c1133ddadc762b704b9ea75
Laishram D., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, India; Sebastian M., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Christ University Faculty of Engineering, Bangalore, India
Extraction, characterization, and fabrication of cellulose biopolymer sheets from Pistia stratiotes as a biodegradative coating material: an unique strategy for the conversion of invasive weeds into value-added products
Alkali treatment; Biodegradation; Biopolymer coating; Cellulose; Water lettuce
This study explores the possibility of using Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) as a cost-effective substrate for the commercial extraction of cellulose biopolymer using a wide variety of physicochemical treatment methods to compare their efficiency in cellulose extraction. The extraction of cellulose from water lettuce, although promising due to their high cellulose content, was less explored as per the available literature. In this study, functional properties like bulk density-packed density, hydrated density, water retention capacity, oil retention capacity, emulsifying activity and setting volume of the extracted cellulose were studied. The cellulose content from water lettuce was found to be 38.94 0.10% by anthrone method. Preliminary confirmation of cellulose biopolymer was done using the study of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. Further characterization studies like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to understand the molecular architecture and purity of the cellulose extracted. Fabrication of cellulose sheets was carried out using starch as the plasticizer. Biodegradation studies were conducted in garden soil for four weeks and a high degradation rate of 78.22 0.71% was observed in the fourth week of soil burial. 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Umesh M.; Santhosh A.S.; Shanmugam S.; Thazeem B.; Alharbi S.A.; Almoallim H.S.; Chi N.T.L.; Pugazhendhi A.
Journal of Polymers and the Environment, Vol-30, No. 12, pp. 5057-5068.
Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Santhosh A.S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Shanmugam S., Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56, Tartu, 51006, Estonia; Thazeem B., Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Kerala, Palakkad, India; Alharbi S.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box - 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Almoallim H.S., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia; Chi N.T.L., School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Pugazhendhi A., Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Extractive Text Summarization Using Sentence Ranking
abstractive text summarization; Automatic text summarization; extractive summarization; sentence extraction; term weight
Automatic Text summarization is the technique to identify the most useful and necessary information in a text. It has two approaches 1)Abstractive text summarization and 2)Extractive text summarization. An extractive text summarization means an important information or sentence are extracted from the given text file or original document. In this paper, a novel statistical method to perform an extractive text summarization on single document is demonstrated. The method extraction of sentences, which gives the idea of the input text in a short form, is presented. Sentences are ranked by assigning weights and they are ranked based on their weights. Highly ranked sentences are extracted from the input document so it extracts important sentences which directs to a high-quality summary of the input document and store summary as audio. 2019 IEEE.
2019 International Conference on Data Science and Communication, IconDSC 2019
https://doi.org/10.1109/IconDSC.2019.8817040 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072766280&doi=10.1109%2fIconDSC.2019.8817040&partnerID=40&md5=3f20c742f944f976c8cd964afb33f4f0
Madhuri J.N., Dept. of Computer science and Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India; Ganesh Kumar R., Dept. of Computer science and Engineering, CHRIST, Deemed to be University, Bangalore, India
Extremal reformulated forgotten index of trees, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs
bicyclic graphs; reformulated forgotten index; trees; unicyclic graphs
The reformulated forgotten index (RF) is the edge version of the ordinary forgotten index. We describe graph transformations, by means of which RF increases or decreases. Using these transformations, the trees, unicyclic, and bicyclic graphs extremal w.r.t. RF are characterized. 2024, University of Nis. All rights reserved.
https://doi.org/10.2298/FIL2401025S https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173984130&doi=10.2298%2fFIL2401025S&partnerID=40&md5=81c8cefc8c4d2c3361ab083390260a88
Sarkar I., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Nanjappa M., Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Gutman I., Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
Extremal Trees oftheReformulated andtheEntire Zagreb Indices
First entire Zagreb index; Forgotten Zagreb index; Hyper Zagreb index first reformulated Zagreb index; Molecular graph; Second reformulated Zagreb index; Topological index
The first reformulated Zagreb index of trees can take any even positive integer greater than 8, whereas the second reformulated Zagreb index of trees can take all positive integers greater than 47 with a few exceptional values less than 8 and 47, respectively. The entire Zagreb index is defined in terms of edge degrees and incorporates the idea of intermolecular forces between atoms along with atoms and bonds. This intricate significance of studying the entire Zagreb index led to the generalization of the first entire Zagreb index of trees. The inverse problem on the first entire Zagreb of trees gives the existence of a tree for any even positive integer greater than 46. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2024.
