ML in drug delivery-current scenario and future trends
Machine learning (ML) has enabled transformative applications and emerged as a domain-agnostic decision-making tool as a virtue of its rapid democratization. The authors believe that a systematic assortment of important publications on this issue is indispensable in this context. In terms of data ingestion, data curation, data preprocessing, data handling, and model cross-validation, this review gathers together several studies that have demonstrated a minimum ML framework approach. In general, ML models are described as black-box models, with limited information supplied about their transparency. The authors propose techniques based on the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s current good ML practice (GMLP) in order to improve the ML framework and minimize the aforementioned gap, especially for data. Considering this, the conversation around a model's logic and interpretability are additionally provided. Explicitly, the authors explore the challenges and constraints that ML execution confronts throughout the development of pharmaceuticals. In this context, a structural approach in statistics is presented to allow the scientist to assess the quality of data and incorporate important ideas and techniques that would be implemented in modern ML. The data analytics tetrahedron proposed here can be applied to data of any size. To further contextualize, selected case studies capturing good practices are highlighted to provide pharmaceutical scientists, pharmaceutical ML enthusiasts, readers, reviewers, and regulatory authorities an exposure to fundamental and cuttingedge techniques of ML and data science with respect to chemistry, manufacture, and control (CMC) of drug products. In addition, the authors believe that leveraging ML within CMC procedures can assist in improving decision-making, increasing quality, and enhancing the speed of pharmaceutical product development. IOP Publishing Ltd 2023. All rights reserved.
Muthudoss P.; Ali H.; Ramasamy G.; Allada R.; Fink E.; Kalaiselvan V.; Jayakrishnan B.; Shahane S.; Ramalingam M.; Kanakaraj L.; Kaliappan I.; Paudel A.
Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Healthcare: From concept to clinic, pp. 9-.
Muthudoss P., A2Z4.0 Research and Analytics Private Limited, Chennai, 600062, India; Ali H., Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Ramasamy G., Christ University, Bangalore, 560029, India; Allada R., Novugen Pharma (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Hicomglenmarie Industrial Park, 3, Jalan Jururancang U1/21, Selangor, 40150, Malaysia; Fink E., Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, Graz, 8010, Austria; Kalaiselvan V., Indian Pharmacopoeia, Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Sector 23, Rajnagar, 201002, India; Jayakrishnan B., Business School, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai Campus, Kekottaiyur, 600127, India; Shahane S., The Machine Learning Company, Maharashtra, India; Ramalingam M., Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Chennai, 603103, India; Kanakaraj L., Chettinad School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Chennai, 603103, India; Kaliappan I., SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India; Paudel A., Graz University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13/3, Graz, 8010, Austria
Enhancing language teaching materials through artificial intelligence: Opportunities and challenges
Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) into language education signifies a paradigm shift that promotes originality and inclusiveness. The partnership between AI developers and educators effectively tackles obstacles and establishes a foundation for continuous progress. Anticipating the future, the progression of AI holds the potential to deliver intricate customization, customizing educational encounters to suit the unique requirements of each individual. Responsible incorporation of AI into teaching methodologies transforms them into a collaborative model that empowers educators to engage in individualized interactions. Ethics remain of the utmost importance, encompassing bias mitigation and privacy. In essence, the integration of AI into language education signifies an impending era in which the combined powers of technology and human proficiency foster the development of capable individuals who are prepared to navigate an interconnected, digitally globalized society. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
AI in Language Teaching, Learning, and Assessment, pp. 22-42.
