Multi-stage fuzzy swarm intelligence for automatic hepatic lesion segmentation from CT scans
CALOFCM; Chaos theory; Computed tomography (CT); Fuzzy C-Means (FCM); Hepatic lesion; Swarm intelligence (SI)
Segmentation of liver and hepatic lesions using computed tomography (CT) is a critical and challenging task for doctors to accurately identify liver abnormalities and to reduce the risk of liver surgery. This study proposed a novel dynamic approach to improve the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm for automatic localization and segmentation of liver and hepatic lesions from CT scans. More specifically, we developed a powerful optimization approach in terms of accuracy, speed, and optimal convergence based on fast-FCM, chaos theory, and bio-inspired ant lion optimizer (ALO), named (CALOFCM), for automatic liver and hepatic lesion segmentation. We employed ALO to guide the FCM to determine the optimal cluster centroids for segmentation processes. We used chaos theory to improve the performance of ALO in terms of convergence speed and local minima avoidance. In addition, chaos theory-based ALO prevented the FCM from getting stuck in local minima and increased computational performance, thus increasing stability, reducing sensitivity in the iterative process, and allowing the best centroids to be used by FCM. We validated the proposed approach on a group of patients with abdominal liver CT images, and the results showed good detection and segmentation performance compared with other popular techniques. This new hybrid approach allowed for the clinical diagnosis of hepatic lesions earlier and more systematically, thereby helping medical experts in their decision-making. 2020 Elsevier B.V.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106677 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090040754&doi=10.1016%2fj.asoc.2020.106677&partnerID=40&md5=0b43d754e84d67818adac14ac91c6a33
Anter A.M., School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Benisuef, 62511, Egypt; Bhattacharyya S., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India; Zhang Z., School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
Multi-stage spatial temporal ensemble model with integrated learning methods for robust deepfake detection
Deepfake detection; Ensemble learning; Integrated learning; LightGBM; LSTM; Multi-stage framework; ResNet-50; Spatial-temporal features; Video forensics; YOLOv5
Deepfake detection remains a significant challenge as modern generative models increasingly minimize visible artefacts, and many existing approaches rely solely on either spatial or temporal cues, which limits their robustness and generalization. Many existing hybrid approaches integrate mature learning models in linear or stacked pipelines, which often suffer from error propagation, reduced interpretability, and suboptimal generalization. Unlike prior hybrid approaches that primarily stack spatialtemporal learners, the proposed multi-stage hybrid Integrated Learning Method (ILM) introduces a validation-aware dual-detection mechanism, an independent dual-path spatial-temporal learning design, and a decision-level nonlinear ensemble fusion strategy, explicitly mitigating face mislocalization, temporal dilution, and false-positive propagation observed in existing deepfake detection pipelines. The ILM framework structurally coordinates facial region localization and validation using YOLOv5 and Haar Cascade, deep spatial feature extraction using ResNet-50, frame-level spatial classification via LightGBM, and temporal sequence modeling using LSTM networks. The outputs from the spatial and temporal pathways are subsequently fused using a Random Forest classifier, enabling nonlinear aggregation of complementary evidence while preserving interpretability. Experimental results on the FaceForensics + + and Celeb-DF (v2) benchmark datasets show that ILM achieves 98.30% accuracy, 97.90% precision, and 98.70% recall, outperforming recent state-of-the-art CNNLSTM, ViT-based, and CNNTransformer models by 16%. Ablation studies confirm that each module contributes incrementally to performance stability and false-positive reduction, demonstrating the importance of ILMs multi-stage architecture rather than the individual algorithms alone. Overall, ILM provides a modular, accurate, and computationally efficient solution suitable for deployment in digital forensics, media authentication, and AI governance. Future work will extend ILM with transformer-based global encoders and explainable AI techniques to further improve interpretability and robustness against emerging deepfake models. The Author(s) 2026.
Yassin, Warusia; Abdollah, Mohd Faizal; Ismail, Anuar; Kamis, Noor Hisham; Razak, Siti Fatimah Abdul; Joy, Helen K.
