Pandemic, War and Geo-Political Risk: The Outlook for Global Economy
Geo-political risk; Inflation; Pandemic; War
This Chapter analyses the world economic outlook in the backdrop of the Pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, geo-political tensions, and social unrest emerging around the world. The COVID-19 Pandemic an unwanted gift from the nature spreading across the nations in multiple waves and mutation has devastated the global economy. The governments and central banks responded with huge bailouts to beat the potential recession that led to excess liquidity and demand-pull inflation. The global GDP declined due to multiple lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus. Due to scarcity of inputs, labour and supply chain disruptions the cost of production surged and augmented cost-push inflation. Further, the Russian invasion of Ukraine aggravated the supply-side shocks from sanctions and energy and food inflation surgeda 38-year highto 6.7 percent in advanced economies and 8.7 percent in emerging markets and developing economies creating misery among people particularly in the low-income countries. The running magnitude of inflation complicated the policy efforts, and the central banks and governments reversed the trade-off for inflation from safeguarding the growth. Besides, the social unrest in developed countries (Canada, New Zealand, the US, Austria, the Netherland) and developing countries (Chile, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Brazil, Belarus, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Tajikistan, and Sudan) have added the geo-political tensions (China and Taiwan) worsening the world economic outlook. The first section of this chapter narrates the COVID-19 pandemic impact (loss of lives and livelihood), leading to declining trends in global GDP, income, employment and international trade, and increasing trends in poverty, unemployment, inequality and inflation. The second section analyses the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and social unrest gathering around the world leading to geo-political tensions, supply-side shocks and inflation trending to a level not seen in the last four decades. The policy efforts reversed to monetary tightening and increasing the interest rates causing capital outflows, currency depreciation and foreign exchange reserve meltdown. Developing countries with limited fiscal space to counteract are prone to prolonged stagflation (inflation plus unemployment) and skewflation risk (product prices rising but asset prices falling). In the near-term, the global economy is facing an extremely challenging outlook due to sharply rising food, fertilizer and energy prices, and rising interest rates, capital outflows, currency depreciation and unsustainable levels of external debt. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Political Economy of the Middle East, Vol-Part F3369, pp. 25-61.
Xavier V.K., Faculty of Management, CMS Business School, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bengaluru, India; Elias I.P., Department of Management Studies, Christ University, Bengaluru, India; Nazar S.N., Department of Economics, St. Josephs College of Commerce, Bengaluru, India
Emerging Novel Functional Materials from Biomass for Environmental Remediation
The Earth faces complex environmental challenges caused by both human activities and natural processes, affecting all life forms and ecosystems. Biomass-derived materials, sourced from renewable resources, serve as effective adsorbents, catalysts, and ion exchangers, providing sustainable solutions to environmental issues like water and air pollution, soil contamination, and waste management. Their significance lies not only in their biodegradability and sustainability but also in standardized testing and scalability considerations. The field of functional materials from biomass has the potential to transform environmental remediation, leading to a cleaner and more sustainable world. Here, we aimed to portrait the key approaches and recent developments in emerging functional materials from biomass tailored for environmental remediation, delving into their fundamental theories and concepts, various applications, and potential to reshape the remediation landscape. It evaluates the sustainability and biodegradability aspects of these materials, addresses challenges, and peers into the dynamic and rapidly evolving future of this field. Collaborative efforts between researchers, industry, and policymakers are pivotal to establishing guidelines and regulations ensuring the safe and responsible use of these materials. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, Vol-Part F3306, pp. 291-312.
Joseph M.M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Joseph A.M., Department of Chemistry, Newman College Thodupuzha, Kerala, Thodupuzha, 685585, India
Waste Management: Learning and Challenges from a Case Study of a University Model in India
Christ University (CU) has implemented an integral and sustainable waste-management system for better environmental impacts on its five campuses in India. The university has well established zero-waste campaigns. The waste-management model is introduced at CU campuses with multiple purposes: 1) for a cleaner environment on the campus, 2) to create an educational impact on students on waste management, 3) to initiate a movement towards a zero-waste society in India and 4) to employ people living around its campuses. The Christ University waste-management model is done through three different segments/wings: 1) solid waste management, 2) wet waste management and 3) wastewater management. The amount of waste recycled for each year is measured, and the processes are documented. The model is a replicable, sustainable and socially impactful model for managing waste on university campuses for more significant societal impacts. 2024 CRC Press.