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol-844, pp. 389-403.
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Asok A., Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Kureethara J.V., Christ University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
Extreme photometric and polarimetric variability of blazar S4 0954+65 at its maximum optical and ?-ray brightness levels
BL Lacertae objects: general; BL Lacertae objects: individual: S4 0954+65; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets
In 2022 the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 underwent a major variability phase, reaching its historical maximum brightness in the optical and ?-ray bands. We present optical photometric and polarimetric data acquired by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration from 2022 April 6 to July 6. Many episodes of unprecedented fast variability were detected, implying an upper limit to the size of the emitting region as low as parsec. The WEBT data show rapid variability in both the degree and angle of polarization. We analyse different models to explain the polarization behaviour in the framework of a twisting jet model, which assumes that the long-term trend of the flux is produced by variations in the emitting region viewing angle. All the models can reproduce the average trend of the polarization degree, and can account for its general anticorrelation with the flux, but the dispersion of the data requires the presence of intrinsic mechanisms, such as turbulence, shocks, or magnetic reconnection. The WEBT optical data are compared to ?-ray data from the Fermi satellite. These are analysed with both fixed and adaptive binning procedures. We show that the strong correlation between optical and ?-ray data without measurable delay assumes different slopes in faint and high brightness states, and this is compatible with a scenario where in faint states we mainly see the imprint of the geometrical effects, while in bright states the synchrotron self-Compton process dominates. 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
Raiteri C.M.; Villata M.; Carnerero M.I.; Savchenko S.S.; Kurtanidze S.O.; Vlasyuk V.V.; Marchini A.; Matsumoto K.; Lorey C.; Joner M.D.; Gazeas K.; Carosati D.; Mirzaqulov D.O.; Acosta Pulido J.A.; Agudo I.; Bachev R.; Benez E.; Borman G.A.; Calcidese P.; Chen W.P.; Damljanovic G.; Ehgamberdiev S.A.; Elsser D.; Feige M.; Frasca A.; Gaur H.; Grishina T.S.; Gupta A.C.; Hiriart D.; Holland M.; Horst B.; Ibryamov S.; Ivanidze R.Z.; Jensen J.; Jithesh V.; Jovanovic M.D.; Kiehlmann S.; Kimeridze G.N.; Kishore S.; Kopatskaya E.N.; Kurtanidze O.M.; Larionova E.G.; Lin H.C.; Mannheim K.; Marinelli C.; Moreira Reyes J.; Morozova D.A.; Nikolashvili M.G.; Reinhart D.; Romanov F.D.; Semkov E.; Seufert J.; Shishkina E.V.; Sigua L.A.; Skalidis R.; Spiridonova O.I.; Stojanovic M.; Strigachev A.; Troitskaya Y.V.; Troitskiy I.S.; Tsai A.; Vasilyev A.A.; Vince O.; Vrontaki K.; Wani K.; Watts D.; Zhovtan A.V.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol-526, No. 3, pp. 4502-4513.