Singha S., Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), India; Singha R., Christ University, India; Jasmine E., Indian Institute of Psychology and Research, India
The digital transformation: Crafting customer engagement strategies for success
In the business world, the digital transformation has ushered in an era of unprecedented change. The explosive growth of digital technology over the past three decades has profoundly changed how businesses operate, compete, and engage with their customers. Businesses across industries have been forced to navigate this constantly changing environment due to the adoption of cloud computing, data analytics, the growth of e-commerce, and the rise of artificial intelligence. Organizations are forced to reconsider their strategies, operations, and consumer engagement models as a result of this significant instability. This chapter discusses the role of artificial intelligence in aiding customised and personalized marketing strategies, acknowledging the diverse preferences and behaviour of consumers. It shares insights on branding and customer management in an AI-driven environment. It also emphasises on online and technology-mediated customer engagement. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Digital Technologies, Ethics, and Decentralization in the Digital Era, pp. 80-98.
Yadav G.N.S., Christ University, India; Seranmadevi R., Christ University, India
Impact of visual hierarchy on user experience in e-commerce websites
The primary aim of this book chapter is to propose a model that explains the influence of four elements of visual hierarchy-colour, size, alignment, and font/characters-on the user experience of e-commerce websites. The study's sample comprised 312 customers of e-commerce websites, with the four elements of visual hierarchy as independent variables, and the user experience of e-commerce websites as dependent variable. To analyze the data obtained from e-commerce website users, the researchers employed structural equation modeling to assess the relationships. The results of the analysis showed that the proposed model had acceptable fit indices and all the four elements of visual hierarchy had a positive impact on the user experience of e-commerce websites. While this book chapter examined the individual contributions of visual hierarchy elements, investigating how different combinations of visual hierarchy elements influence user experience could provide insights into optimal design strategies for e-commerce websites. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Raghavendra A.N.; Vijayakumar G.; Thalari S.K.
Contemporary Trends in Innovative Marketing Strategies, pp. 141-156.
Raghavendra A.N., CHRIST University (Deemed), India; Vijayakumar G., Ramaiah Institute of Technology, India; Thalari S.K., CMR Institute of Technology, India
Automated neurological brain disease detection in magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning approaches
A neurological type of brain disease called multiple sclerosis (MS) impairs how well the nervous system is able to function efficiently and causes people to experience visual, sensory, and problems with movement. Multiple methods of detection have been proposed so far for diagnosing MS; among them, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has drawn a lot of interest from healthcare providers. The ability to quickly diagnose lesions related to MS depends on a fundamental understanding of the anatomy and workings of the brain that MRI technology provides doctors. Using an MRI for diagnosing MS is tedious, time-consuming, and prone to human error. In the present investigation, lesion activity involves preprocessing and segmentation of the MS images from two time points using deep learning approaches. 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Deep Learning Approaches for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases, pp. 150-178.
Thilagavathi S., Department of Computer Science, Sri Krishna Adithya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India; Sridhar D., School of Computer Science, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India; Jawahar S., School of Sciences, CHRIST Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, India
Incorporating the metaverse into the green banking revolution: Spearheading the implementation of eco-friendly financial practices
This study aims to explore the awareness and perceptions of green banking among bankers and customers in rural and semi-urban areas of India. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather information from 807 customers and 200 officials of selected commercial banks, utilizing the snowball sampling method. The study utilized chi-square and factor analysis techniques. The chi-square test results revealed an association between educational status and the customer's opinion regarding green banks. Factor analysis derived three key factors influencing the adoption of green banking: convenience and environmental sustainability, financial and technological advantages, and customer retention and prestige. The findings indicate that green banking services provide more benefits to its customers than traditional banking. 2024, IGI Global.
Creator's Economy in Metaverse Platforms: Empowering Stakeholders Through Omnichannel Approach, pp. 233-246.
Devesh S., School of Business and Management, Christ University, Yeshwanthpur Campus, Bangalore, India; Mahale P., Srinivas University, India; Subburayan B., School of Business and Management, Christ University, Bangalore, India
Impact of data centers on power consumption, climate change, and sustainability
The data-driven economy is transforming with data centers becoming a crucial business infrastructure. However, the increasing reliance on data centers is posing a threat to the environment. Climate change activists are focusing on reducing emissions from sectors like automotive, aviation, and energy. Data centers consume more electricity than the UK, accounting for 3% of global electricity supply and 2% of total greenhouse gas emissions. By 2040, digital data storage is projected to contribute to 14% of the world's emissions. The number of data centers worldwide has surged from 500,000 in 2012 to over 8 million, with energy consumption doubling every four years. The rise in internet penetration rates and the introduction of 5G technologies and IoT devices will further exacerbate the issue, increasing the demand for data processing. 2024, IGI Global.