Waste Management and Treatment: Advances and Innovations, pp. 250-263.
Thomas L., Christ University, Bangalore, India; Kureethara J.V., Christ University, Bangalore, India; Klein M., Catholic University of Applied Sciences of North Rhine, Cologne, Westphalia, Germany
Ecotourism a Sustainable Development Approach: A Case Study of Bandipur Forest
Bandipur Tiger Reserve is geographically speaking, it is an ecological confluence since the Western and Eastern Ghats intersect here, making this region unique and exceptional in terms of its flora and fauna. The community land areas of all the border settlements as well as the nearby notified and unnotified forests have been included in the buffer of this tiger reserve. The scrub jungle along the park's eastern boundaries is made up of stunted trees, scattered bushes, and open grassland patches. The Eco-tourism activity is run in the two Ranges of Bandipur (54 km2) and GS Betta (28 km2), covering a total area of 82.00 km2, or around 9.40% of the Reserve's total size. From the above analysis, it could be concluded that the government should provide that there are administrative facilities, halting facilities, etc. just next to National Highway 67, which cuts through the eco-tourism region. Additionally, the village community people agree that the regions where some Private Tourist Resorts have situated border the Kundu Range's Eco-tourism area. The Reserve benefits from having almost year-round operations. The usual methods of stopping poaching, such as arresting and prosecuting offenders, have obviously failed; conservation education aiming at altering local attitudes will greatly reduce the ongoing threats to the integrity of biological systems in the Bandipur forest. Operationalizing sustainable ecotourism within protected areas ultimately relies on management and operations that maximize the industry's potential positive advantages while minimizing its negative ones. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Vol-545, pp. 69-82.
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Rajan P.R., D. Y. Patil Institute of Management Studies Affiliated to Savitri Phule Pune University, Pune, India, Department of Economics, Zamorins Guruvayurappan College, Calicut University, Kozhikode, India; Rishikesh K.B., Department of Commerce, School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, India
Big Data and Competition Law: A New Challenge for Competition Authorities
Big data has become a key role player for almost all kinds of markets specifically in a digital economy. It is a raw material as well as a by-product of any process. It has very comprehensive inclusivity to cover all aspects of the market having direct as well as indirect market effects. These effects are inclined towards consumerism and market transparency. But it has inherent dangers that are somehow overlooked by competition authorities. Competition law has dealt with the brick-and-mortar economy that is traditional in a very efficient way. However, this is not the case with the digital economy. Traditional notions of the market, abuse of dominant position, anticompetitive practices, and regulation of combinations cannot be made applicable to the digital economy in the same manner. Big data analytics enables big giants or corporations to establish their dominance in their relevant market. Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple have been dominating almost digital economy; hence their strategies are being scrutinized under the lenses of competition law once again. This paper deals with the interplay between big data and competition law, and it is going to explore the impact of this unavoidable aspect of big data on a highly competitive digital economy. 2024 Taylor & Francis.
Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Law in India, pp. 66-76.
Dixit C., School of Law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Pune Lavasa Campus, India; Pallissery F., school of law, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Delhi NCR Campus, India
Advanced Materials from Biomass and Its Role in Carbon-Di-Oxide Capture
Biomass; Carbon sequestration; CO2; Nanotechnology; Pyrolysis
This chapter explores utilizing agricultural waste for developing advanced materials for CO2 capture, overcoming drawbacks of conventional adsorbents. It compares biomass-based activated carbons CO2 adsorption capabilities to commercial adsorbents, highlighting promising performance. Strategies for enhancing selectivity and efficiency through functional group hybridization are discussed, alongside investigations into operational parameters effects on material properties and CO2 uptake. Additionally, the chapter reviews biomass-derived carbon materials role in CO2 capture, detailing conversion techniques like pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization. Various modification methods, including activation and N-doping, are examined for enhancing CO2 capture. Discussion extends to diverse advanced materials derived from biomass, including biochar and activated carbon. The chapter underscores the circular-economy impact of utilizing biomass-derived porous carbons in CO2 capture processes, particularly in biogas upgrading to biomethane. Overall, it offers insights into addressing CO2 capture challenges, proposing future research directions in this field. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials, Vol-Part F3306, pp. 237-247.
Nair J.B., Serah Zines LLP, C/O Seed Foundation IISER Pune, Maharashtra, Pune, 411008, India; Joseph A.M., Department of Chemistry, Newman College Thodupuzha, Kerala, Thodupuzha, 685585, India; Joseph M.M., Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, CHRIST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
An Integrated Approach Towards Sustainable Waste Management: Decentralized and Community-Based Practices
Waste management has always been a growing concern, since enormous quantities of waste are generated in vulnerable tourism regions, leading to mounting environmental concerns and hazardous health issues, which are faced by the majority of the local bodies and local communities. Vulnerable destinations are unable to handle such large quantities of solid waste due to financial and institutional debilities. This chapter will present a comprehensive view of solid-waste-management mechanisms, and most importantly, will highlight important issues, like segregation of waste, an integrated approach for the treatment of waste and scientific disposal methods. Critical directions are presented to reiterate the several policies and programmes so as to improve the current scenario, and thereby, support the cities and towns by devising integrated strategies towards community engagement in waste management and the role of regulators in overcoming the challenges of solid-waste management in our country. This chapter is built on a sustainable outlook by providing an integrated framework of decentralized and community-based practices. It will also explore important dimensions of sustainability that will require greater attention towards a preliminary framework of sustainable community-based waste management. 2024 CRC Press.
Joseph E.K.; Varghese B.; Kallarakal T.K.; Antony J.K.
Waste Management and Treatment: Advances and Innovations, pp. 39-51.
Joseph E.K., Department of Commerce, Christ College (Affiliated to MG University), Kattappana, Idukki, Kerala, Puliyanmala, India; Varghese B., Christ College (Affiliated to MG University), Kattappana, Idukki, Kerala, Puliyanmala, India; Kallarakal T.K., School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Antony J.K., University of the People, United States
Heavy metal detection by nanotechnology-based sensors
biosensors; heavy metals; Nanoparticles; remediation
One of the major pollutants in the milieu consists of heavy metals that remain nondegradable with extreme toxicity that accumulates in plants, animals, and humans leading to ill effects with long exposures. These heavy metals that are used in various fields like food, textile industries, agriculture, and medicine act as enzyme inhibitors not allowing the substrate to bind the enzymes. In lieu of it, biosensors have been an essential tool that help to monitor environmental pollutants, presence of various toxins and biohazardous microbial in the organic matter, and also biomolecules in diagnostic tools. Detection of heavy metal traces in environmental monitoring has a widespread application using biosensors with improvised sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity. Further, the biosensor technology has advanced greatly with the ability of biosensing mechanism combined with the highly advanced technique with the world of nanofabricating enabled miniature biosensors. The sensitivity performance of biosensors has increased tremendously with nanotechnology as the nanoscale dimensions promote the critical analysis and detect to probe single biomolecules. Nevertheless, the major drawback relies on the study lacking the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) in atmosphere, lacking in automated service, miniature induced unreliable source, and integrating the nano-biosensors for reliable transduction signals from the devices. With the development of biosensors for online and offline analysis for their quantity and diversity they have been termed as biosensor uprising with the introduction of biosensors with enzyme, DNA-, immuno-, and whole cell-based with specific analytical detection. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.
Mayegowda S.B.; Chikkud V.; Barua S.; Manjula N.G.
Nanotechnology-Based Sensors for Detection of Environmental Pollution, pp. 237-263.