All Open Access; Green Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3064 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175616458&doi=10.1093%2fmnras%2fstad3064&partnerID=40&md5=ff3a5f13eeb265cc3a2cf7e87ce41868
Raiteri C.M., Inaf, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese, I-10025, Italy; Villata M., Inaf, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese, I-10025, Italy; Carnerero M.I., Inaf, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, Pino Torinese, I-10025, Italy; Savchenko S.S., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation, Special Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nyzhnij Arkhyz,Circassia,Karachai, 369167, Russian Federation, Pulkovo Observatory, St. Petersburg, 196140, Russian Federation; Kurtanidze S.O., Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Georgia; Vlasyuk V.V., Special Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nyzhnij Arkhyz,Circassia,Karachai, 369167, Russian Federation; Marchini A., Astronomical Observatory, University of Siena, Siena, I-53100, Italy; Matsumoto K., Astronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, 582-8582, Japan; Lorey C., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany; Joner M.D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, N283 Esc, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, UT, United States; Gazeas K., Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Athens, GR-15784, Greece; Carosati D., Ept Observatories, Tijarafe, La Palma, E-38780, Spain, Inaf, Tng Fundaci Galileo Galilei, La Palma, E-38712, Spain; Mirzaqulov D.O., Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Astronomy Street 33, Tashkent, 100052, Uzbekistan; Acosta Pulido J.A., Instituto de Astrofica de Canarias (IAC), Tenerife, La Laguna, E-38200, Spain, Departamento de Astrofica, Universidad de la Laguna (ULL), Tenerife, La Laguna, E-38206, Spain; Agudo I., Instituto de Astrofica de Andaluc (CSIC), Apartado 3004, Granada, E-18080, Spain; Bachev R., Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko shosse Blvd., Sofia, 1784, Bulgaria; Benez E., Instituto de Astronom, Universidad Nacional Automa de Mico, AP 70-264, CDMX, 04510, Mexico; Borman G.A., Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Ras, P/O, 298409, Russian Federation; Calcidese P., Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Nus, I-11020, Italy; Chen W.P., Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Damljanovic G., Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia; Ehgamberdiev S.A., Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Astronomy Street 33, Tashkent, 100052, Uzbekistan, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100174, Uzbekistan; Elsser D., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany, Technische Universit Dortmund, Dortmund, D-44221, Germany; Feige M., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany; Frasca A., Inaf, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania, I-95123, Italy; Gaur H., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India; Grishina T.S., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Gupta A.C., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India; Hiriart D., Instituto de Astronom, Universidad Nacional Automa de Mico, AP 106, Baja California, Ensenada, 22800, Mexico; Holland M., Department of Physics and Astronomy, N283 Esc, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, UT, United States; Horst B., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany; Ibryamov S., Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen, 115, Universitetska Str., Shumen, 9712, Bulgaria; Ivanidze R.Z., Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Georgia; Jensen J., Department of Physics and Astronomy, N283 Esc, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, UT, United States; Jithesh V., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Hosur Main Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Jovanovic M.D., Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia; Kiehlmann S., Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Vasilika Vouton, Heraklion, GR-70013, Greece, Department of Physics, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, Heraklion, GR-70013, Greece; Kimeridze G.N., Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Georgia; Kishore S., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India; Kopatskaya E.N., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Kurtanidze O.M., Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Georgia, Engelhardt Astronomical Observatory, Kazan Federal University, Tatarstan, Russian Federation; Larionova E.G., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Lin H.C., Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Mannheim K., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany, Universit Wzburg, Wzburg, D-97074, Germany; Marinelli C., Dip. di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e Dell'Ambiente, Universitdi Siena, via Roma 56, Siena, I-53100, Italy; Moreira Reyes J., Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, 06320, CT, United States; Morozova D.A., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Nikolashvili M.G., Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Georgia; Reinhart D., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany, Universit Wzburg, Wzburg, D-97074, Germany; Romanov F.D., Aavso Observer, Russian Federation, Remote Observer of Burke-Gaffney Observatory, Canada; Semkov E., Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko shosse Blvd., Sofia, 1784, Bulgaria; Seufert J., Hans-Haffner-Sternwarte (Hettstadt), Naturwissenschaftliches Labor f Scher, Friedrich-Koenig-Gymnasium, Wzburg, D-97082, Germany; Shishkina E.V., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Sigua L.A., Abastumani Observatory, Mt. Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301, Georgia; Skalidis R., Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, 91125, CA, United States; Spiridonova O.I., Special Astrophysical Observatory of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nyzhnij Arkhyz,Circassia,Karachai, 369167, Russian Federation; Stojanovic M., Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia; Strigachev A., Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko shosse Blvd., Sofia, 1784, Bulgaria; Troitskaya Y.V., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Troitskiy I.S., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Tsai A., Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Vasilyev A.A., Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; Vince O., Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, Belgrade, 11060, Serbia; Vrontaki K., Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografos, Athens, GR-15784, Greece; Wani K., Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital, 263001, India; Watts D., Department of Physics and Astronomy, N283 Esc, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, UT, United States; Zhovtan A.V., Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Ras, P/O, 298409, Russian Federation
Extricating the Association Between the Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer; Haematology; Lymph node metastasis; Staging
Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the recurring and lethal gastrointestinal tract disease rankings as the primary cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. In general, the tumour node metastasis (TNM) and Dukes classification assist in diagnosis, prognosis and treatments of CRC along with haematological examinations and tumour demographic characterisations in patients. Methods: The present investigation is carried out on clinically acknowledged sixty-five CRC patients based on haematological findings and are sorted into stages using TNM and Dukes. The present study is to find the association between haematological findings, demographic characters, differentiation position, lymph node invasion and tumour node metastasis in CRC patients in accordance with their age. Results: We observed significant (p < 0.05) nexus between lymph node metastasis and tumour node metastasis on the basis of tumours differentiation demographic positioning and age of the individuals. Conclusion: Earlier location tracing and medicinal treatment or surgery lessen the chance of CRC morbidity and mortality along with prolonging survival rate via prognostic factors and disease position determination. 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Mohd Y.; Balasubramanian B.; Meyyazhagan A.; Kuchi Bhotla H.; Shanmugam S.K.; Ramesh Kumar M.K.; Pappusamy M.; Alagamuthu K.K.; Keshavarao S.; Arumugam V.A.
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Vol-52, No. 3, pp. 1022-1028.
Mohd Y., Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India; Balasubramanian B., Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 461046, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea; Meyyazhagan A., Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 461046, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India; Kuchi Bhotla H., Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 461046, Tamil Nadu, India; Shanmugam S.K., Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 461046, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Animal Resource and Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea; Ramesh Kumar M.K., Department of General Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, 607403, India; Pappusamy M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, Karnataka, India; Alagamuthu K.K., Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 461046, Tamil Nadu, India, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Keshavarao S., Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 461046, Tamil Nadu, India; Arumugam V.A., Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
Extrinsic electronic states to tune the luminescence and bonding nature of Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite
Double perovskites; Electron density analysis; Red phosphors; Transition metals doped phosphors
Halide double perovskites have been extensively investigated in recent years as more stable and environmentally friendly materials with significant optoelectronic properties. Herein, we introduce Mn2+ ions in the Cs2NaInCl6 lattice to impart new electronic pathways to the otherwise weak optically active double perovskite for tuning its luminescent behaviour. X-ray diffraction, Raman, UVvisible, Photoluminescence (PL), and timeresolved PL (TRPL) spectroscopy are used to investigate the effect of Mn 2+ feed ratio on structural, vibrational, and optical properties. The chemical environment and surface morphology of the Mn2+ ions doped Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite were investigated using X-ray photoelectron (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopies, and scanning electron microscopy. Results of the Rietveld refinement and Raman spectra divulge a decrease in In-Cl and Na-Cl bond length upon Mn2+ incorporation. The microstructure of the Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskite system was also studied using HRTEM analysis. UVvisible studies demonstrated a tremendous increase in absorption and a slight increase in band gap upon Mn2+ doping. PL and TRPL measurements of Mn2+: Cs2NaInCl6 discloses its red luminescence at 614 nm corresponding to the d-d atomic transition of Mn2+ with a long lifetime of 2.1 ms. Electron density investigations using maximum entropy method (MEM) demonstrate clear evolution of In-Cl and Na-Cl bonds from a highly ionic nature in pure Cs2NaInCl6 to strong covalent nature in Mn2+: Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskites. This affirms the simultaneous replacement of In, Na ions by Mn2+ to maintain charge neutrality in the compound and tune the electronic states of the Cs2NaInCl6 system. 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Jeevaraj M.; Sivaganesh D.; Saravanakumar S.; Bahadur S.A.; Sudhahar S.; Kumar M.K.
Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol-311
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128569 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174580187&doi=10.1016%2fj.matchemphys.2023.128569&partnerID=40&md5=9dca240b7c5df73a105c6a4310052539
Jeevaraj M., Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to Be University), Krishnan Koil, Tamil Nadu, 626 126, India; Sivaganesh D., Department of Physical Techniques and Devices for Quality Control Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620 002, Russian Federation; Saravanakumar S., Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to Be University), Krishnan Koil, Tamil Nadu, 626 126, India; Bahadur S.A., Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to Be University), Krishnan Koil, Tamil Nadu, 626 126, India; Sudhahar S., Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Tamil Nadu, Karaikudi, 630 003, India; Kumar M.K., Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560 029, India
Extrinsic pseudocapacitance: Tapering the borderline between pseudocapacitive and battery type electrode materials for energy storage applications
Batteries; Energy storage; Extrinsic pseudocapacitance; Hybrid energy storage devices; Pseudocapacitance; Supercapacitor
Extrinsic pseudocapacitance, which can also be referred to as induced pseudocapacitance, is, at present, one of the most widely explored fields in energy storage. Extrinsic pseudocapacitive mechanism can be imparted to an otherwise diffusion-controlled faradaic energy storage material by external methods like size engineering, compositional modification, doping, anion intercalation, and morphological modifications. As a significant mechanism that plays a borderline role between battery-type and pseudocapacitive nature of energy storage, extrinsic pseudocapacitance tends to narrow down the boundary between these conventionally diverse systems, which in turn would contribute a lot to the development of hybrid energy storage technologies. For effective utilization in upcoming energy storage technologies, a critical analysis on the effect of this mechanism on reported devices shall turn into a valid account. This review gives a detailed insight into extrinsic pseudocapacitance, its significance, and recently reported materials, methods, and devices. The future outlook and challenges in transforming extrinsic pseudocapacitive mechanisms into a promising strategy for next-generation energy storage devices are also discussed. 2023 Elsevier Ltd
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109292 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85174438814&doi=10.1016%2fj.est.2023.109292&partnerID=40&md5=e84fc3edd5e662961738992ebad2a4d8
George J., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Balachandran M., Department of Physics and Electronics, Christ (Deemed To Be University), Bangalore, 560029, India
Eye blink detection using CNN to detect drowsiness level in drivers for road safety
Convolution neural network; Cross entropy; Deep learning; Dlib; Eye blink; Mobilenet V2; RMSProp
Blinking is a regular bodily function and it is the semiautomatic fast closing of the eyelid. A specific blink is examined by dynamic folding of the eyelid. It is a vital function of the eye which helps in spread of tears across and eliminates irritants from the shallow of cornea. In this research work we made use of convolution neural network, the deep learning concepts and image processing to detect drowsiness level in drivers. To train the blink detection model the mobilenet V2 is used as base. The loss function used for training was RMSprop and the optimizer is binary cross entropy. The dlib facial landmark was exploited to perceive and pre-process the detected faces. The dataset used for the training model is selected from the Xiaoyang Tan of nanjing university of aeronautics and astronautics. Based on the experimental outcome the projected method achieves an accuracy of 97%. The prototype developed serves as a base for further development of this process to achieve better road safety. 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
Vishesh P.; Raghavendra S.; Jankatti S.K.; Rekha V.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vol-22, No. 1, pp. 222-231.
Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp159-167 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104192502&doi=10.11591%2fijeecs.v22.i1.pp159-167&partnerID=40&md5=dfd210eefc3173d59c0cd6f6b6295ffd
Vishesh P., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST Deemed to be University, India; Raghavendra S., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST Deemed to be University, India; Jankatti S.K., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KSSEM, VTU, India; Rekha V., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST Deemed to be University, India
Eye-Tracking Measures in Aviation: A Selective Literature Review
Objective: The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive review of eye-tracking measures and discuss different application areas of the method of eye tracking in the field of aviation. Background: Psychophysiological measures such as eye tracking in pilots are useful for detecting fatigue or high-workload conditions, for investigating motion sickness and hypoxia, or for assessing display improvements and expertise. Method: We review the uses of eye tracking on pilots and include eye-tracking studies published in aviation journals, with both a historical and contemporary view. We include 79 papers and assign the results to the following three categories: Human performance, aircraft design, health and physiological factors affecting performance. We then summarize the different uses of eye tracking in each category and highlight metrics which turned out to be useful in each area. Our review is complementary to that of Ziv (2016). Results: On the basis of these analyses, we propose useful application areas for the measurement of eye tracking. Eye tracking has the potential to be effective in terms of preventing errors or injuries by detecting, for example, fatigue or performance decrements. Applied in an appropriate manner in simulated or real flight it can help to ensure optimal functioning of manmachine systems. Conclusion: Further aviation psychology and aerospace medicine research will benefit from measurement of eye movements. 2018, 2018 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, Vol-28, No. 45750, pp. 98-112.