Thangam D.; Muniraju H.; Ramesh R.; Narasimhaiah R.; Ahamed Khan N.M.; Booshan S.; Booshan B.; Manickam T.; Ganesh R.S.
Computational Intelligence for Green Cloud Computing and Digital Waste Management, pp. 60-83.
Thangam D., Presidency Business School, Presidency College, Bengaluru, India; Muniraju H., Triveni Institute of Commerce and Management, Bengaluru, India; Ramesh R., Department of Management Studies, Knowledge Institute of Technology, Salem, India; Narasimhaiah R., Department of Economics, Jain University, Bengaluru, India; Ahamed Khan N.M., Department of Management, Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies, Bengaluru, India; Booshan S., ISBR College, India; Booshan B., Department of Management, Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies, Bengaluru, India; Manickam T., Christ University, India; Ganesh R.S., Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R and D Institute of Science and Technology, India
Building capabilities and workforce for metaverse-driven retail formats
The metaverse, a breakthrough virtual reality environment, offers boundless retail potential. Metaverse-driven retail needs a good strategy to succeed in a time of changing consumer expectations and the digital revolution. This chapter covers metaverse-driven retail preparation tactics. The metaverse allows retail innovation and adaptation during e-commerce and COVID-19 pandemic upheavals. Understanding metaverse dynamics and developing the abilities is crucial. Determine metaverse applicability to retail, define requisite capabilities, analyze staff competencies, and establish practical training and development programs. Examples include understanding metaverse technology, immersive shopping, datadriven personalization, and strong cybersecurity. Digital fluency, collaboration, design, and cybersecurity awareness are workforce competencies. This chapter stresses metaverse readiness through training, growth, and strategic alignment. It emphasizes that the metaverse transforms reality and opens up new possibilities. 2024, IGI Global.
Creator's Economy in Metaverse Platforms: Empowering Stakeholders Through Omnichannel Approach, pp. 111-131.
Singha R., Christ University (Deemed), India; Singha S., Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), India
Strategies to achieve carbon neutrality and foster sustainability in data centers
Data centers and transmission networks are crucial in the digital age, with the market expected to grow from $50 billion in 2021 to $120 billion by 2030. However, their extensive computing infrastructure and continuous operation generate significant heat, necessitating energy-intensive cooling systems. The IEA report revealed that data center power consumption surged by over 60% between 2015 and 2021, with transmission networks experiencing a 60% usage increase. Addressing these growing energy demands poses significant challenges for the industry, with some countries considering restrictions on new data center licenses due to environmental concerns. To mitigate the climate impact, the industry must prioritize the procurement of low-carbon or carbon-free electricity to reduce Scope 2 emissions related to electricity, heating, and cooling. Tech giants like AWS, Google, and Meta/Facebook have already adopted ambitious public targets, either running on carbon-free electricity or investing in global projects for cost-effective and large-scale emissions reduction. 2024, IGI Global.
Gopi K.; Sharma A.; Rani M.R.J.; Kamath K.P.; Manickam T.; Thangam D.; Ravindran K.; Chavadi C.; Pol N.
Computational Intelligence for Green Cloud Computing and Digital Waste Management, pp. 109-126.