Discover Computing;Volume;29;Issue;1;Article No.;291;
Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
All Open Access; Gold Open Access; Green Open Access
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10791-026-10093-1 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105039850967?origin=resultslist
Yassin W., Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia; Abdollah M.F., Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia; Ismail A., Ask-Pentest Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Kamis N.H., Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia Universiti, Melaka, Malaysia; Razak S.F.A., Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia Universiti, Melaka, Malaysia; Joy H.K., Department of Computer Science, Christ University, Bangalore, India
Multi-variate LSTM with attention mechanism for the Indian stock market
Artificial intelligence; Attention mechanism; Big data analytics; Emerging markets; Indian stock market; Multi-variate LSTM
The advent of attention mechanism has surpassed numerous benchmarks and enabled widespread progress in the realm of natural language processing (NLP). Nevertheless, they have not been adequately leveraged in a time-series context. Accordingly, this paper aims to address this issue by proposing a hybrid, deep-learning model that integrates attention mechanisms and multi-variate long short-term memory (LSTM) for financial forecasting in the Indian stock market. Our model yields superior results as compared to baseline and state-of-the-art models evaluated using MAE and RMSE. Moreover, we employed a modern evaluation criterion based on the methodology advocated by DieboldMariano, known as the DieboldMariano test (DM test), as a new criterion for evaluation based on statistical hypothesis tests. DM test has been applied in this study to distinguish the significant differences in forecasting accuracy between LSTM with attention and other models. From the results and according to DM-test it is observed that the differences between the forecasting performances of models are significant and that attention mechanism could enhance the accuracy in predicting stock prices by allowing the model to prioritize and concentrate on the most important features and patterns in the data while avoiding overfitting and noise. 2025 The Author(s)
International Journal of Information Management Data Insights;Volume;5;Issue;2;Article No.;100350;
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2025.100350 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008584686?origin=resultslist
Sebastian A., School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, Department of Commerce, Christ University, India; Tantia D.V., School of Commerce, Finance and Accountancy, Department of Commerce, Christ University, India
Euclidean distance; Key frames; Spatio temporal; Threshold values; Video summarization
Video summarization is the most important video content service which gives us a short and condensed representation of the whole video content. It also ensures the browsing, mining, and storage of the original videos. The multi- view video summaries will produce only the most vital events with more detailed information than those of less salient ones. As such, it allows the interface user to get only the important information or the video from different perspectives of the multi-view videos without watching the whole video. In our research paper, we are focusing on a series of approaches to summarize the video content and to get a compact and succinct visual summary that encapsulates the key components of the video. Its main advantage is that the video summarization can turn numbers of hours long video into a short summary that an individual viewer can see in just few seconds. Springer India 2016.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol-435, pp. 461-473.
Thingom C., Centre for Digital Innovation, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Yeon G., Centre for Digital Innovation, Christ University, Bangalore, India
Multicomponent Synthesis Strategies, Catalytic Activities, and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Pyranocoumarins: A Comprehensive Review
carbon-based nanocatalyst; organocatalyst; pyranocoumarins; transition metal-based catalyst; transition metal-based nanocatalyst
Fused coumarins, because of their remarkable biological and therapeutic properties, particularly pyranocoumarins, have caught the interest of synthetic organic chemists, leading to the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly protocols for synthesizing pyranocoumarin derivatives. These compounds are the most promising heterocycles discovered in both natural and synthetic sources, with anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, antitubercular, antihyperglycemic, and antibacterial properties. This review employed the leading scientific databases Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed up to the end of 2022, as well as the combining terms pyranocoumarins, synthesis, isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activity. Among the catalysts employed, acidic magnetic nanocatalysts, transition metal catalysts, and carbon-based catalysts have all demonstrated improved reaction yields and facilitated reactions under milder conditions. Herein, the present review discusses the various multicomponent synthetic strategies for pyranocoumarins catalyzed by transition metal-based catalysts, transition metal-based nanocatalysts, transition metal-free catalysts, carbon-based nanocatalysts, and their potential pharmacological activities. 2023 The Authors. Chemistry & Biodiversity published by Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jayalakshmi M.; Joy F.; Nizam A.; Naidu Krishna S.B.