Pei S., Department of Psychology, Leopold Franzens University, Innsbruck, Austria; Wickens C.D., Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Baruah R., Rithi Baruah, Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bengalore, India
Eye-Vision Net: Cataract Detection and Classification in Retinal and Slit Lamp Images using Deep Network
Aquila optimization; Be-resnet101; Cataract detection; Crnn; Dense cnn; Grade classification
In the modern world, cataracts are the predominant cause of blindness. Early treatment and detection can reduce the number of cataract patients and prevent surgery. However, cataract grade classification is necessary to control risk and avoid blindness. Previously, various studies focused on developing a system to detect cataract type and grade. However, the existing works on cataract detection does not provide optimal results because of high detection error, lack of learning ability, computational complexity issues, etc. Therefore, the proposed work aims to develop an effective deep learning techniques for detecting and classifying cataracts from the given input samples. Here, the cataract detection and classification are performed using two phases. In order to provide an accurate cataract detection, the proposed study introduced Deep Optimized Convolutional Recurrent Network_Improved Aquila Optimization (Deep OCRN_IAO) model in phase I. Here, both retinal and slit lamp images are utilized for cataract detection. Then, the performance of these two image datasets are analysed, and the best one is chosen for cataract type and grade classification. By analysing the performance, the slit lamp images attain higher results. Therefore, phase II uses slit lamp images and detects the type and grade of cataracts through the proposed Batch Equivalence ResNet-101 (BE_ResNet101) model. The proposed classification model is highly efficient to classify the type and grades of cataracts. The experimental setup is done using MATLAB software, and the datasets used for simulation purposes are DRIMDB (Diabetic Retinopathy Images Database) and real-time slit lamp images. The proposed type and grade detection model has an accuracy of 98.87%, specificity of 99.66%, the sensitivity of 98.28%, Youden index of 95.04%, Kappa of 97.83%, and F1-score is 95.68%. The obtained results and comparative analysis proves that the proposed model is highly suitable for cataract detection and classification. 2022, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. All Rights Reserved.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol-13, No. 12, pp. 211-221.
Saju B., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Rajesh R., Department of Computer Science, Christ (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
f(Q) gravity as a possible resolution of the H0 and S8 tensions with DESI DR2
CMB; DESI DR2; f(Q) gravity; Gravitational wave data; H0; S8 tension
The symmetric teleparallel framework brings about the possibility of alleviating cosmological tensions. The current burning issue in cosmological studies is the increase in discrepancies in measurements from several surveys. Here, we have focused on and tensions, which are important factors in describing the evolution of the Universe from primordial perturbation to late-time acceleration. Additionally, the consistency of the sound horizon is verified against the Planck results. The gravity model is constrained using recently obtained data. Implementing gravitational wave data to study late-time acceleration is one of the key features of our study. Since standard sirens show promising results, the implementation of gravitational waves to probe dark energy is an interesting study. Through our work, we introduce this possibility by performing statistical MCMC analysis for late-time cosmological evolution. Also, the and tensions are explored utilizing gravitational wave data alongside other prominent datasets, such as the latest DESI BAO, redshift space distortion, cosmic chronometers, Pantheon+SH0ES, and cosmic microwave background data. With the results obtained, we analyzed the profile of cosmological parameters. Finally, the study presents the tension of the model with observations, which is found to have a much lower magnitude compared to the current trend. Thus, the considered f(Q) model alleviates tension, making it the best candidate for further investigation. The Author(s) 2025.
Kavya, N.S.; Swagat Mishra, Sai; Sahoo, P.K.