Mayegowda S.B., Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore Kengeri Campus, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Chikkud V., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Barua S., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Manjula N.G., Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences (SBAS), Dayananda Sagar University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
Sustaining Sustainable: Investigating the Full Spectrum of Food Waste, from Production Through Consumption to Disposal
Food waste; Resource management; Supply chain management; Sustainability
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the primary factors that contribute to food waste. Additionally, it creates practical strategies to cope with food waste and encourages to perform sustainable practices to improve the environment. Additionally, the study presents an analytical framework for supply chain problems as well as the methods that are environmentally friendly. Methodology: The research begins by defining how sustainable development should be incorporated in the hospitality sector and by briefly outlining its attributes. Next, it discusses the expanding interest in supply chain management and outlines an overview of the breadth of academic research on sustainability in the literature related to the hotel industry. Findings: The paper examines the enormous ecological and economic effects of food waste, including how it contributes to the adverse global warming, the dwindling of natural resources, and also the loss of worthwhile financial investments. Additionally, it highlights the social effects of food wastage, such as how it contributes to gaps in access to nourishing foods and food insecurity. Research Limitations: It attempts to shed light on the scope of food loss, identify major contributing variables, and suggest methods to reduce food loss along the whole supply chain through an examination of current literature and data. Practical Implication: The practical application of this research is to offer evidence-based insights and practical recommendations to policymakers, organizations, and people with an aim to decrease food waste and enhance the effectiveness of the food system. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
World Sustainability Series, Vol-Part F3017, pp. 139-154.
Fukey L.N., Department of Hotel Management, School of Business and Management, Christ (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Rajaram K., Department of Hotel Management, School of Business and Management, Christ (Deemed To Be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Co- Integration and Causality between Macroeconomics Variables and Bitcoin
The fintech sector has been booming for the past decade, especially with the unprecedented expansion in cryptocurrency innovation. Many countries and their central banks are working to accommodate cryptocurrency in a regulated format into their financial system anywise. This research paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between Bitcoin (INR) and the macroeconomic variables of the Indian economy, such as two major stock indices (NSE and BSE), money supply M1, foreign exchange rate (INR/US dollar), and indicators of inflation rate (CPI and WPI). For this purpose, monthly data of the variables from October 2014 to December 2020 are considered. The Johansen co-integration approach depicts the long-run association between Bitcoin and the economic variables, whilst VECM and the Wald coefficient reveal no short-run causality between the variables. The Granger Causality test shows a one-way causal relationship of NSE, BSE and WPI to Bitcoin. Hence, it concluded that stock indices and inflation have a cogent effect and exert on bitcoin prices. The findings will be helpful for policy-makers and investors alike, for an outlook to strategize and explore this everchanging digital instrument. 2024 CRC Press.
Data- Driven Modelling and Predictive Analytics in Business and Finance: Concepts, Designs, Technologies, and Applications, pp. 332-344.
Sharma D., Department of Financial Administration, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India; Verma R., Department of Financial Administration, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India; Sam S., School of Business and Management Christ, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
Toward precision agriculture in Cyber-Physical Agricultural System
Agriculture 4.0 or Agri 4.0; cyber-physical agricultural system; cyber-physical system; industry 4.0; precision agriculture
Agriculture 4.0 or Agri 4.0 is a newly developed system that consists of various digital technologies adapted from Industry 4.0 based on smart automation. Agriculture 4.0 is a subset of Industry 4.0 aimed at sustainable precision agriculture (PA) and increasing agricultural efficiency using digital technologies and the Internet of Things. The cyber-physical system (CPS) is the seamless integration of digital and physical domains and when CPS is applied in agriculture, it is termed cyber-physical agricultural system (CPAS). The application of CPS in carrying out PA with sustainable management of resources is termed Agri 4.0. Research papers are reviewed to understand the bigger picture behind various details of digital technologies and CPS with a focus on agriculture 4.0 and to determine its applications, challenges, and developments in the field. It is apparent that most of the small and marginal farms in remote areas are not able to use this technology due to a lack of knowledge and resources. It is the need of the hour to support these farmers by making favorable policies and appropriating budgets such that it will lead to more profitable and sustained PA and in the process contribute to the social and economic upliftment of farmers of India. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Gokul Krishnan K.B.; Mehta V.; Rai V.; Hirendra Rai R.; Sharma V.; Mishra N.
Agri 4.0 and the Future of Cyber-Physical Agricultural Systems, pp. 157-174.
Gokul Krishnan K.B., Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Ayodhya, India; Mehta V., Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Agriculture, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Uttar Pradesh, Ayodhya, India; Rai V., Manipal Institute of Technology, Karnataka, Manipal, India; Hirendra Rai R., School of Physiotherapy, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, India; Sharma V., Department of Computational Sciences, Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, India; Mishra N., Department of Economics, FS University, Uttar Pradesh, Shikohabad, India
Mapping Cyclone and Flood Hazard Vulnerability in Puri District, Odisha, India, Using Geoinformatics
Cyclone; Disaster; Floods; Remote sensing; Risk management; Vulnerability
India is vulnerable to many natural and human-made disasters due to its unique geo-climatic and socio-economic conditions. This paper focuses on natural disasters; such as cyclones and floods in the Puri district in the Indian state of Odisha. In this study, a number of floods and cyclones that occurred in the district were identified. The thematic maps of the influencing factors such as soil type, flood and cyclone vulnerability, elevation, and 2020 land cover were created using ArcGIS 10.3. Thereafter, the weighted overlay method was adopted based on analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to map the overall vulnerability of the district. The results derived from this study exhibited that the district is highly vulnerable to floods and cyclones. Finally, strategies were recommended for hazard risk reduction covering enhancing awareness towards hazards, improving early warning systems, establishing better communication between various stakeholders, and strengthening environmental protection and disaster risk reduction. Furthermore, measures for mitigation such as creating shelters, post-disaster rehabilitation, better and improved health facilities, incorporating green infrastructure at critical locations, relying on nature-based measures, execution of mangrove plantation along the coastal belt of the district, creating barriers or dykes to prevent water tides, and plummeting leachate due to improper waste disposal near the coast are suggested. The analysis and mapping of hazard vulnerability can act as a reference for urban planners and policymakers to promote Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 11 which is sustainable cities and communities. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, Vol-Part F3155, pp. 595-603.
Manisha K., NIT Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, Hamirpur, 177005, India, School of Architecture, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Chettry V., Manipal School of Architecture & Planning, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
The Dark Side of Internet of Things in E-Commerce: Uncovering the Misuse of Personal Information
The world today patronises e-commerce websites and the extent of ease, convenience and possibilities it has brought. E-commerce has positively rattled the world and, most importantly, the economy and gross domestic product of every nation. It has facilitated countries to be progressive and enjoy goods and services from beyond geographical borders. It made possible and common what was once regarded as impossible and far-fetched. E-commerce has not only over-stocked market shelves but also raised the world standard from a business and consumer point of view. E-commerce is defined to be a wide range of business activities in an online space for products, goods, and services (Gupta, 2014). E-commerce is the outcome of an economy that functions on the Internet. Though e-commerce has been present for over thirty years, its popularity and effect have risen enormously in the recent past. It is understood to be the business of buying, selling, and trading through electronic communications. E-commerce has two models in force, the B2B (Business to Business) and B2C (Business to Consumer), where the former is economic transactions between businesses, and the latter between a business and consumer. Though both models are popular and well-known, the former is sought after (Tian, and Stewart, 2006). Traditional commercial businesses have also adopted the mode of online trade and business for their goods. If not fully transformed, they have a dual approach of a continued brick-and-mortar structure and also an online portal. For example, H&M, a famous clothing store, has been in existence since 1947. It was in 1998 that they began their online retail store to keep in touch with the changing trends of the market needs. In 2023, there was as many as 1224 million e-commerce websites the world over. This in itself shows the extent to which the world has developed, adapted, and benefited from online businesses and transactions (Gennaro, 2023). The goal of e-commerce websites is just the same as a normal business. They intend to hit their profit margins, increase branding along with sales maximisation and risk minimisation. Apart from this, they have widened the aspect of an economy to now being a global economy where there are communications, interactions, and direct transactions buyers and sellers from various parts of the world. This advancement in business models has had a ripple effect on other aspects and tools of business functions, such as marketing and advertising. Marketing aims at making known to society the availability of certain products, goods, services, and their utility and features so that consumers can make an informed decision while shopping. Conventional marketing involves advertising and letting people know that such a product is available and has certain uses with the hope that promotion turns into a sale. Marketing has been open, standard, and objective. However, the marketing that we see today is powered by data, so it is subjective, customised and sure to catch the interest of consumers. This is happening through several online portals/agencies, and marketers who use data provided by online consumers for their monetary gain. At one point data is beneficial to the consumers in terms of availability of the products at their fingertips and without stepping out from home; on the other hand the data provided by the consumers remains stored with the websites, or in their cloud and subsequently used by such portals and also sold to others without approval from the users themselves. This raises serious concerns about the privacy rights of users and the extent of protection rendered to their data. There is constant debate in the convergence of data, Internet, and e-commerce because of the immense support in its ease and comfort versus the lesser known but great evil of infringement of rights to privacy and personal data. This chapter focuses on understanding how the personal information of consumers misused by e-commerce companies breaking down various roles of big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and digital marketing. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Internet of Things Vulnerabilities and Recovery Strategies, pp. 223-237.
Doss H.D., Christ University, Bangalore, India; Mishra A., Christ University, Bangalore, India
A Gradational Approach for Auditing IoT Security Vulnerability: Case Study of Smart Home Devices
The world is experiencing a rapid convergence of physical and cyber systems, as objects used in day-to-day life are connected over the Internet. These Internet of Things (IoT) devices are mass produced, but ensure its usage in routine life. The impact of IoT in human life ranges from simple household equipment to life-critical devices. Owing to the diversity, both in application and nature, the security on these devices and their applications has become a major concern. In spite of having many security frameworks and compliance regulations, attacks on IoTs are exponentially growing. A handful of security frameworks are available for ensuring the security, there are very few frameworks proposed for auditing the security. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability, which are the pillars of security in IoT, are found missing or found to have been implemented with flaws. An IoT security audit is one good solution that has proven a success in the literature but challenging as the high-level standards cannot be applied to low-level devices and applications. In addition, the challenges of audits include heterogeneity of IoT and lack of expert resources. IoT and related products reached market very quickly before it could be subjected to the complete audit procedures or, in other words, the time taken for a new IoT device or application to be developed is much less than the time taken for developing a security audit mechanism. Hence, to enable an efficient security auditing of IoT devices, a definite and dynamic framework is needed that can propose feasible policies, automatic collection and analysis of audit data and tailor-made procedures for risk assessment, risk control and risk mitigation. This chapter focuses on the auditing of security vulnerability in IoT devices. A gradational methodology is proposed for extracting the feasible security checks from leading standards and guidelines in the IoT domain. To exploit its efficiency, the proposed method is applied to a smart home with IoT enabled devices. Performance metrics such as efficiency, accuracy, and scalability are evaluated. The experiments were carried out in a simulated environment with IoT devices. The results were highly satisfying as the proposed method could do efficient and accurate auditing for seven hundred smart homes in a time of less than fifteen minutes. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Internet of Things Vulnerabilities and Recovery Strategies, pp. 87-101.
Rajagopal M., Lean Operations and Systems, School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Ramkumar S., Department of Computer Science, School of Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
Developmental Regulations to Conserve Catchment Area of an Urban Water Body: A Case of Upper Lake in the City of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Catchment; Development regulations; Ecosystem services; Urban water body; Wetland
A lake reflects its catchment and provides a wide range of ecological services useful for the sustenance and betterment of human lives and other living organisms. The fast-paced developmental activities in the catchment area of lakes and over-consumption of available resources are resulting in the degradation of ecological services of the lake. The Upper Lake in Bhopal, a million-plus population city situated in the central part of India, has been selected for the study. The current regulatory regime for environmental conservation of the catchment area comprises a legislative framework and a set of regulatory institutions. Inadequacies in each accelerates environmental degradation of the Upper Lake, delays and escalates cost of developmental projects. This paper is an attempt to find out gaps in the existing institutional framework to conserve the catchment area. The present study focused on identifying and assessing major issues pertaining to the degradation of the Upper Lake, thereafter establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between anthropogenic activities and their environmental impacts. Subsequently, formulating developmental regulations forconserving theUpper Lake and its catchment area. Primarily, GIS application has been employed to delineate the catchment area of the Upper Lake by using catchment area assessment technique. Furthermore, a primary survey targeting the village stakeholders in the catchment area was conducted to analyze socio-economic profile and assess the agricultural practices adopted. Finally, formulated an institutional framework to conserve, govern and monitor the catchment area and the Upper Lake from the anthropogenic issues. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, Vol-Part F3155, pp. 17-27.
Manisha K., Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, Hamirpur, India, School of Architecture, Christ (Deemed to be University), Kengeri, Mysore Road, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Pandey R.U., School of Planning and Architecture, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, India
Tools and framework for cyber-physical agricultural systems
Agricultural sensors; artificial intelligence (AI); blockchain; cloud computing; crop modeling; cyber-physical systems (CPS); decision support systems; digital twins; drones; edge computing; environmental monitoring; farm management information systems (FMIS); food safety; Internet of Things (IoT); weather forecasting; wireless sensor networks (WSN)
The development of cyber-physical agricultural systems (CPASs) has created new opportunities for precision farming, sustainable food production, and efficient use of resources. CPAS leverages advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) to collect, analyze, and utilize data to improve farming practices. However, the implementation of CPAS requires the use of various tools and frameworks to ensure seamless integration and communication between different components of the system. One of the key tools for CPAS is sensors. This chapter focuses on key tools for CPAS, such as sensors that can collect data on environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and nutrient levels, enabling farmers to monitor crop growth and identify issues. The use of drones equipped with cameras and sensors can provide a birds eye view of farmland, allowing farmers to detect issues that are difficult to detect otherwise. Frameworks such as the Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) provide a standardized approach to communication between different devices and systems in agricultural systems. OPC-UA enables secure and efficient data exchange between sensors, machines, and other components, enabling the integration of various tools and frameworks within CPAS. This framework ensures that different components of CPAS can communicate seamlessly, leading to more efficient and effective farming practices. Another critical framework for CPAS is the decision support system (DSS). DSS utilizes AI and ML algorithms to analyze data from various sources and provide recommendations to farmers. For example, DSS can provide guidance on crop selection, planting dates, irrigation schedules, and pest management. This framework can assist farmers in making informed decisions that can increase yield, reduce waste, and improve sustainability. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Agri 4.0 and the Future of Cyber-Physical Agricultural Systems, pp. 37-53.
Mohiddin S.K., Department of Computer Science Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India; Sharmila S., Department of IT, VNITSW, Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, India; Sharma V., Department of Computational Sciences, Christ University, Delhi NCR Campus, India
Insights into the performance of farmer producer companies: An exploratory analysis in kerala, india
Agricultural cooperatives; Farmer producer companies (FPCs); FPC in Kerala; Smallholder farmers; Sustainable agriculture
India faces challenges in farmers well-being due to small land holdings and the absence of an organized agricultural market system, prompting the introduc-tion of initiatives such as the promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) to fortify the agricultural market. However, ambiguity remains over the functioning of such initiatives. This study aims to tackle the aforementioned issue by collecting and analyzing data on the operations of 400 registered Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) in the state of Kerala, India. The analysis focuses on key indicators such as the age of the FPC, paid-up capital, and activity status (whether active or struck-off). A primary survey has also been conducted, both telephonic and face-to-face inter-views, based on convenience, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Both farmers and representatives from FPCs are interviewed. The issues discussed are marketing assistance, input sales, type of services offered, managerial capacities, etc. The study finds that not all registered FPCs effectively improve the welfare of farmers. The most common service FPCs provide is marketing, which helps increase product sales through collective bargaining power and access to higher-paying markets. FPCs that engage in contract farming, sell through supermarkets, or explore inter-state or inter-national markets are more successful in increasing farmers revenues than those that only use traditional market chains. However, it is important to note that FPCs face several challenges, including a lack of infrastructure and support, limited access to credit, and a lack of skilled and trained staff. These essential factors must be addressed for FPCs to achieve their full potential. The Author(s).
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Vol-525, pp. 749-766.
Augustine D., Department of Economics, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India; Roy N.S., Department of Economics, Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India
The Internet of Things (IoT): A Cripple to Data Privacy and Security
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has paved the way for the intersection of technological advancements and innovation. Its widespread utility and convenience has had an overwhelming impact the world over. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one such advancement. It is an Internet-enabled system of physical sensory objects that have the ability to identify, share and analyse data. The goal of such advancement is to positively impact the quality of human life and to ease its everyday functioning. IoT functions on data, which can be general, personal and sensitive data. Law enforces and assures protection of personal data under the banner of privacy, known to be the right to data protection. It is recognized as an internationally accepted human right and, to nation-states, a fundamental right. The overall aim of such provisions in internationally recognised documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948), the European Charter of Fundamental Rights (2000) and domestic laws like the Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) are to protect users and their data in light of the dynamic world of technology and innovation. IoT is user-friendly, enabling and convenient, but comes with its own set of challenges that cripples the fundamental and human right of data privacy and security. The current legislations on privacy hold data protection in highest reverence, assuring the user of absolute control. Though captivating in its definition of protection, in reality it falls short due to inefficiency in enforcement and application. The chapter offers a summary of the idea of data being ones own property and the crucial intervention of users data in the functioning of IoT. Highlighting the eagerness of embracing technological advancements, the chapter draws attention to the challenges of the IoT through the lens of data privacy and security. It traces its importance by using various case studies that reveal the loosely drafted, or rather incomprehensible, regulations of nation-states in protecting the right of privacy of users. The chapter concludes by considering a few ways of effective enforcement to keep intact the sanctity of the right to data privacy and security. 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Internet of Things Vulnerabilities and Recovery Strategies, pp. 1-18.
Using Sentiment Analysis to Identify Consumers Emotions in the Hotel Industry
This research attempted to present a more comprehensive overview of online user-generated data by extending far beyond quantitative analysis. We gathered a distinctive and substantial database of online user ratings for the hotel industry from numerous websites over a significant amount of time. To gauge the quality of hotel service, we divided customer reviews into two categories using the sentiment analysis technique. The impact of those factors in influencing users overall evaluation and content creation behavior is then investigated. The findings imply that different aspects of user evaluations have considerably diverse effects on how users evaluate products and what motivates them to create content. 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Sharma V.; Kapse M.; Poulose J.; Mahajan V.
Sustainability in Marketing Practice: Strategies for Industry 4.0, pp. 99-114.
Sharma V., Symbiosis Center for Management and Human Resource Development, Symbiosis International University, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Kapse M., Symbiosis Center for Management and Human Resource Development, Symbiosis International University, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Poulose J., School of Business and Management, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), NCR, Delhi, India; Mahajan V., Symbiosis Center for Management and Human Resource Development, Symbiosis International University, Maharashtra, Pune, India
Migrants and homelessness: Life on the streets in urban India
Challenges in migration; COVID-19; Homelessness; Migration; Public policy; Social geography; Temporary migration; Unemployment
There has been division and segregation of urban spaces and homeless migrants highlighting urbanization's contradiction. Despite being unseen, they make up a sizable portion of urban population. Being homeless in the city is a case of minimum citizenship, devoid of the right to the city, and is subject to ongoing violence. The expanding claim for the citizen's right to various public areas like pathways, pavements, and parks challenges their very existence on the streets and sidewalks (where they live). How do they perceive the hatred and disinterest of the wealthier classes? What uneasiness does the politics being played out in the name of locals against migrants create? The study will also examine the country's approach to the homeless, including their access to housing and sources of income. The Indian government has taken some steps to address homelessness among migrant workers, including providing financial assistance and setting up temporary shelters. Still, more needs to be done to address the root causes of this issue and ensure that migrant workers have access to safe and affordable housing, healthcare, and employment opportunities. This chapter plans to investigate issues, including how frequently migrants who are homeless experience violence and humiliation. It would analyze the macromicro paradox of the dynamics of migration. As the invisibleness and neglect of migrants frequently coincide with a widespread belief that migration must be reduced, this has obvious policy implications and implications for the inclusive growth model. In addition to that, this chapter has analyzed the country's policies on the homeless and their livelihood. The data was collected from secondary sources, and extensive study was conducted on various literature available from multiple databases. 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved.
Rai R.; Lakshmypriya K.; Kudal P.; Raghuvanshi R.
Homelessness to Hope: Research, Policy and Global Perspectives, pp. 75-98.
Rai R., Christ University, School of Business and Management, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Lakshmypriya K., Christ University, School of Business and Management, Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Kudal P., Balaji Institute of International Business, Sri Balaji University, Maharashtra, Pune, India; Raghuvanshi R., Shyam Lal College (Evening), University of Delhi, Delhi, New Delhi, India