Chemistry and Biodiversity, Vol-20, No. 10
All Open Access; Hybrid Gold Open Access
ISSN: 16121872; PubMed ID: 37702294; CODEN: CBHIA
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202300836 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173457061&doi=10.1002%2fcbdv.202300836&partnerID=40&md5=2e997a936715286ea44f6a7ee2bd4768
Jayalakshmi M., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Joy F., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Nizam A., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India; Naidu Krishna S.B., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Social Cognition: Recent Advances and Future Questions
This book introduces social cognition from multidisciplinary perspectives, exploring in detail how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli throughout different stages of life. The book is organized into five parts, and each chapter provides a concise introduction to a specific topic within social cognition, followed by an in-depth exploration of prominent areas of research, the impact of technology, and potential future questions. The book covers core principles of social cognition alongside application in clinical interventions, with topics including how social cognition evolves throughout the lifespan, the impact of technology and social media on social cognition, and how conditions like autism, schizophrenia, and dementia affect social processing. It links social cognition with critical cognitive domains, including attention, memory, and decision-making, highlighting how these processes interact in shaping social behaviour. The book also combines cross-cultural research with relevant studies to show the differences and similarities in social cognition across geographical distances. Each part concludes with guided questions and answers for students to test their understanding, knowledge, and learning outcomes. By synthesizing current research and identifying future directions, this book offers valuable insights and potential solutions to the complex challenges in the field of social cognition. Bringing together foundational concepts with advances in the field, the book is ideal reading for students of social psychology, cognitive psychology, social neuroscience, and neuropsychology. It will also be of interest to students and researchers of clinical psychology, providing a foundation for future research in applied settings. 2025 K. Jayasankara Reddy and Bhasker Malu.
Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Social Cognition: Recent Advances and Future Questions;pp.1-281
Restricted Access; Hardcopy may be available in the library
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003499855 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217439588?origin=resultslist
Jayasankara Reddy K., School of Social Sciences, Christ University, Bangalore, India; Malu B., Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), O.P. Jindal Global University, India
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria: The Fatal Menace in Healthcare
Mapana Journal of Sciences, Vol-11 (1), pp. 31-47. ISSN-0975-3303
Multifaceted Anticancer Potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum
Anti-angiogenic; Antiapoptotic; Anticancer; Antioxidant; Diosgenin; Trigonella foenum-graecum
The past decade saw a revolution in the discovery of genetic and epigenetic factors paving way for various types of cancers. With a better understanding of the causes, comes a chance of wider possibility of targeting the root causes of cancer. Nature is a storehouse of natural anticancer molecules, many yet to be explored. Trigonella foenumgraecum (fenugreek) is one such plant, having a huge potential for modulating prophylactic and therapeutic aspects of cancer. Cuisines world over make uses of this legume in multiple ways. This small herb has been found to be loaded with many secondary metabolites like diosgenin, coumarin, trigonelline and so on that reduce inflammation, promote apoptosis, act as antioxidants, regulates cell proliferation, etc., thereby reducing the effects of various hallmarks of cancer. Components of T. foenum-graecum extracts have been found to be effective in alleviating both solid tumours and blood cancers. The milieu of phytochemicals present in T. foenum-graecum has already been shown to have antimicrobial, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties by several studies done in different parts of the world. The current chapter attempts to have a comprehensive look at the potential of various bioactive principles in Trigonella foenum-graecum to be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In today's global scenario, where cancer incidences are alarmingly rising, such natural remedies would indeed go a long way in preventing various types of cancer and imparting a better quality of life. 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Horizons in Cancer Research, Vol-79, pp. 1-42.
Sarojini S.; Iyer S.K., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Multifaceted Destination Personality Traits: A Short Communication on Understanding from Tourists Perspective
branding; destination; perception; personality traits; tourists
This short communication is an extract from a major research work on destination branding, and this cull out of analysis focused on the multifaceted destination personality traits that the destinations possess and perhaps how such perceptions of tourists differ based on the selected personal factors. Though there are many studies in the destination branding literature, the evidence regarding the personality traits is still at the stage of progression, and approaches referring to multifaceted personality traits are unseen. After the pilot testing, a structured questionnaire was floated to 400 tourists who visited the selected destinations a district in Tamil Nadu, India, between June 2019 and February 2020, where 327 responses were finalized. The questionnaire had statements measuring the destinations personality traits and other questions on tourists characteristics. Combined mean calculation and multivariate results revealed that two personality traits, welcoming and friendly, were emphasized by the tourists and perceived in common. Also, personality traits such as spiritual and charming were found to be commonly perceived. The mean values also indicated the existence of multifaceted destination personality traits some inherent and some perceived. Marketers and others thereof have been recommended on the branding and advertising strategies based on the outcome of this communication. The limitations and scope of this research have been indicated. 2022, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol-52, No. 3, pp. 50-59.
Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2022/v52/i3/168657 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127342215&doi=10.17010%2fijom%2f2022%2fv52%2fi3%2f168657&partnerID=40&md5=7a175aa92f4107e50acdaf518e316c3d
Sabari Shankar R., IIMBx Digital Initiative, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bilekahalli, Opp. Apollo Hospital, Karnataka, Bangalore, 560 076, India; John P.R.V., School of Business and Management, CHRIST Deemed to be University, Hulimavu, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 076, India
Multifarious pigment producing fungi of Western Ghats and their potential
anticancer; endophyte; fungi; natural colorant; pigments; Western Ghats
Concerns about the negative impacts of synthetic colorants on both con-sumers and the environment have sparked a surge of interest in natural col-orants. This has boosted the global demand for natural colorants in the food, cosmetics and textile industries. Pigments and colorants derived from plants and microorganisms are currently the principal sources used by mod-ern industry. When compared to the hazardous effects of synthetic dyes on human health, natural colors are quickly degradable and have no negative consequences. In fact, fungal pigments have multidimensional bioactivity spectra too. Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot has a lot of unique eco-logical niches known to harbor potential endophytic pigment-producing fungi having enumerable industrial and medical applications. Most of the fungi have coevolved with the plants in a geographical niche and hence the endophytic associations can be thought to bring about many mutually ben-eficial traits. The current review aims to highlight the potential of fungal pigments found in the Western ghats of India depicting various methods of isolation and screening, pigment extraction and uses. There is an urgent need for bioprospecting for the identification and characterization of ex-tremophilic endophytic fungi to meet industry demands and attain sustain-ability and balance in nature, especially from geographic hotspots like the Western Ghats. 2022 Horizon e-Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
Sivakumar B.; Rao N.R.; Poornamath B.P.; Jayaram S.; Sarojini S.
Plant Science Today, Vol-9, No. 3, pp. 733-747.
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1759 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135534637&doi=10.14719%2fpst.1759&partnerID=40&md5=abfc81a6ef9003ef8467c0d2792ff6f1
Sivakumar B., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Rao N.R., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Poornamath B.P., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Jayaram S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Sarojini S., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India
Multifarious Potential of Biopolymer-Producing Bacillus subtilis NJ14 for Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance in Solanum lycopercicum L. and Cicer arietinum L: A Way Toward Sustainable Agriculture
Biofertilizer; Biopolymer; Halotolerance; Plant growth promotion; Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Diverse practices implementing biopolymer-producing bacteria have been examined in various domains lately. PHAs are among the major biopolymers whose relevance of PHA-producing bacteria in the field of crop improvement is one of the radical unexplored aspects in the field of agriculture. Prolonging shelf life is one serious issue hindering the establishment of biofertilizers. Studies support that PHA can help bacteria survive stressed conditions by providing energy. Therefore, PHA-producing bacteria with Plant Growth-Promoting ability can alter the existing problem of short shelf life in biofertilizers. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis NJ14 was isolated from the soil. It was explored to understand the ability of the strain to produce PHA and augment growth in Solanum lycopersicum and Cicer arietinum. NJ14 strain improved the root and shoot length of both plants significantly. The root and shoot length of S. lycopersicum was increased by 3.49 and 0.41cm, respectively. Similarly, C. arietinum showed a 9.55 and 8.24cm increase in root and shoot length, respectively. The strain also exhibited halotolerant activity (up to 10%), metal tolerance to lead (up to 1000?g/mL) and mercury (up to 100?g/mL), indicating that the NJ14 strain can be an ideal candidate for a potent biofertilizer. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023.
Molecular Biotechnology, Vol-66, No. 5, pp. 1031-1050.
James N., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Umesh M., Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Karnataka, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Multifractal analysis of volatility for detection of herding and bubble: Evidence from CNX Nifty HFT
Econophysics; Generalized Hurst exponent; Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
This study delves into the herding and bubble detection in the volatility domain of a capital market underlying. Furthermore, it focuses on creating heuristics, so that common investors find it relatively easy to understand the state of the market volatility. Hence, it can be termed that this study is focused on the specific financial innovation regarding bubble and herding detection coupled with investor awareness. The traces of possible volatility bubble emerge when it is positioned against its own lags (both lag1 and lag2). The volatility trigger indicated clear traces of herding and an embedded parabola function. Continuous and repetitive parabola function hinted at a subtle presence of "fractals". Firstly, the detrended fluctuation analysis has been used with its multifractal variant. Secondly, the regularized form of Hurst calculation and analysis have been used. Both tests reveal the traces of nascent bubble formation owing to prominent herding in CNX Nifty HFT environment. They also indicate a clear link with Hausdorff topological patterns. These patterns would help to create heuristics, enabling investors to be aware of possible bubble and herd situations. Bikramaditya Ghosh, Emira Kozarevic, 2019.
Investment Management and Financial Innovations, Vol-16, No. 3, pp. 182-193.
Ghosh B., Department of Finance, Christ Institute of Management, Christ University, India; Kozarevic E., Department of Finance and Financial Policy, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Multifunctional biosensor activities in food technology, microbes and toxins A systematic mini review
Composites; Designing of materials; Detection; Food processing; Sensors
Biosensors have its significant applications in various fields, its use in food processing, food safety and food technology has helped to enhance the overall health of the society as it can successfully determine the presence and concentration of different microorganisms including Escheichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Clostridium spp. etc., and also determination of various toxins present in food like acrylamides, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, nitrosamines, Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) which are carcinogenic. The preface of biosensors has assisted food industries for monitoring and verification of raw materials, food processing, and composition of the food and assessment of product freshness. Symbolic biosensors have been developed in recent years and yet there is much immediate need for the development of more reliable, cost-effective, sensitive and novel biosensors for rapid detection and identification of food borne pathogens and toxins. Extensive review recapitulates overall food-pathogen testing research market trends, as well as commercialization of biosensors for the food safety industry as legislation creates novel standards for microbial monitoring. Furthermore, the world's concern about the food safety and human's healthcare, the one and only biosensor's exclusive demand is nothing but an alternative in real time diagnosis of diseases causing pathogens. 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Vallinayagam S.; Paladhi A.G.; Pal K.; Kyzas G.Z.
Process Biochemistry, Vol-120, pp. 260-264.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.019 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133696804&doi=10.1016%2fj.procbio.2022.06.019&partnerID=40&md5=807f916dd605f9b41ff8679e0e74d6bd
Vallinayagam S., Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India; Paladhi A.G., Department of Life Sciences, CHIRST University, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India; Pal K., University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Physics, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India; Kyzas G.Z., Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
Multifunctional characteristics of biosynthesized CoFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite by photocatalytic, antibacterial and cytotoxic applications
Antibacterial activity; Carissa carandas; Cytotoxicity; Green synthesis; Photocatalysis; Rhodamine B (RhB)
Carissa carandas, a traditional medicinal herb with a high concentration of antioxidant phytochemicals, has been used for thousands of years in the Ayurveda, Unani, and homoeopathic schools of medicine. By employing Carissa carandas bark extract as a reducing and capping agent in green biosynthesis, we extend this conventional application to produce CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite. A variety of techniques have been used to characterize the synthesised nanocomposite, including UVVis, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and BET. The CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite demonstrated promising antibacterial action against human bacterial pathogens like B. subtilis and S. aureus as gram positive and P. aeruginosa and E. coli as gram negative with inhibition zones of 24.3 0.57, 17.4 0.75 and 20.5 0.5, 19.8 1.6 mm respectively, and the obtained results were superior to the nanocomposite without silver. Moreover, in-vitro cytotoxicity effects of biosynthesized CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4@Ag were performed on the human breast cancer cell MCF-7. It was found that the MCF-7 cells' 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 60 ?g/mL. Additionally, biosynthesized CoFe2O4 and CoFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite was used to demonstrate the photocatalytic eradication of Rhodamine Blue (RhB). Due to the addition of Ag, which increases surface area, conductivity, and increased charge carrier separation, the CoFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite exhibits a high percentage of photocatalytic degradation of ? 98% within 35 min under UV light irradiation. The photocatalytic performance of as-synthesised nanocomposite was evaluated using dye degradation-adsorption in both natural light and dark condition. Under dark conditions, it was found that 2 mg mL?1 CoFe2O4@Ag in RhB aqueous solution (5 ppm) causes dye adsorption in 30 min with an effectiveness of 72%. Consequently, it is anticipated that the CoFe2O4@Ag nanocomposite will be a promising photocatalyst and possibly a noble material for environmental remediation applications. 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Punyasamudram S.; Puthalapattu R.P.; Bathinapatla A.; Mulpuri R.; Kanchi S.; Kumar P.V.N.
ISSN: 456535; PubMed ID: 38070614; CODEN: CMSHA
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140892 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179602783&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemosphere.2023.140892&partnerID=40&md5=064321af3e1d5130b1a1ee5ad148f97d
Punyasamudram S., Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Telangana, Hyderabad, 502329, India, Department of Chemistry, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, 517502, India; Puthalapattu R.P., Department of Chemistry, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Telangana, Hyderabad, 500043, India; Bathinapatla A., Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India, Centre of Excellence- Sensors & Nanoelectronics, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, India; Mulpuri R., Department of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering College (Autonomous), Dakamarri (v), Bheeminipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam, 531162, India; Kanchi S., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, 560 029, India; Kumar P.V.N., Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Telangana, Hyderabad, 502329, India
Multifunctional electrospun membranes incorporated with metal oxide nanoparticles, cellulose acetate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone for wastewater treatment: Oil/water separation, dye adsorption, and dye degradation
Cellulose acetate; Dye adsorption; Electrospinning; Photocatalysis; Wastewater remediation
Multifunctional membranes have gained considerable attention as useful materials for the treatment of complex wastewater that contains dye and oil substances. Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENM) have substantial advantages and potential for complex wastewater remediation, owing to their unique properties. In this study, an environmentally compatible ENM is fabricated by incorporating photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) or silver-zinc Oxide (Ag-ZnO) into cellulose acetate (CA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers using electrospinning. Composite membranes ZnO/CA/PVP, Ag-ZnO/CA/PVP, ZnO/DCA/PVP (DCA: deacetylated cellulose acetate), and Ag-ZnO/DCA/PVP (deacetylated) were employed for oilwater emulsion separation, owing to their superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic nature, photocatalytic dye degradation due to the presence of ZnO or Ag-ZnO, and dye adsorption resulting from their high surface area. The composite membranes showed more than 95% efficiency for oil/water separation, malachite green adsorption, and photocatalytic methylene blue degradation. These membranes displayed simultaneous oilwater and dye separation efficiency, as well as antibacterial properties. The membrane we present here provides a simple and effective platform for wastewater remediation with a low energy consumption. 2024 Elsevier B.V.
K P C.; Varghese A.; Vinod T.P.; Sunaja Devi K.R.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156049 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205141430&doi=10.1016%2fj.cej.2024.156049&partnerID=40&md5=bc0baa20d50ab2139391c2be8d80b135
K P C., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Varghese A., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Vinod T.P., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India; Sunaja Devi K.R., Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India
Multifunctional Evaluation of CaCO3Sodium Alginate Nanocomposite for Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Applications
Anticancer activity; Antimicrobial activity; CaCO3 nanoparticles; Nanocomposite; SA
In this study, Calcium carbonate (CaCO?) nanoparticles and calcium carbonatesodium alginate (CaCO?SA) nanocomposite were successfully synthesized via a controlled precipitation method and evaluated for multifunctional biomedical applications. Structural and surface analyses confirmed the formation of a calcite phase with effective surface functionalization using SA. The nanocomposite exhibited reduced crystallite size (~ 29nm vs. ~38nm for CaCO?), improved dispersion, and enhanced defect density, as evidenced by XRD, DLS, PL, and TEM analyses. PL studies revealed multiple defect-related emission bands (370534nm), indicating the presence of active surface states. The CaCO?SA nanocomposite demonstrated significantly enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to CaCO?, with zone of inhibition values reaching ~ 20mm (S. aureus), ~ 21mm (S. pneumoniae), ~ 20mm (E. coli), and ~ 18mm (C. albicans), comparable to standard drugs. CFU analysis confirmed a concentration-dependent reduction in bacterial viability, while MIC and MBC values were reduced to 500g mL? and 750g mL?, respectively, indicating improved bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficiency. In anticancer studies, the nanocomposite exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, reducing cell viability to ~ 30% at higher concentrations, while maintaining high biocompatibility of > 80% viability toward L929 fibroblast cells. Overall, this work highlights the potential of surface engineered CaCO? based nanomaterials as promising candidates for combined antimicrobial and anticancer applications, providing a foundation for future in-depth biological investigations and translational studies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2026.
Thangavelu, Indumathi; Tadepalli, Srinivas; Gadallah, Abdelrahman G.
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials;
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-026-04325-6 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105038584499?origin=resultslist
Thangavelu I., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, 560029, India; Tadepalli S., Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia; Gadallah A.G., Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia
Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications focuses on the latest discoveries and advances in the field of inorganic nanomaterials dealing with synthesis, functionalization, morphology, and physio-chemical properties of 1D, 2D, and 3D advanced materials and their interdisciplinary applications. This book reveals the significance of understanding the synthesis methodologies in tuning the nano-size properties of inorganic materials using various parameters to functionalize to specific applications in a variety of sectors covering energy, environment, and health. 2026 selection and editorial matter, H. C. Ananda Murthy, Velumani Subramaniam, Mika Sillanp, R. Balachandran, and Gurumurthy Hegde; individual chapters, the contributors.
Murthy, H. C. Ananda; Subramaniam, Velumani; Sillanp, Mika; Balachandran, R.; Hegde, Gurumurthy
Multifunctional Inorganic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications;pp.1-310
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003501596 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105025603302?origin=resultslist
Murthy H.C.A., Department of Applied Sciences, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Morobe Province, Lae, 411, Guinea; Subramaniam V., Texas A & M University, United States; Sillanp M.; Balachandran R., Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia; Hegde G., Centre for Advanced Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, India
Multifunctional SnO?-Chitosan-D-carvone Nanocomposite: A Promising Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Antioxidant Agent for Biomedical Applications
Anticancer Activity; Antimicrobial Activity; Antioxidant Activity; MOLT-4 Cells; SnO2; SnO2-Cs-Dcar Nanocomposites
Nanocomposite made up of inorganic and biocompatible polymer have gained significant attention for biomedical applications due to their enhanced multifunctional properties, offering solutions to serious issues like antimicrobial resistance and cancer treatment. Nanocomposite composed of SnO?, chitosan and D-carvone (SnO2-Cs-Dcar) was prepared to ascertain its efficacy in application for antimicrobial, anticancer activities, and antioxidant effects. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, PL, SEM, TEM, and XPS techniques, confirming successful integration. XRD results confirmed the tetragonal rutile phase of SnO2. The band gap energy was calculated as 4.32eV for SnO2 nanoparticles and 3.11eV for SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite as observed from UV-Visible spectra. PL emission results showed that SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite exhibited green emission at 507nm corresponds to number oxygen vacancy site. SEM and TEM results showed that the SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite entities appear more compact, and the single SnO2 particles are less differentiated, possibly because they have been covered by chitosan and D-carvone. Antimicrobial activity against the pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that SnO2-Cs-Dcar exhibited enhanced bacteriostatic effect when compared to bare SnO2. MTT assay on MOLT-4 cancer cells revealed that SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite exhibited enhanced anticancer activity upon compared to SnO? nanoparticles. The IC50 values were calculated as 13.6 for SnO2 and 12.1 for SnO2-Cs-Dcar nanocomposite. SnO?-Cs-Dcar nanocomposites exhibits high antioxidant activity evidenced by improved free radical scavenging action in comparison with a bare SnO?. Experimental result indicates that the SnO?-Cs-Dcar nanocomposites can be used as biocidal agent for antimicrobial and anticancer therapies. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Bamagous G.A.; Ibrahim I.A.A.; Alzahrani A.R.; Shahid I.; Shahzad N.; Falemban A.H.; Alanazi I.M.M.; Hussein-Al-Ali S.H.; Arulselvan P.; Thangavelu I.