Scientific Reports;Volume;15;Issue;1;Article No.;36504;
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-23502-0 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105019406075?origin=resultslist
Kavya N.S., Center for Mathematical Needs, Department of Mathematics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560029, India; Swagat Mishra S., Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana, Hyderabad, 500078, India; Sahoo P.K., Department of Mathematics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Medchal District, Telangana, Hyderabad, 500078, India
Fabrication and Applications of Wrinkled Soft Substrates: An Overview
Responsive surfaces; Soft substrates; Surface morphology; Topographical pattern; Wrinkles
Morphology of soft materials, including those of natural systems has great influence in controlling their surface functionalities and responses to external stimuli. Surface morphological features of natural soft systems are produced through controlled cell growth and tissue growth. Artificial systems capable of emulating the morphology-dependent physicochemical responses of natural soft substrates can be prepared through various methods such as surface oxidation, thermal stress, compressive stress, etc. Wrinkling is an important morphological irregularity on soft substrates which can be leveraged in this direction. Wrinkling in artificial soft systems can be achieved through several experimental strategies such as compressive stress, thermal stress, surface oxidation, etc. The tunable, reversible and responsive nature of wrinkled soft substrates make them a potential tool for numerous applications in electronics, optics, adhesives, etc. In this review, have briefly summarized and commented on recent developments in different types of wrinkled soft substrates, their preparation, and emergent applications. 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Raj S.S.; Mathew R.M.; Nair Y.; Aruna S.T.; Vinod T.P.
https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202200714 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128868689&doi=10.1002%2fslct.202200714&partnerID=40&md5=cd6dcc67a5a25ae6b878579aed82e7b1
Raj S.S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Mathew R.M., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Nair Y., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Aruna S.T., Surface Engineering Division, CSIR National Aerospace Laboratories, HAL Airport Road, Bangalore, 560017, India; Vinod T.P., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
Fabrication and Characterization of AA7050 Nano Composites by Enhancing Directional Properties for High Impact Load Applications
AA7050; Characterization; Directional properties; Fabrication; High impact load; Nanocomposites
The demand for materials with superior strength and impact resistance has driven the exploration of innovative composite materials. In this research, Al 7050 is chosen as the matrix material due to its excellent mechanical properties, whereas SiC and graphene nanoparticles are incorporated to tailor its directional strength characteristics. The fabrication process involves the synthesis of Al7050 nanocomposites through a meticulous blending of nanoparticles with the matrix material. The characterization phase encompasses a comprehensive analysis of various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mechanical testing. The results shows that the directional strength improvements achieved through SiC and graphene nanoparticle reinforcement with Al7050. The tensile strength of the aluminum in the AA7050-7.5g composite rose from 185.3 to 256.1MPa upon the addition of SiC and graphene. The findings of this study contribute to the evolving field of nanocomposite materials, offering insights into the design and development of advanced materials tailored for specific directional strength requirements. The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D
Nagaraja T.K., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Jangam S., Department of Mechanical and Automobile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D;Volume;106;Issue;2;pp.1235-1243
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-024-00743-3 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85192099585?origin=resultslist
Fabrication of anchored complexes as electrodes for sensing heavy metal ions by electrochemical method
DNAzyme functionalized nanoparticle; Ion-imprinted polymers; Molecularly imprinted polymers
Anchored coordination complexes as electrochemical sensors play a significant role in the modern era. It is evident that this becomes a fact on account of their practical convenience. Furthermore, they have unlimited scope in ecological, therapeutic, experimental and biomedical applications. It has been observed that 165 such papers have reported on anchored complexes for electrochemical sensing during the past two years. While human vitality is rigorously threatened by heavy metal ions today, numerous trials are restrained for screening these in nature. This retrace highlights the electro analytical methods and the masterpiece contribution of anchored coordination complexes as electrochemical sensors for the identification of heavy metals such as indium, uranium, lead, beryllium, and mercury in 2015 and 2016. 2017, Oriental Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Oriental Journal of Chemistry, Vol-33, No. 3, pp. 1438-1446.