Gopi K., M.G.R. Arts and Science College, Hosur, India; Sharma A., Parul Institute of Management and Research, India; Rani M.R.J., ISBR Business School, Bangalore, India; Kamath K.P., ISBR Business School, Bangalore, India; Manickam T., Christ University, India; Thangam D., Presidency Business School, Presidency College, Bengaluru, India; Ravindran K., Presidency Business School, Presidency College, Bengaluru, India; Chavadi C., Presidency Business School, Presidency College, Bengaluru, India; Pol N., ISBR College, India
Effectiveness of gamification in facilitating microlearning for gen Z
This chapter offers a thorough examination of the uses, advantages, and difficulties of gamification in higher education. In contrast to game-based learning, gamification uses specific game features to improve the learning experience. This chapter investigates the use of gamification to engage and inspire Generation Z (Gen Z) pupils with the goal of enhancing their academic performance. It underlines the necessity for game development that increases motivation and engagement in educational settings and highlights the measurement of student progress based on completed activities. Effective instructional approaches are crucial in a time where there is a constant stream of information and people have short attention spans. A promising approach to overcoming these difficulties in both online and offline education utilizing ICT technologies is offered as gamified microlearning, which combines microlearning and games. 2024, IGI Global.
Savithri M.; Philip S.; Sharma T.; Singh N.K.
Global Perspectives on Micro-Learning and Micro-Credentials in Higher Education, pp. 137-158.
Savithri M., Christ University, India; Philip S., Christ University, India; Sharma T., Christ University, India; Singh N.K., Christ University, India
Streaming success: Examining the impact of ott media on content production and consumption of New Malayalam Cinema
Exploring the prosperous union of New Malayalam Cinema and OTT platforms, this chapter scrutinises the circumstances under which the former thrived on OTTs during the COVID-19 pandemic. It delves into Malayalee market trends, the content diversification incited by OTTs, and the expansion of New Malayalam Cinema's market. As it explores changing audience consumption patterns and the prospects of India's OTT landscape, it particularly accentuates Malayalam regional cinema. By providing examples of films that debuted on OTT platforms, such as C U Soon and Joji, the chapter offers an in-depth analysis, highlighting the success of this symbiotic relationship. 2024, IGI Global.
Exploring the Impact of OTT Media on Global Societies, pp. 130-144.
Comprehending algorithmic bias and strategies for fostering trust in artificial intelligence
Fairness is threatened by algorithm bias, systematic and unfair disparities in machine learning results. Amazon's AI-driven hiring tool favoured men. AI promised data-driven, impartial decision-making, but it has revealed sector-wide prejudice, perpetuating systematic imbalances. The algorithm's bias is data and design. Biassed historical data and feature selection and pre-processing can bias algorithms. Development is harmed by human biases. Algorithm prejudice impacts money, education, employment, and crime. Diverse and representative data collection, understanding complicated "black box" algorithms, and legal and ethical considerations are needed to address this bias. Despite these issues, algorithm bias elimination techniques are emerging. This chapter uses secondary data to study algorithm bias. Algorithm bias is defined, its origins, its prevalence in data, examples, and issues are discussed. The chapter also tackles bias reduction and elimination to make AI a more reliable and impartial decision-maker. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Digital Technologies, Ethics, and Decentralization in the Digital Era, pp. 286-305.
Menon U.S., Christ University, India; Siby T., Christ University, India; Natchimuthu N., Christ University, India
Study on the growth of the ott platform during lockdown and its future scope
This research tries to review the growth of OTT platforms throughout the lockdown. It's vital to understand the extent of increase within the popularity of OTT platforms throughout lockdown to understand their future scope. It's evident that, since their launch, OTT platforms have solely discovered an upward curve in their usage, and because of the pandemic and lockdown there has been exponential increase in its popularity because of the modification in consumption patterns of individuals for diversion through numerous media platforms. This analysis conducted a survey and analyzed the opinions of individuals relating to OTT platforms, their consumption patterns, and its comparison with cinema to examine if OTT platforms were slowly taking on the foremost fashionable standard medium of diversion. It had been found that individuals used OTT over the other platforms outside of TV and YouTube to pass their time or for diversion. 2024, IGI Global.
Exploring the Impact of OTT Media on Global Societies, pp. 42-54.
Skill sets required to meet a human-centered Industry 5.0: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
The first industrial revolution, known as Industry 1.0, was primarily concerned with mechanical engineering and water and steam. Electric power systems and mass production assembly lines were established during the second industrial revolution (Industry 2.0). The third industrial revolution (Industry 3.0) was defined as automatic manufacturing and the incorporation of electronics, computers, and information technology into manufacturing. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is automating business operations and advancing manufacturing to a level based on connected devices, smart factories, cyberphysical systems (CPS), and the internet of things (IoT), where machines will change how they interact with one another and carry out specific tasks. Industry 5.0, with all modern technologies, is aimed to be a harmonious balance between human and machine interaction, and has an emphasis on sustainable growth. The present study uses an interpretive-qualitative research method to review the skill sets required to meet a human-centered Industry 5.0. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Suganya G.; Selvakumar J.J.; Varadharajan P.; Pachiyappan S.
Infrastructure Possibilities and Human-Centered Approaches With Industry 5.0, pp. 231-252.
Suganya G., Kumaraguru College of Liberal Arts and Science, India; Selvakumar J.J., CHRIST University (deemed), India; Varadharajan P., M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Management, India; Pachiyappan S., CHRIST University (deemed), India
Investor behaviour, market efficiency, and regulatory challenges in digital currency investments: A comprehensive literature review
The rapid proliferation of digital currencies has ignited significant interest in understanding investor behaviour and the regulatory challenges within this evolving financial landscape. The study seeks to elucidate the factors that influence investor behaviour in the cryptocurrency/digital currency market and explore the regulatory implications associated with digital currency investments. A systematic approach was adopted to identify, review, and analyze relevant scholarly articles from reputable databases. The selected articles span various dimensions of the cryptocurrency/digital currency ecosystem, including investor behaviour, market efficiency, technological innovation, and regulatory measures. It reveals that investor behaviour in the digital currency market is influenced by a complex interplay of emotions, market sentiment, and information asymmetry. Additionally, market efficiency theories are being reconsidered in light of the highly volatile nature of cryptocurrencies. Regulatory challenges encompass issues related to fraud, pump-and-dump schemes, and legal ambiguity. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Digital Currency Assets and Challenges to Financial System Stability, pp. 144-177.
Baranidharan S., Christ University, Bangalore, India
Data-Driven Decision Making in the VUCA Context: Harnessing Data for Informed Decisions
Agility; Ambiguity; Complexity; DDDM; Decision making; Uncertainty; Volatility; VUCA
Data-driven decision making (DDDM) has evolved from being a strategic advantage to a necessity for organizations aiming to thrive in the dynamic business contexts. It is about using data as a tool to enhance strategic thinking, scenario planning, and adaptation in rapidly changing environments. It involves leveraging data and analytics to navigate the challenges of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. By embracing DDDM, organizations can enhance their decision-making processes, gain a competitive edge, and navigate the challenges of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity with greater confidence. However, successful implementation requires addressing challenges, fostering a data-driven culture, and continually adapting best practices to meet the evolving demands of the VUCA environment. This chapter discusses how organizations leverage DDDM in VUCA context to support effective and rapid decision making aligned with organizations vision. Particularly, it would offer insights to transit from volatility to vision, uncertainty to understanding, complexity to clarity, and ambiguity to agility. The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Maheshkar C., Department of Management, Chameli Devi Group of Institutions and East Nimar Society for Education, Madhya Pradesh, Indore, India; Poulose J., Christ University, Ghaziabad, India; Sharma V., Symbiosis Centre for Management and Human Resource Development (SCMHRD), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Maharashtra, Pune, India
Affiliate Marketing and the Symbiotic Relationship in the Pharma Industry
Affiliate marketing; Customer purchase behavior; Healthcare; Mentality; Privacy; Security
The objective of the study is to understand the dynamic relationship between customers and the healthcare industry giants in the Indian context. The purpose revolves around how the consumer is benefitting and at the same time, how the indirect third-party affiliates also earn marginal profits along with serving the customers. The study is backed by both primary and secondary data, which were collected from 173 individuals from various fields through a questionnaire. The convenience sampling method was used to select the respondents, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used to propose the model for the study. There exists a parallel symbiotic relationship between consumers, pharmaceutical companies, and affiliates. The application of this research can be put to use for the startups, which want to explore and excel in this industry along with the future researchers who want to forecast and study the progress of the pharma companies in the long run. The empirical evidence of this paper highlights a unique relationship between affiliates, the pharma sector, and customers, which drives customer buying behavior and a combination that has not been explored yet. The study provides a unique understanding of how feedback from customers in third-party applications can benefit and produce huge profit margins down the line. 2025 Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Banerjee J.; Kiran P.; Vasudevan M.; Krishna Kishore S.V.
Pharma Marketing and Pharmacoeconomics: Opportunities, Challenges, and the Way Forward, pp. 53-70.
Banerjee J., School of Business, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Kiran P., School of Business and Economics, Westminister International University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Vasudevan M., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Krishna Kishore S.V., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
Resource efficiency, environmentally friendly consumption and production, and the green economy's contribution to sustainable development resource efficiency refer to the ways in which resources are used to deliver value to society and aims to reduce the amount of resources needed, as well as emissions and waste generated, per unit of product or service. Sustainable consumption and production aim to improve production processes and consumption practices to reduce resource consumption, waste generation, and emissions across the full life cycle of processes and products. A macroeconomic strategy for achieving sustainable economic growth is offered by the green economy, with a primary emphasis on investments, jobs, and skills. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Green Economy and Renewable Energy Transitions for Sustainable Development, pp. 1-22.
Greenpreneurship pioneering solutions for climate change: An Indian perspective
In an era marked by pressing global climate challenges, the role of green entrepreneurship, or "greenpreneurship, " has gained paramount significance. The present chapter begins by elucidating the inherent connection between greenpreneurship and climate change, followed the contributions of the greenpreneurs appreciating their efforts to make a difference to the society. The chapter mentions certain skills and traits required by greenpreneurs to run their business. It states the challenges that the greenpreneurs face. The chapter then takes a dive into the realm of greenpreneurship from an Indian perspective. India, with its unique blend of environmental challenges and a burgeoning entrepreneurial ecosystem, presents an intriguing case study. The chapter illustrates how Indian greenpreneurs are contributing to a cleaner, greener future. It states the policies which the government has made to support greenpreneurs in the country. Finally, recommendations are given for existing greenpreneurs, budding entrepreneurs, the public, and the government to collectively drive green solutions. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Green Economy and Renewable Energy Transitions for Sustainable Development, pp. 237-254.
Jain P., Christ University, India; Aruna P., Christ University, India; Purswani G., Christ University, India
Place-based strategies, multichannel merger, and context-driven alerts for engagement with mobile marketing
Mobile marketing is essential for timely, personalized communication in the digital world. Engagement is increased by location-based strategies like geofencing and context-driven notifications. Integrating social media improves ties with customers. In the digital age, multi-channel integration guarantees a smooth and personalized experience. As per the authors, this chapter explores how location-based suggestions, context-driven notifications, and multi-channel integration enhance client connections while highlighting the significance of geolocation data for targeted content. For context-driven notifications to be effective, helpfulness and privacy must be balanced. Companies create stronger relationships with their consumers and improve the customer experience, which motivates both present and new customers to engage and connect with their brand. An analysis is conducted on the changing field of mobile marketing, emphasizing the use of location-based tactics, multi-channel integration, and context-driven notifications to increase user engagement. 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.
Smart and Sustainable Interactive Marketing, pp. 198-229.
Kuriachan A., Christ University, India; Thomas R.R., Christ University, India; Sukanya R., Christ University, India