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
Bamagous G.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Ibrahim I.A.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Alzahrani A.R., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Shahid I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Shahzad N., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Falemban A.H., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Alanazi I.M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O.Box 13578, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Hussein-Al-Ali S.H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan; Arulselvan P., Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India; Thangavelu I., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India
Bamagous, Ghazi A.; Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz; Alzahrani, Abdullah R.; Shahid, Imran; Shahzad, Naiyer; Falemban, Alaa H.; Alanazi, Ibrahim Mufadhi M; Hussein-Al-Ali, Samer Hasan; Arulselvan, Palanisamy; Thangavelu, Indumathi
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials;Volume;35;Issue;4;pp.3111-3127
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-024-03447-z https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85208107719?origin=resultslist
Multifunctional SrO?Sodium AlginateL-Arginine Nanocomposite: A Green Approach against Colon Cancer and Pathogenic Microbes
Biomedical application; Bougainvillea Glabra extract; Green synthesis; L-arginine; Sodium alginate; SrO2
Pathogenic microbes pose a significant threat to human health due to their increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Colon cancer is among the deadliest forms of cancer worldwide and often exhibits resistance to conventional treatments, highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapeutic agents. In this study, a SrO2SALA nanocomposite was synthesized via a green chemical approach using Bougainvillea glabra extract and evaluated for its anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential. In this work, SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite was prepared via a green chemical approach using Bougainvillea glabra extract and evaluated for its potential anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and functionalized, as confirmed by characterization studies. XRD revealed a crystalline phase of tetragonal SrO2. The calculated optical bandgap energies were 4.11eV for pristine SrO2 and 4.35eV for SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite. DLS analysis indicated median particle sizes of 128.40nm and 142.70nm for SrO? and SrO2SALA, respectively. PL studies showed that the SrO2SALA nanocomposite exhibited green emission in the range of 494534nm, suggesting an increase in oxygen-related defect states compared to pure SrO2. Disc diffusion assay revealed that SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against common disease-causing pathogens, while MTT assay showed enhanced cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Additionally, the SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite exhibited superior free radical scavenging in DPPH assays, indicating high antioxidant potential. Furthermore, cytocompatibility studies using L929 fibroblast cells confirmed that both SrO? and SrO?SALA nanocomposite are non-toxic to normal cells, with cell viability exceeding 80%, indicating their biosafety. The results suggest that SrO2-SA-LA nanocomposite is a promising candidate for applications in anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial therapies with good biocompatibility. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
PadmaPriya, G.; Joshi, Anand; Sachdeva, Ankit; Arun, Jagdish Kumar; AlGhamdi, AbdulAziz A.; Tadepalli, Srinivas; Thangavelu, Indumathi
Journal of Polymers and the Environment;Volume;33;Issue;10;pp.4378-4394
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-025-03655-9 https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012563459?origin=resultslist
PadmaPriya G., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560069, India; Joshi A., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, PIT, Parul University, Gujarat, Vadodara, 391760, India; Sachdeva A., Center of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura, 140417, India; Arun J.K., Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, 303012, India; AlGhamdi A.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia; Tadepalli S., Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11432, Saudi Arabia; Thangavelu I., Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, 560029, India