https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330346 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025817122&doi=10.13005%2fojc%2f330346&partnerID=40&md5=7bca3cb263c5f8ef0ef21a33ae20a495
Jose J., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Datta R., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Sreeja P.B., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
Fabrication of biopolymeric sheets using cellulose extracted from water hyacinth and its application studies for reactive red dye removal
Biodegradation; Biopolymer; Cellulose; Dye removal; Reactive red; Water hyacinth
Driven by the imperative need for sustainable and biodegradable materials, this study focuses on two pivotal aspects: cellulose extraction and dye removal. The alarming repercussions of non-biodegradable food packaging materials on health and the environment necessitate the exploration of viable alternatives. Herein, we embark on creating easily degradable biopolymer substitutes, achieved through innovative crafting of a biodegradable cellulose sheet sourced from extracted cellulose. Concurrently, the significant environmental and health hazards posed by textile industry discharge of wastewater laden with persistent dyes demand innovative treatment strategies. This study extensively investigated four distinct methods of cellulose extraction from water hyacinth, a complex aquatic weed. The functional groups, crystallinity index, thermal stability, thermal effects, and morphology of the extracted cellulose were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM. This exploration yielded a notable outcome, as the most promising yield (39.4 0.02% w/w) emerged using 2% sodium chlorite and 2% glacial acetic acid as bleaching agents, surpassing other methods. Building on this foundational cellulose extraction process, the extracted fibers were transformed into highly biodegradable cellulose sheets, outlining conventional packaging materials. Moreover, these cellulose sheets exhibit exceptional efficacy in adsorbing reactive red dye, with the adsorption capacity of 71.43 mg/g by following pseudo-second kinetics. This study establishes an economically viable avenue for repurposing challenging aquatic weeds into commercially valuable biopolymers. The potential of these sheets for dye removal, coupled with their innate biodegradability, opens auspicious avenues for broader applications encompassing commercial wastewater treatment procedures. 2023 Elsevier Inc.
Sankar Santhosh A.; Umesh M.; Kariyadan S.; Suresh S.; Salmen S.H.; Ali Alharb S.; Shanmugam S.
ISSN: 139351; PubMed ID: 37866534; CODEN: ENVRA
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117466 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175034835&doi=10.1016%2fj.envres.2023.117466&partnerID=40&md5=73a7ae18d01619d1ec352fdc549f3585
Sankar Santhosh A., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Kariyadan S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Suresh S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Salmen S.H., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Ali Alharb S., Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Shanmugam S., Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
Fabrication of bismuth ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped graphene quantum dots composite for high performance supercapacitors
Asymmetric supercapacitor; Bismuth ferrite; Graphene quantum dots; Graphitic carbon nitride; Nanocomposite
Supercapacitors are potential energy storage devices with a broad range of applications. In this study, we are investigating a bismuth ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped graphene quantum dots composite as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. XRD patterns of the composite exhibit the different crystalline phases of the individual component and confirm the rhombohedral structure of the composite. The wafer-like structure of bismuth ferrite is produced via hydrothermal technique supported on 2D structures viz. graphitic carbon nitride and N-doped graphene quantum dots. Compared to bismuth ferrite and bismuth ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) binary composite, the bismuth ferrite/g-CN/N-doped graphene quantum dots demonstrates a superior specific capacitance of 1472 F g?1 at 1 A g?1 current density. After 3000 charging-discharging cycles, the device maintains its cycling stability with 87% capacitance retention. A supercapacitor device is assembled utilizing bismuth ferrite/graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped graphene quantum dots and activated carbon as electrodes. This device shows a significantly improved performance with an energy density of 53.1 Wh kg?1 and a power density of 705.4 W kg?1. As a result, the composite electrode developed in this study is proved to be a potential electrode material for high-performance energy storage devices. 2022
Shalini Reghunath B.; Rajasekaran S.; Devi K R S.; Saravanakumar B.; William J.J.; Pinheiro D.; Govindarajan D.; Kheawhom S.
Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol-171
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2022.110985 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138124473&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpcs.2022.110985&partnerID=40&md5=ae344d980d72316e819df1c1072c2bb4
Shalini Reghunath B., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Rajasekaran S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Devi K R S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Saravanakumar B., Department of Physics, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, Pollachi, 642003, India; William J.J., Department of Physics, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, Pollachi, 642003, India; Pinheiro D., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Govindarajan D., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Kheawhom S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Research Unit of Advanced Materials for Energy Storage, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Bio-Circular-Green-economy Technology & Engineering Center (BCGeTEC), Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand